湖南省岳陽(yáng)市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

岳陽(yáng)市2024年高中教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)試卷高一英語(yǔ)本試卷共12頁(yè)，共67道小題，滿分120分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、考號(hào)、姓名和座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡指定位置。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi);如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無(wú)效。4.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，只交答題卡。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whocuttheman’shairthistime?A.Ahairdresser.B.Hisfather.C.Hismother.2.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Lendherabook.B.Gotravelingwithher.C.Givehersomesuggestions.3.Whathavesportsmainlyhelpedthewomando?A.Makefriends.B.Improvehealth.C.Performbetteratwork.4.Whenwillthemeetingprobablystart?A.At5:30p.m.B.At5:40p.m.C.At5:50p.m.5.WhyisSarahunabletoattendtheevent?A.Sheisill.B.Sheistraveling.C.Sheisbusyworking.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthewomandoingintheconversation?A.Doingajobinterview.B.Sellingaproduct.C.Sharinghersuccessstory.7.WhatdidthewomanuseAItodo?A.Shecreatedawebsite.B.Shestartedabusiness.C.Shedesignedposts.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atapark.B.Atapetshop.C.Atthewoman’shome.9.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Writerandfan.B.Radiohostandguest.C.Teacherandstudent.11.Whattypeofbookarethespeakersdiscussing?A.AfictionnovelB.AtextbookC.Asciencebook12.Whatkindoflanguageisusedinthebook?A.Professionallanguage.B.Simplelanguage.C.Funnylanguage.13.Whichsubjectwasthewomangoodatinschool?A.Math.B.Science.C.English.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。14.Whereisthebiggestareaofrubbishlocated?A.InthePacificOcean.B.IntheIndianOcean.C.IntheAtlanticOcean.15.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttherubbishareasintheoceans?A.Discouraged.B.Uninterested.C.Shocked.16.Whatdopeoplemainlyfindintherubbish?AMetal.B.Plastic.C.Glass.17.Whatisthebestwaytodealwiththerubbishaccordingtothewoman?A.Puttingitundertheocean.B.Usingspecialboatstocollectit.C.Recyclingitbeforeitgetsintotheocean.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。18.Whatwillthespeakerstudyatuniversity?A.History.B.Buildingdesign.C.Hotelmanagement.19.Whatdidthespeaker’sfatherofferher?A.Aflightticket.B.Atraditionalwinebottle.C.Alistofmust-seebuildings.20.HowmanyfloorsdoestheCITICTowerhaveintotal?A.108floors.B.115floors.C.128floors.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWelcometoPodcasts!Accordingtothesurvey:thisweek’smostpopularbooks,wehighlyrecommendfourbookstoyou.WhenSheWasPrincessIn1945,thewomanwhowastobecomeQueenElizabethII(andrecentlycelebrated70yearsontheBritishthrone)wasaged19,keenlyawareofthedutiesofthecrownandalreadyshowingsignsofaquietdeterminationtofacethechallengesthatlayahead.ParentalAsAnything,withMaggieDentParentingauthorMaggieDentshareswhattodoifyourkidsarefightingovereverylittlethingandothercommonparentingdilemmas.Therearepracticaltipsandanswersoneverythingaffectingchildrenofallagesfromshynesstoscreentime,avoidinghomeworktotantrumsandmore.GetMovingKeepMovingPassionateaboutpsychologyandexercisescience,DrSpencehascombinedthetwointhisbooktoexplorewhyexerciselosesitslustre(光澤)asweage,andshowsushowthechallengeofreturningtoexercisecanbeovercomeandthepossibilitiesthiscreatesforageingwell.Usingpersonalstories,thiseasy-to-readguideempowersreaderstotakechargeoftheirhealth,reconnectwiththeirphysicalself,andsetthemselvesupforalonger,healthierlife.The“HarryPotter”SeriesbyJ.K.RowlingonAudibleHarryPotterneedslittleintroduction,buttheaudiobooksavailableonAudible(subscription)canbeagreatwaytointroducekidstoHogwarts-andforthosewhohavereadthebooks,torevisitHarry,HermioneandRon.HOWTOGETPODCASTSTolistenontheweb:Inasearchengine,lookupTheCommune,forexample,andclickontheplaybutton.Todownload:DownloadanappsuchasPodcatchersoriTunesonyourphoneortabletandsimplysearchbytitle.1.Whichbooktalksabouthowtogetalongwithkidsintheirfamily?A.WhenSheWasPrincess B.ParentalAsAnythingC.GetMovingKeepMoving D.The‘HarryPotter’Series2.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.J.K.RowlingintroducesadultstoHogwarts.B.MaggieDentshareshowtosticktoexercise.C.QueenElizabethIIcameintopowerwhenshewas19.D.DrSpenceusespersonalstoriestoleadreaderstoliveahealthierlife.3.Whatcolumn(專欄)inamagazinemightthepassagecomefrom?A.Literature. B.Health. C.Sports. D.Science.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)的情況。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ParentingauthorMaggieDentshareswhattodoifyourkidsarefightingovereverylittlethingandothercommonparentingdilemmas.Therearepracticaltipsandanswersoneverythingaffectingchildrenofallagesfromshynesstoscreentime,avoidinghomeworktotantrumsandmore.(育兒作家瑪吉·登特分享了如果你的孩子為每一件小事和其他常見(jiàn)的育兒困境而爭(zhēng)吵時(shí)該怎么做。從害羞到看屏幕，從逃避作業(yè)到發(fā)脾氣等等影響各個(gè)年齡段孩子的事情，都有實(shí)用的建議和答案)”可知，ParentalAsAnything講的是如何與家里的孩子相處。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Usingpersonalstories,thiseasy-to-readguideempowersreaderstotakechargeoftheirhealth,reconnectwiththeirphysicalself,andsetthemselvesupforalonger,healthierlife.(通過(guò)個(gè)人故事，這本易于閱讀的指南使讀者能夠掌控自己的健康，重新與他們的身體自我聯(lián)系，并為更長(zhǎng)壽，更健康的生活做好準(zhǔn)備)”可知，斯賓塞博士用個(gè)人故事引導(dǎo)讀者過(guò)上更健康的生活。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WelcometoPodcasts!Accordingtothesurvey:thisweek’smostpopularbooks,wehighlyrecommendfourbookstoyou.(歡迎來(lái)到播客！根據(jù)調(diào)查：本周最受歡迎的書(shū)，我們向你強(qiáng)烈推薦四本書(shū))”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四本暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)的情況。由此推知，文章也許選自雜志的文學(xué)專欄。故選A。BAsanundergraduateinMumbai,India,SaadBhamladosomethingrewardingforhisgrandparents.Theproblemwas,hisgrandparentssufferedfromage-relatedhearinglossanddesperatelyneededhearingaids.Saad’sheartsankwhenhediscoveredthatthepriceswereshockinglyhighandfarbeyondhismeans.Determinedtofindasolution,hedevotedhimselftohisstudiesandresearch.Now,15yearslater,theprofessorhasinventedadevicetohelptheoldacrosstheglobe:Acheaphearingaid.Thepracticaldevice,describedinanewstudy,couldhelprestorehearingtomillionssufferingfromage-relatedhearinglossforlessthanthepriceofabottleofwater.Thedeviceisthesizeofamatchboxandcanbewornlikeanecklace.Atbulk(批量)rates,Bhamlasays,itwouldcostjustunder$1tomake.Inlowandmiddle-incomecountries,only3%ofpeoplewithage-relatedhearinglosswearhearingaids,andincountriesliketheUnitedStates,theadoptionratehovers(徘徊)atabout20%,accordingtoBhamla.Asidefromconcernsaboutcost,Bhamlasays,“alotofpeopledon’trealizetheyhavehearinglossandthenthereisthesocialprejudiceofwearingtheaid.Thosewiththeaidswouldbelookeddownupon.”Bhamlaadded“Ifthesecost-effectivedeviceswereputintouse,theycouldbenefitmanypeople.Intheory,ifhearingproblemsarealleviated(緩解),people’scognitivepathwayswillbechanged,theriskofAlzheimer’sdiseasereduced.”Bhamlawantsbiomedicaldevicestobeascheapandaccessibleasconsumerelectronics.Hestillrememberstheexperienceoflearningthathecouldn’taffordtohelphisgrandparents.“IthoughtowningalaptopandacellphonemeantIhadthemeanstopurchasehearingaids,butthenIrealizedhowexpensivetheywere,”herecalls.“SoIunderstoodtheworldmoreclearly.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restore”inparagraph2probablymean?ADamage. B.Recover. C.Repeat. D.Remember.5.WhichisNOTthereasonforalowpercentageofhearingaidsadoptionaroundtheworld?A.Somepeopleareunawareoftheirhearingloss. B.Somepeopleareconcernedaboutthehighprice.C.Somepeopletakenonoticeofsocialprejudice. D.Somepeopleareafraidofbeinglookeddownupon.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Bhamlawantstomakealotofmoneyfromhisinvention.BBhamlawantstomakehearingaidsaffordableforpeople.C.Bhamlawasunwillingtobuyhearingaidsforhisgrandparents.D.Bhamlastartedtounderstandthemeaningofowninghearingaids.7.WhatkindofpersonisSaadBhamla?A.Persistentandcreative. B.Stubbornandproud.C.Independentandeasy-going. D.Intelligentandhonest.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了印度孟買(mǎi)的一名教授SaadBhamla花費(fèi)15年時(shí)間發(fā)明了一種廉價(jià)的助聽(tīng)器，幫助數(shù)百萬(wàn)因年齡而聽(tīng)力受損的人恢復(fù)聽(tīng)力。【4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Theproblemwas,hisgrandparentssufferedfromage-relatedhearinglossanddesperatelyneededhearingaids.Saad’sheartsankwhenhediscoveredthatthepriceswereshockinglyhighandfarbeyondhismeans.(問(wèn)題是，他的祖父母患有與年齡有關(guān)的聽(tīng)力損失，迫切需要助聽(tīng)器。當(dāng)薩阿德發(fā)現(xiàn)價(jià)格高得驚人，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出他的承受能力時(shí)，他的心一沉)”和劃線詞上文“Thepracticaldevice,describedinanewstudy,couldhelp”以及后文“hearingtomillionssufferingfromage-relatedhearinglossforlessthanthepriceofabottleofwater”可知，這位教授的祖父母聽(tīng)力損失，需要助聽(tīng)器，但是價(jià)格很高，于是教授發(fā)明了這種設(shè)備，來(lái)幫助數(shù)百萬(wàn)因年齡而聽(tīng)力受損的人恢復(fù)聽(tīng)力，而價(jià)格還不到一瓶水的價(jià)格。故劃線詞意思是“恢復(fù)”。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Asidefromconcernsaboutcost,Bhamlasays,“alotofpeopledon’trealizetheyhavehearinglossandthenthereisthesocialprejudiceofwearingtheaid.Thosewiththeaidswouldbelookeddownupon.”(除了對(duì)成本的擔(dān)憂，巴姆拉說(shuō)：“很多人沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們有聽(tīng)力損失，而且佩戴助聽(tīng)器還有社會(huì)偏見(jiàn)。那些有助聽(tīng)器的人會(huì)被瞧不起的?！?”可知，高昂的價(jià)格、有些人沒(méi)意識(shí)到自己的聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題、社會(huì)偏見(jiàn)是助聽(tīng)器使用率低的原因。C項(xiàng)“有些人不注意社會(huì)偏見(jiàn)”不是全球助聽(tīng)器使用率低的原因。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Bhamlawantsbiomedicaldevicestobeascheapandaccessibleasconsumerelectronics.Hestillrememberstheexperienceoflearningthathecouldn’taffordtohelphisgrandparents.