第04輯一輪閱讀 專題08 閱讀理解文章大意專練15篇（滿分攻略+高考真題+名校模擬）-2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）教師版

試卷第=page22頁，共=sectionpages3535頁2025屆新高三英語提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）第04輯一輪閱讀專題08閱讀理解文章大意題專練15篇（攻略+真題+模擬）解析版【文章大意題滿分攻略】一、記敘文主旨大意題1.看首段和尾段，以尾段為主2.借助主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞歸納二、說明文和議論文主旨大意題1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段為主2.借助主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞歸納三、文章大意題錯誤選項(xiàng)典型錯誤一是“以偏概全”：選項(xiàng)范圍太窄，只表達(dá)局部信息或某一細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；二是“概括寬泛”：所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容；三是“無中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。四、文章大意五種題型題型一：利用主題句在段首位置推敲段落大意技巧點(diǎn)撥：說明文和議論文學(xué)會關(guān)注“首段”和“段首”。借鑒“七選五”小標(biāo)題類型特點(diǎn)，段首句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段主旨大意，由此推斷段落大意。題型二：利用主題句在段中位置推敲段落大意技巧點(diǎn)撥：有時主題句出現(xiàn)在段中某句，這就需要考生耐心閱讀揣摩段落各句之間內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，確定主題句位置，進(jìn)而明確段落主旨大意。題型三：利用主題句在段尾位置推敲段落大意技巧點(diǎn)撥：有時主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾，關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞:in

brief/short,all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword等，這些詞后面連接的通常是主題句。題型四：利用段落沒有主題句推敲段落大意技巧點(diǎn)撥：有時候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉，難度更大。題型五：利用“總-分-總”結(jié)構(gòu)推敲語篇主旨大意題技巧點(diǎn)撥：有時候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉，難度更大。五、文章大意題思維導(dǎo)圖【文章大意題高考真題】【2024新課標(biāo)II卷第31題】Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）進(jìn)一步縮短了從農(nóng)場到餐桌的距離。故選C。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，還有一個便捷的應(yīng)用程序，可以實(shí)時提供增長數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供了植物生長的實(shí)時數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識。故選D。31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過云連接，對BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品。”)”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。【2020新課標(biāo)II卷第27題】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist. D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】24-27BCDB【導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。24.B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力方面更好)可知，孩子們可以從智力游戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。25.C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段(Levine說，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母談話次數(shù)后，拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)測)可知Levine在設(shè)計這個試驗(yàn)時考慮了父母的收入、教育程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。26.D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題，即他們可能會玩難度更大的謎題。27.B。主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的?！疚恼麓笠忸}名校模擬】【文章大意題專練01】（24-25高三上·江蘇南通·開學(xué)考試）Students’social-emotionalskillsarepositivelycorrelatedwiththeirreadingandmathperformance,accordingtoastudybyBranchingMinds,aned-techcompany.Itfoundthat60-70percentofstudentswhowereidentifiedasneedingadditionalsocial-emotionalsupportwerealsoidentifiedasneedingadditionalacademicsupport.Tounderstandthelinksbetweensocial-emotionallearning(SEL)andacademicoutcomes,thestudyanalyzedstudentscreeningassessmentsforsocial-emotionalskillsandreadingandmathperformanceofnearly4,000K-8studentsinthe2021-22schoolyear.Thestudy’sfindingsareinlinewithpreviousresearchthatshowssocial-emotionallearninghasapositiveimpactonstudents’academicachievement,butthere’sstillagapinunderstandinghowthosepiecesofdataaboutacademicandsocial-emotionalstrengthsshouldbeintegratedandusedtogethertocreateinterventionplansforstudents.Thestudyalsofoundthatsocial-emotionalskillsmayactas“aprotectivefactor”forsomestudentsperformingbelowacademicstandards,meaningthatstudents’social-emotionalstrengthscouldbeusedtoboosttheiracademicachievement,saidEssieSutton,thedirectoroflearningscienceatBranchingMinds.Therefore,“itwouldbebeneficialforeducatorstothinkaboutmorecombinedsupportplansforstrugglingstudents,”sheadded.Forexample,ifastudentisstrugglingwithreading,butheisverysocial,“howcanwebuildthatintoasupportplan,andperhapsmakethesetargetedorindividualizedreadingsupportgroupsmoresocialandplaytothatstrengththattheyhave?”Perhapsthestudentcouldtakeontheroleofteacherandexplainsomethingtotheirpeersinordertohelpthempracticereadingcomprehension,aswellassocialskills,Suttonsaid.Inthestudy,itisrecommendedthatresultsfromacademic,social-emotional,andbehavioralscreenersshouldbeusedwhendevelopinginterventionplansforstudents.“It’sreallyimportanttolookatstudents’strengthsandneedscomprehensively,”Suttonsaid.Todothat,districtandschoolleadersshouldensurethattheiracademic,behavioral,andsocial-emotionalsupportteamsworktogetherandthatallstakeholders-students,parents,andteachers-arepartoftheprocessofcreatinginterventionplans.1.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Byinterviewingstudents. B.Bycarryingoutexperiments.C.Byconductingdataanalysis. D.Byreferringtothepreviousdata.2.Whyistheexamplementionedinparagraph5?A.Toattachgreatimportancetosocialskills.B.Tonarrowthegapofthepreviousresearch.C.Toexplainsocialskillscanprotecteveryone.D.Toadvocatetheintegratedsupportstrategies.3.Whatmatterswhendesigninginterventionstrategiesaccordingtothepassage?A.Cooperation. B.Assessment. C.Flexibility. D.Individuality.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theprospectofapplyingsocialemotionalskills.B.TheeffectsSELskillshaveonacademicperformance.C.Themethodstodevelopstudents’SELskillstothefull.D.Theusefulinterventionplansforacademicperformance.1.C2.D3.A4.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)研究表明，學(xué)生的社會情感能力與他們在學(xué)業(yè)上的表現(xiàn)是正相關(guān)的，教育人士或可利用這一點(diǎn)對學(xué)生給予支持。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tounderstandthelinksbetweensocial-emotionallearning(SEL)andacademicoutcomes,thestudyanalyzedstudentscreeningassessmentsforsocial-emotionalskillsandreadingandmathperformanceofnearly4,000K-8studentsinthe2021-22schoolyear.（為了了解社會情感學(xué)習(xí)（SEL）與學(xué)業(yè)成績之間的聯(lián)系，該研究分析了2021-22學(xué)年涵蓋幼兒園到八年級共近4000名學(xué)生的社會情感技能、閱讀和數(shù)學(xué)成績的篩查評估情況。）”