“IthoughtowningalaptopandacellphonemeantIhadthemeanstopurchasehearingaids,butthenIrealizedhowexpensivetheywere,”herecalls.“SoIunderstoodtheworldmoreclearly.”(Bhamla希望生物醫(yī)學(xué)設(shè)備能像消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品一樣便宜和容易獲得。他仍然記得得知自己負(fù)擔(dān)不起幫助祖父母的經(jīng)歷。“我以為擁有一臺(tái)筆記本電腦和一部手機(jī)就意味著我有能力購(gòu)買(mǎi)助聽(tīng)器，但后來(lái)我意識(shí)到它們有多貴，”他回憶道?！八晕腋宄亓私饬诉@個(gè)世界?！?”可知，Bhamla希望讓人們能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起助聽(tīng)器。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Determinedtofindasolution,hedevotedhimselftohisstudiesandresearch.Now,15yearslater,theprofessorhasinventedadevicetohelptheoldacrosstheglobe:Acheaphearingaid.(為了找到解決辦法，他全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)和研究中。15年后的今天，這位教授發(fā)明了一種幫助全球老年人的設(shè)備：一種廉價(jià)的助聽(tīng)器)”可知，SaadBhamla為了解決助聽(tīng)器太貴的問(wèn)題，全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)和研究中，最后發(fā)明出了便宜的助聽(tīng)器，說(shuō)明他是一個(gè)有毅力，有創(chuàng)造力的人。故選A。CResearchershaveextensivelyexploredwhethertimeofdayaffectsexercisebenefitsandperformance.Althoughmorningworkoutsmaybethegreatestforcircadianrhythms(晝夜節(jié)律),afternoonexercisetendstobeslightlymoreefficient.Overall,giventhebenefitsofexercise,thebesttimetoworkoutformostpeopleiswhenevertheycanfititintotheirschedules.Akeypartofstartingtoexerciseischoosingwhentoworkout.Morning,afternoon,orevening:Whichtimeisbest?Scientistshavestudiedthisdilemmaextensively.Forfreshexercisers,morningworkoutsareoftenthemostterrible.Tradingacozybedforanunforgivingfitnesscentercanbearudeawakeningtosaytheleast.Butmorningworkoutshavetheiradvantages.Challengingthebodyproducesendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽),upliftingone’smoodfollowingeffort.Thesechemicals,alongwithafewothers,boostenergylevels,alertness,andfocus,whichcanmakeyoumoreproductiveandattentiveatwork.Butearlyexercisersmaynotbeabletoachievepeakperformance.Strongermuscles,fewerstoredenergyreservesfromovernightfasting(夜間禁食),andaslightlycoolerbodytemperatureinthemorningadduptoinfluenceexerciseoutput.Therefore,moreanxiousexercisersmightpreferworkingoutintheafternoon.Exerciseitselfmayalsobemoreefficientintheafternoon.Forexample,inonestudy,youngmeninstructedtocycletoexhaustionatasetdifficultywereabletoride20%longerintheafternooncomparedtothemorning.Areviewofstudiesalsofoundthatmusclestrength,musclepower,andrunningabilitiesallpeakedintheafternoon,toppingmorningperformancebyanywherefrom3%to20%.Finally,somefolksmaydecidetoworkoutlaterintheevening.Studiescenteredaroundthistimeofdaytendtofocusonwhetherornotnightlyexercisenegativelyimpactssleepquality.Gatheredresearchsuggestsitdoesnotand,instead,actuallyimprovessleep.So,takingeverythingintoaccount,whenisthebesttimetoexercise?Thereactuallyisastraightforwardanswer!Ifyou’renotabouttogotosleep,ifyou’vegotsomefreetimeonyourhands,andifyouhaven’talreadyexercisedtoday,thebesttimetoexerciseisnow.8.Whenisthebesttimeforpeopletoexerciseaccordingtotheresearch?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening. D.Whenevertheyareavailable.9.Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofmorningexercise?A.Improvingone’smoodfollowingeffort.B.Producingmorechemicalsinthebody.C.Increasingenergylevel,alertnessandfocus.D.Makingyoumoreefficientandconcentratedatwork.