可知，該項(xiàng)研究主要是通過進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析來完成的。故選C項(xiàng)。2.推理判斷題。先分析第五段所給例子“Forexample,ifastudentisstrugglingwithreading,butheisverysocial（例如，如果一個學(xué)生閱讀比較吃力，但他是社交達(dá)人）”及研究機(jī)構(gòu)的負(fù)責(zé)人Sutton給出的建議“Perhapsthestudentcouldtakeontheroleofteacherandexplainsomethingtotheirpeersinordertohelpthempracticereadingcomprehension,aswellassocialskills（也許這名學(xué)生可以扮演老師的角色，向其他同學(xué)闡述說明，從而幫助他們練習(xí)閱讀理解和社交技能）”可知，這顯然是承接上文末尾的“Therefore,“itwouldbebeneficialforeducatorstothinkaboutmorecombinedsupportplansforstrugglingstudents,”sheadded.（因此，她補(bǔ)充道：“教育工作者為陷入困境的學(xué)生想出更多的綜合支持計劃，這將是十分有益的。”）”即通過例子來倡導(dǎo)、鼓勵教育人士結(jié)合社會情感和學(xué)業(yè)兩方面為學(xué)生提供一些幫助和支持。故選D項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Todothat,districtandschoolleadersshouldensurethattheiracademic,behavioral,andsocial-emotionalsupportteamsworktogetherandthatallstakeholders-students,parents,andteachers-arepartoftheprocessofcreatinginterventionplans.（為此，學(xué)區(qū)和學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)確保他們的學(xué)術(shù)、行為和社會情感支持團(tuán)隊協(xié)同工作，并確保所有利益相關(guān)者——學(xué)生、家長和教師——都參與到制定干預(yù)計劃的過程中。）”可知，在設(shè)計干預(yù)策略的過程中，最重要的就是各方的協(xié)調(diào)與合作，共同努力。故選A項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題?？傆[全文可知，文章從一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果引入，指出學(xué)生的社會情感能力對其學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)的正向影響，B選項(xiàng)“社會情感學(xué)習(xí)能力對于學(xué)術(shù)表現(xiàn)的影響”符合文章的主要內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)?！疚恼麓笠忸}專練02】（23-24高三下·安徽蚌埠·期中）Assomeonewhooftenmansthe24-hourhotline,I’maccustomedtoearlymorningcallsreportingvariousmarinemammalstrandings(擱淺).Evenstill,IdoubtwhetherIcouldhavefullypreparedforthiscall.August9at8:01amwasthefirsttimemyjawphysicallydroppedwhenmanningthehotline.Theharbormasterreported30strandeddolphinsinoneofthetrickiestareasofWellfleet.Iimmediatelysentallworkerswehadandsentoutthecallforanyadditionalhelpwecouldgather.OurteamgatheredatourRescueOperationsCenter,grabbingallthespecializedequipmentwepossiblycould.Ourtrainedvolunteerrespondersarrivedonthesceneshortlyaftertheinitialreporttogivemeupdatedinformation—45dolphinsintotal,43ofwhichwerealive.Withastrandingthislarge,itwasn’tfeasibletopullall43animalsfromthemud,getthemtoourmobileveterinaryclinic,andtransportthemforreleaseatamorefavorableopen-oceanlocationallbeforethetidecamein.Thedaywasgettinghotter,andtheanimalswerealreadysufferingfrombothheatandsunexposure.Upongettingonthescene,therewasnotimetoreacttothesheerchaosthatlayahead.Afteraquickscanofthesituation—45animalswidelydistributed,onlyafewstaffmembersandseveralvolunteers—therewasn’tasecondmoretowait.Webeganthehardprocessofgettingasmanyanimalsaswecouldintospecialslings(吊帶),ontothecart,andoffthemarshasquicklyaspossible.Thiswasnotwithoutitsownchallenges.Themudtrappedandenvelopedourfeet,addingweightwitheachstep,mostanimalswerehighlyfractious(易怒的)whenapproached,andtheheatbecameunbearableindrysuits.Butnoneofthatwasgoingtostopusfromdoingallwecouldfortheseanimals.1.HowdidtheauthorreacttothecallonthemorningofAugust9?A.Hethoughtitwasajoke. B.Hewasshockedtothebone.C.Hedidn’ttakeitseriously. D.Hewasatalosswhattodo.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feasible”inparagraph2mean?A.Efficient. B.Practical. C.Urgent. D.Remarkable.3.Whatmadeachallengetotheauthor’steam?A.Thetidewascominginveryquickly.B.Itwashardtofindanopen-oceanlocation.C.Thevolunteersfailedtocontacteachother.D.Therewasdeepmudaroundtowalkthrough.4.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Arescueeffort. B.Avolunteerprogram.C.Afestiveactivity. D.Acharityorganization.【答案】1.B2.B4.D5.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇敘述文，主要描述了作者作為24小時熱線工作人員，接到關(guān)于海豚擱淺的報告后，他和他的團(tuán)隊如何進(jìn)行緊急救援的情況。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“IdoubtwhetherIcouldhavefullypreparedforthiscall.August9at8:01amwasthefirsttimemyjawphysicallydroppedwhenmanningthehotline.(我懷疑我是否能夠完全準(zhǔn)備好接聽這個電話。8月9日上午8:01，是我在值班時第一次驚呆了。)”可知，作者對這個電話的反應(yīng)是非常震驚的，故選B項(xiàng)。2.詞句猜測題。結(jié)合語境，再根據(jù)第二段“Itwasn’tfeasibletopullall43animalsfromthemud,getthemtoourmobileveterinaryclinic,andtransportthemforreleaseatamorefavorableopen-oceanlocationallbeforethetidecamein.(在潮水漲上來之前，把43只動物從泥潭中拉出來，送到我們的移動獸醫(yī)診所，并運(yùn)送到更有利的開放海域位置，這在現(xiàn)實(shí)中是不feasible的。)”可知，在潮水漲上來之前，很難（幾乎不可能）把43只動物從泥潭中拉出來，送到我們的移動獸醫(yī)診所，并運(yùn)送到更有利的開放海域位置，因此“feasible”在這里的意思是“實(shí)際可行的”，故選B項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Themudtrappedandenvelopedourfeet,addingweightwitheachstep,mostanimalswerehighlyfractiouswhenapproachedandtheheatbecameunbearableindrysuits.(泥潭困住了我們的腳，每一步都增加了重量，大多數(shù)動物在接近時都非常易怒，而且我們穿著干式潛水服，熱度變得難以忍受。)”可知，救援團(tuán)隊面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是周圍有深泥，難以行走，故選D項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“OurteamgatheredatourRescueOperationsCenter,grabbingallthespecializedequipmentwepossiblycould.(我們的團(tuán)隊聚集在我們的救援行動中心，盡可能多地拿起所有專門的設(shè)備。)”及全文可知，文章主要講述了作者和他的團(tuán)隊在接到海豚擱淺的報告后，如何迅速組織救援行動，以及在救援過程中遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。因此，文章的主要內(nèi)容是一次救援行動，故選A項(xiàng)。【文章大意題專練03】（2024·陜西榆林·一模）WhenIwasaboy,therewasbutonepermanentambitionamongmycomradesinourvillageonthewestbankofMississippiRiver.Thatwas,tobeasteamboatman.Wehadtemporaryambitionsofothersorts,buttheywereonlytemporary.Myfatherwasajusticeofthepeace,andIsupposedhepossessedthepoweroflifeanddeathoverallmenandcouldhanganybodythatoffendedhim.Thiswasdistinctionenoughformeasageneralthing;butthedesiretobeasteamboatmankeptintruding(闖入),nevertheless.Oneofourboysintown,whowentawayandwasnotheardofforalongtime,turnedupasanapprenticeengineeronasteamboat.ThisthingshookthebottomoutofallmySunday-schoolteachings.Thatboywasnotoriouslyworldly,andIwasjusttheopposite.Therewasnothinggenerousaboutthisfellowinhisgreatness.Hewouldalwaysmanagetohavearustynailtoscrubwhilehisboatstoppedatourtown,andhewouldsitontheinsideguardandscrubit,wherewecouldallseehim.Andwhereverhisboatwaslaiduphewouldcomehomeandshowoffinthetowninhisblackestandgreasiestclothes,sothatnobodycouldhelprememberingthathewasasteamboatman;andheusedallsortsofsteamboattechnicaltermsinhistalk,asifheweresousedtothemthatheforgotcommonpeoplecouldnotunderstandthem.Thiscreature’scareercouldproducebutoneresult,anditwasspeedilyfollowed.Boyafterboymanagedtogetontheriver.Despitemanychoices,pilotwasthegrandestpositionofall.Thepilot,eveninthosedaysoftrivialwages,hadaprincelysalary—from150-250dollarsamonth,andnoboardpayment.Butourparentswouldnotletusandourworrywasthatthenextyearwouldfindushuntingforjobswithlowpayagain.SobyandbyIranaway.IsaidIneverwouldcomehomeagaintillIwasapilotandcouldcomeinglory.1.Whydoesthewritermentionhisfather’sjobinParagraph2?A.Toshowthathisfatherwasinpower. B.Toshowthathisfatheriscruel.C.Toemphasizethejobheprefers. D.Toemphasizehisloveforhisfather.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestconcludethewriter’sattitudetowardtheboy?A.Hethoughttheboywasmaterialbutpitiful.B.Hethoughttheboywasannoyingbutstillenviedhim.C.Hethoughttheboywasshallowbutknowledgeable.D.Hethoughttheboywasgoodbutstilldislikedhim.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theboytalkedinawaytomakeothersfeeljealous.B.Theboy’sexperiencemadeotherboyslikehim.C.Thepilot’ssalarywasrelativelyhighbutwithoutmealscovered.D.Theboymadehischildhooddreamcometrue.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Parents’interferencewithchildren’scareer. B.Theboy’spassionforhisidealjob.C.Theboy’ssharpjealousyofhisbrother. D.Lowpaymentofsteamboatman.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時候夢想當(dāng)一個汽船水手，描述了一個汽船水手男孩在船上的生活以及作者對他的一些看法。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Myfatherwasajusticeofthepeace,andIsupposedhepossessedthepoweroflifeanddeathoverallmenandcouldhanganybodythatoffendedhim.Thiswasdistinctionenoughformeasageneralthing;butthedesiretobeasteamboatmankeptintruding(闖入),nevertheless.(我父親是治安法官，我想他對所有的人都有生殺大權(quán)，可以絞死任何得罪他的人。一般說來，這對我來說就已經(jīng)足夠了不起了。不過，想當(dāng)一名汽船船員的愿望還是不斷地涌上心頭)”可推知，作者在第二段提到他父親的工作是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)他更喜歡的工作。故選C。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thatboywasnotoriouslyworldly,andIwasjusttheopposite.Therewasnothinggenerousaboutthisfellowinhisgreatness.(那個男孩是出了名的世故，而我恰恰相反。這個家伙也不慷慨)”以及“Andwhereverhisboatwaslaiduphewouldcomehomeandshowoffinthetowninhisblackestandgreasiestclothes,sothatnobodycouldhelprememberingthathewasasteamboatman;andheusedallsortsofsteamboattechnicaltermsinhistalkasifheweresousedtothemthatheforgotcommonpeoplecouldnotunderstandthem.(不管他的船停在什么地方，他總要回到家里來，在鎮(zhèn)上炫耀他那最黑、最油膩的衣服，好讓所有人都記住他是一個汽船上的水手；他在談話中使用了各種蒸汽船的術(shù)語。好像他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了，忘記了一般人是聽不懂的)”可推知，作者覺得那個男孩很煩人，但仍然很羨慕他。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“heusedallsortsofsteamboattechnicaltermsinhistalkasifheweresousedtothemthatheforgotcommonpeoplecouldnotunderstandthem.(他在談話中使用了各種各樣的蒸汽船術(shù)語，好像他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這些術(shù)語，以至于忘記了普通人是聽不懂的)”可推知，這個男孩說話的方式讓別人感到嫉妒。故選A。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenIwasaboy,therewasbutonepermanentambitionamongmycomradesinourvillageonthewestbankofMississippiRiver.Thatwas,tobeasteamboatman.Wehadtemporaryambitionsofothersorts,buttheywereonlytemporary.