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Exerciseefficiencyincreasesinthemorning.B.Nightlyexerciseseriouslyinfluencessleepquality.C.Moreanxiousexerciserspreferexercisingintheafternoon.D.Afternoonexercisemighthaveanadvantageovermorningexercise.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatcanexercisebringtous? B.Areyoureadytoexercisenow?C.Whenisthebesttimetoexercise? D.Howcanyouchoosethebesttimetoexercise?【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章主要以“什么時(shí)間是最佳鍛煉時(shí)間”為話題進(jìn)行了討論，作者分析了早晨鍛煉，下午鍛煉和晚間鍛煉分別帶來(lái)的好處，最后總結(jié)，其實(shí)并沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案。如果你不打算睡覺(jué)，如果你有一些空閑時(shí)間，如果你今天還沒(méi)有鍛煉，那么現(xiàn)在就是鍛煉的最佳時(shí)間?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Overall,giventhebenefitsofexercise,thebesttimetoworkoutformostpeopleiswhenevertheycanfititintotheirschedules.(總的來(lái)說(shuō)，考慮到鍛煉的好處，對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，鍛煉的最佳時(shí)間是他們能將其納入自己的時(shí)間表的時(shí)候)”可知，對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)他們可以將鍛煉這一件事情安排到自己的時(shí)間表的時(shí)候，就是最佳時(shí)間，即有空鍛煉的時(shí)候就是最佳時(shí)間。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Butmorningworkoutshavetheiradvantages.Challengingthebodyproducesendorphins,upliftingone’smoodfollowingeffort.Thesechemicals,alongwithafewothers,boostenergylevels,alertness,andfocus,whichcanmakeyoumoreproductiveandattentiveatwork.(但是晨練也有它的好處。挑戰(zhàn)身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生內(nèi)啡肽，使人在努力后心情振奮。這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)和其他一些物質(zhì)一起，可以提高能量水平、警覺(jué)性和注意力，讓你在工作中更有效率、更專注)”可知，晨練的好處是可以使身體產(chǎn)生內(nèi)啡肽，心情振奮，與身體內(nèi)其他物質(zhì)一起提高能量水平，警覺(jué)性和注意力，從而工作起來(lái)更有效率，更專注。選項(xiàng)B“Producingmorechemicalsinthebody.(在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生更多的化學(xué)物質(zhì))”并未在好處中提及。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段內(nèi)容“Exerciseitselfmayalsobemoreefficientintheafternoon.(鍛煉本身在下午也可能更有效)”以及“Areviewofstudiesalsofoundthatmusclestrength,musclepower,andrunningabilitiesallpeakedintheafternoon,toppingmorningperformancebyanywherefrom3%to20%.(一項(xiàng)研究綜述還發(fā)現(xiàn)，肌肉力量、體力和跑步能力都在下午達(dá)到頂峰，比早上的表現(xiàn)高出3%到20%)”可知，下午鍛煉的效果可能更好，肌肉力量，體力以及跑步能力都能在下午達(dá)到頂峰，比早上表現(xiàn)得好。由此推知，下午鍛煉可能比早晨鍛煉有好處。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通過(guò)閱讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章第二段內(nèi)容“Akeypartofstartingtoexerciseischoosingwhentoworkout.Morning,afternoon,orevening:Whichtimeisbest?(開(kāi)始鍛煉的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分是選擇什么時(shí)候鍛煉。早上、下午還是晚上：哪個(gè)時(shí)間最好？)”提出了文章的核心話題，即最佳鍛煉時(shí)間是什么時(shí)候，并在后文對(duì)各個(gè)時(shí)間段鍛煉進(jìn)行了效果分析。由此可知，選項(xiàng)C“Whenisthebesttimetoexercise?(什么時(shí)候是鍛煉的最佳時(shí)間？)”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。