(當(dāng)我還是個孩子的時候，在密西西比河西岸的村子里，我的同志們只有一個永恒的志向。那就是成為一名汽船船員。我們也有其他暫時的野心，但那只是暫時的)”以及主要講述了作者小時候夢想當(dāng)一個汽船水手，描述了一個汽船水手男孩在船上的生活以及作者對他的一些看法。由此可知，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是男孩對理想工作的熱情。故選B?！疚恼麓笠忸}專練04】（2024·陜西安康·模擬預(yù)測）InthesceniccoastalcityofCornwall,LizziLarbalestierhasbecomeabeaconofhopeformarine(海洋的)wildlife.AsacommittedvolunteerforBritishDiversMarineLifeRescue(BDMLR),herjourneybeganwithtransformingherAirbnb,anonlineplatformthatallowspeopletorentouttheirhomesoraccommodationstotravelers,intoatemporaryhavenforinjuredseals.Thiseffortcameastheresultoftheincreasingincidentsofmarineanimalssufferingfromhuman-relatedinjuriesandthelackofspecializedcarefacilitiesintheregion.Recognizingtheurgentneedforamorepermanentsolution,Lizzi,alongsideherhusbandandateamofcommittedvolunteers,establishedafullyequippedsealhospital.Thisfacility,nowinitsthirdyearofoperation,hasexpandeditscapacitytotenpensandispreparedtorecoveraround100sealsannually.Thehospitalcaterstoavarietyofcases:sealsinjuredbyboatsorcaughtinfishinggear(用具),youngpupsseparatedfromtheirmothers,andyoungsealsweakenedbypoornutrition.Eachanimalreceivespersonalizedcare,rangingfrombasicfirstaidtoextensiverecoveryprograms.Afterinitialtreatment,sealsareoftenmovedtolargerrecoverycentersforfurthercarebeforetheirreleasebackintothewild.Lizzi’scommitmenttomarineconservationextendsbeyondsealrescue.SheisanactiveparticipantinenvironmentalcampaignslikeSurfersAgainstSewageandGhostnetbuster.HertirelesseffortswererecognizedwhenshereceivedtheAnimalActionAwardfromtheInternationalFundforAnimalWelfare.LizziowesthesuccessofBDMLR’soperationstothecollectiveeffortofallvolunteers,emphasizingtheimportanceofteamworkinachievingtheirconservationgoals.TheBDMLRteamalsorespondstoemergenciesinvolvingothermarinewildlife,likewhalesanddolphins.Lizzirecallsseveralsuccessfuloperations,includingtherescueofstranded(擱淺的)dolphinsandaturtlethatrequiredspecializedcare.Lizzi’sstoryisnotjustaboutrescuingmarineanimals;it’saproofofthepowerofcommunityinvolvementandtheimpactofindividualsonenvironmentalconservation.1.WhatinspiredLizzitoprotectthemarinewildlife?A.Oneofhertripstotheseaside. B.IncreasingprofitsfromherAirbnb.C.Herloveforthemarinecreatures. D.Moreandmoreinjuredmarineanimals.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthesealhospitalfromParagraph2?A.Ithasbeeninoperationforfiveyears.B.Itprovidesaseparatespaceforeachseal.C.Itisthelargestrecoverycenterinthearea.D.Itofferstemporaryhelptoinjuredanimals.3.WhatmessagedoesBDMLR’ssuccessconveyaccordingtoLizzi?A.AllroadsleadtoRome. B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Everycloudhasasilverlining. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aprofessionalguidetosealrescue.B.Challengesofmarinewildliferecovery.C.ThejourneyofamarineliferescuerinCornwall.D.Theimpactofhumanactivitiesonmarineecosystems.【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文通過描述LizziLarbalestier在Cornwall為海洋野生動物保護(hù)所做的努力，強(qiáng)調(diào)了個人和團(tuán)隊在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的重要作用。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thiseffortcameastheresultoftheincreasingincidentsofmarineanimalssufferingfromhuman-relatedinjuriesandthelackofspecializedcarefacilitiesintheregion.(這一努力是由于越來越多的海洋動物受到與人類有關(guān)的傷害，以及該區(qū)域缺乏專門的護(hù)理設(shè)施)”可知，越來越多的海洋動物因?yàn)槿祟惢顒邮軅胰狈I(yè)的照料設(shè)施，這促使Lizzi想要保護(hù)海洋動物。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Afterinitialtreatment,sealsareoftenmovedtolargerrecoverycentersforfurthercarebeforetheirreleasebackintothewild.(經(jīng)過最初的治療后，海豹通常會被轉(zhuǎn)移到更大的康復(fù)中心進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的護(hù)理，然后再被放歸野外)”可知，海豹醫(yī)院為受傷的動物提供暫時的幫助。故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“LizziowesthesuccessofBDMLR’soperationstothecollectiveeffortofallvolunteers,emphasizingtheimportanceofteamworkinachievingtheirconservationgoals.(Lizzi將BDMLR的成功歸功于所有志愿者的集體努力，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了團(tuán)隊合作在實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)目標(biāo)中的重要性)”可知，根據(jù)Lizzi的說法，BDMLR的成功說明了人多好辦事。故選B。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“InthesceniccoastalcityofCornwall,LizziLarbalestierhasbecomeabeaconofhopeformarine(海洋的)wildlife.AsacommittedvolunteerforBritishDiversMarineLifeRescue(BDMLR),herjourneybeganwithtransformingherAirbnb,anonlineplatformthatallowspeopletorentouttheirhomesoraccommodationstotravelers,intoatemporaryhavenforinjuredseals.(在風(fēng)景秀麗的海濱城市康沃爾，莉茲·拉巴萊斯蒂爾已經(jīng)成為海洋野生動物的希望燈塔。作為英國潛水員海洋生命救援組織的一名忠實(shí)志愿者，她的旅程始于將她的Airbnb(一個允許人們將房屋或住宿出租給旅行者的在線平臺)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭軅１呐R時避難所)”結(jié)合文章講述了LizziLarbalestier在Cornwall為海洋野生動物保護(hù)所做的努力，因此C項(xiàng)“一名海洋生物救援者在康沃爾的旅程”最能概括本文大意。故選C?！疚恼麓笠忸}專練05】（2024·湖北武漢·模擬預(yù)測）Whenheflaggedmedown,Ithoughthewasaneldercollectinga“customsfee”,thefewdollarsitcoststousevillageroadsthatleadtomanyofSamoa’ssights.He’dbeensittinglazilyinagreyingroadsideshack(棚子)builtforsuchoccasions.NormallyIwouldn’tpickupafreerider.ButItriedtoliveoutadream.I’dwantedtogotoPulemeleiMoundsinceI’dhearditmentionedinanarchaeologyclassyearsago.The“mound”isactuallyapyramid40feethighandroughly200feetacrossatitsbase.So,Iasked,“DoyouknowhowtogettoPulemeleiMound?”“Mmm,”hesaid,raisinghiseyebrowsintheclassicPolynesiangesturefor“yes”.“Ineedtopickupmycaratthemechanicbutnohurry,I’lltakeyoutherefirstifyouwant.”You’dthinkthatagiantpyramidwouldbeamajorsight,oratleastsomethingmanypeoplehadheardof,butitisn’t.Myaccidentalfriend’sraiseoftheeyebrowswasthemostpromisingprospectI’dhadinaweek.Wedrovealongtheroadinsilenceforafewminutes.Thenmynewfriendbrokethesilenceand,meanwhile,myhopes.“I’veneverbeentoPulemelei,”hesaid.“I’velivedherebutIneverthoughtofgoing.”Myheartsank.Butwepressedon,crossingastream,walkingthroughwaist-highgrass,andthenanothermileofhotwalkuntilwefoundasign.There,barelyvisible,werethewords:“PulemeleiMound150m”.Thesignmarkedadarktunnelofjungle.Thenthepathopenedtoraysofsunshine.Weclimbed.Andthen,magic.Wewerestandingontopo