DForthefirsttime,researchershavesuccessfullytransplantedgeneticallymodified(基因改良的)pigheartsintotwodeadhumanswhowereonlifesupport.Therecipients(接受者),whosefamiliesdonatedtheirbodiesfortheprocedures,hadbeendeclaredbrain-dead.ThetwosurgeriestookplaceatNYULangoneHealth’sTischHospitalinNewYorkCity.ThefirstrecipientwasLarryKelly,a73-year-oldmanwhohadhadtwoopen-heartsurgeriesbefore.Informationonthesecondrecipienthasn’tyetbeenshared.Afterthetransplants,thetworecipientswereobservedfor72hours.Therewerenosignsofrejection(排斥)andtheheartsfunctionednormally.Xenotransplantationoffersapossiblesolutiontotheshortageofdonororgans.IntheUSalone,morethan105,000peoplearewaitingforanorgantransplant,and17dieeachday.Butamajorconcernwithusinganimalorgansistransplantrejection—whentheimmunesystemattackstheorgan,eventuallycausingittofail.Toavoidthis,NaderMoazamiatNYULangoneHealthandhiscolleaguesusedheartsfrompigswith10geneticmodifications.Fourturnedoffgenesknowntoincreasetheriskoftransplantrejectionandabnormalorgangrowth.Theothersixwereinsertedhumangenesthatreduceincompatibilities(不相容性)betweenbiologicalpathwaysinpigsandhumans.Infectionwithanimalvirusesisanotherpossiblerisk.Whiletheviruscan’tinfecthumancells,itdidinfectthetransplantedorgan,potentiallycontributingtohisdeath.Forthetworecenttransplants,MontgomeryatNewYorkUniversityLangoneHealthsaidtheyusedspecializedproceduresthatcandetectlowlevelsofthevirusandscreenforotherpigdiseases.“Itwasoneofthemostamazingthingstoseeapigheartbeatinginsidethechestofahumanbeing.Itisagreathonortowitnessthatinmylifetime,”saidMontgomery.“Thisisacompletelynewfield.”12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofobservation. B.Thefunctionofthetwosurgeries.C.Thebasicinformationaboutthetwosurgeries. D.Thepersonalinformationofthetworecipients.13.Whydidtheauthorlistthesefiguresinparagraph3?A.Toreflecttheshortageofdonororgans.B.Tointroducetheideaoftransplantrejection.C.TostressthepotentialimportanceofXenotransplantation.D.Toshowconcernforpeoplewaitingforanorgantransplant.14.WhatdidthestudyledbyMoazamifocuson?A.Waystodealwithabnormalorgangrowth.B.Incompatibilitiesbetweenpigsandhumans.C.Specializedprocessdetectinglevelsofviruses.D.Geneticmodificationstoreducetransplantrejection.15.WhatisMontgomery’sattitudetowardtheirstudies?A.Unclear. B.Neutral. C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了異種移植已經(jīng)成功的應(yīng)用到人類(lèi)身上，科學(xué)家們正在想辦法減少移植排斥反應(yīng)。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThetwosurgeriestookplaceatNYULangoneHealth’sTischHospitalinNewYorkCity.(這兩次手術(shù)都是在紐約大學(xué)LangoneHealth’sTisch醫(yī)院進(jìn)行的。)”和全段內(nèi)容可知，文章第二段主要講的是兩次手術(shù)的基本信息。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Xenotransplantationoffersapossiblesolutiontotheshortageofdonororgans.IntheUSalone,morethan105,000peoplearewaitingforanorgantransplant,and17dieeachday.(異種移植為供體器官短缺提供了一個(gè)可能的解決方案。僅在美國(guó)，就有超過(guò)10.5萬(wàn)人在等待器官移植，每天有17人死亡。)”可知，作者在第3段列出這些數(shù)字是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)異種移植的潛在重要性。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butamajorconcernwithusinganimalorgansistransplantrejection—whentheimmunesystemattackstheorgan,eventuallycausingittofail.(但是使用動(dòng)物器官的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題是移植排斥反應(yīng)——當(dāng)免疫系統(tǒng)攻擊器官時(shí)，最終導(dǎo)致器官衰竭。)”第四段中“Toavoidthis,NaderMoazamiatNYULangoneHealthandhiscolleaguesusedheartsfrompigswith10geneticmodifications.(為了避免這種情況，紐約大學(xué)Langone健康中心的NaderMoazami和他的同事使用了經(jīng)過(guò)10個(gè)基因修改的豬心臟。)”可知，Moazami領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注的是基因修改減少移植排斥反應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Itwasoneofthemostamazingthingstoseeapigheartbeatinginsidethechestofahumanbeing.Itisagreathonortowitnessthatinmylifetime,’saidMontgomery.‘Thisisacompletelynewfield.’(Montgomery說(shuō)：‘看到一個(gè)人的心臟在胸腔里跳動(dòng)是最神奇的事情之一。能在我的有生之年見(jiàn)證這一切是我的榮幸。這是一個(gè)全新的領(lǐng)域。’)”可知，Montgomery對(duì)他們的研究的態(tài)度是樂(lè)觀的。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。BeyondBurnoutTheworldisseriouslystressedout.Weallgetbusysometimes,butfeelingconstantlyworriedandoverwhelmedcanleadtoburnout,whichcanhaveseriousresults.____16____.LookformeaningatworkWecantoleratestresslongerifwebelievewe’redoingsomethingpurposefulandworthwhile.We’remorelikelytoexperiencemorestresswhensomethingseemsoutofourcontrol,againstourwillortotallymeaningless.Takestockof(仔細(xì)審視)what’sonyourplate.____17____.____18____Ignoring(忽視)yourdietoreatingfastfoodsorcomfortfoodscanbecomeawayofdealingwithstress,butitwillreducenutrientsnecessarytobringenergy.Manyindividualsarelessactivewhenunderstress.____19____.Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps“complete”thestresscycle.RecognizewhenithasbecometoomuchIt’sverycommonforsuperiorstocontinuetoincreasetasksovertime.Ifwedon’tcommunicateourneedsorlimitations,theymaybeignored.____20____.FornurseWendyReynolds,directorofahospitalintensivecareunit,stresshadalwaysbeenpartofthejob.Shesolvedherburnoutproblembystartingadifferentrolewhereshecanmanageherwork-lifebalancewhilestillhavingasatisfyingcareer.Ifyoudofeelburntout,therapycanhelpyouprocesswork-relatedstressandlearncopingstrategies,anditcanteachyoutocommunicatewithyouremployerandsethealthyboundaries.A.HaveahealthydietB.Don’tignoreyourselfC.ThisisparticularlytrueinthehospitalD.Butmovementisthemostnaturalresponsetoourbody’sstressE.Ifyoudon’texpectthingswillimprove,considerchangingjobsorevencareersF.Ifyoucan,cutoneortwoofthosethingsthatdon’tpersonallygiveyoumeaningG.Beforesituationgetsworse,thereareseveralstepsyoucantaketopreventburnout【答案】16.G17.F18.B19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)步驟來(lái)緩解壓力防止過(guò)度疲勞?！?6題詳解】上文“Weallgetbusysometimes,butfeelingconstantlyworriedandoverwhelmedcanleadtoburnout,whichcanhaveseriousresults.(我們有時(shí)都會(huì)很忙，但持續(xù)的擔(dān)憂和不堪重負(fù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致過(guò)度疲勞，這可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果。)”說(shuō)明壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致過(guò)度疲勞，選項(xiàng)G“在情況變得更糟之前，你可以采取幾個(gè)步驟來(lái)防止過(guò)度疲勞”承接上文，引出文章主題“對(duì)防止過(guò)度疲勞給予一些建議”。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Wecantoleratestresslongerifwebelievewe’redoingsomethingpurposefulandworthwhile.We’remorelikelytoexperiencemorestresswhensomethingseemsoutofourcontrol,againstourwillortotallymeaningless.Takestockof(仔細(xì)審視)what’sonyourplate.(如果我們相信自己在做有目的、有價(jià)值的事情，我們就能更長(zhǎng)久地忍受壓力。當(dāng)一些事情似乎超出我們的控制，違背我們的意愿或完全沒(méi)有意義時(shí)，我們更有可能感受到更多的壓力。盤(pán)點(diǎn)一下你盤(pán)子里的都有什么。)”說(shuō)明要選擇有意義的事情去做，盤(pán)點(diǎn)一下自己眼前都有什么事情，選項(xiàng)F“如果可以的話，刪去一兩個(gè)對(duì)你個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有意義的事情”承接上文，建議把沒(méi)有意義的事情刪去。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Ignoring(忽視)yourdietoreatingfastfoodsorcomfortfoodscanbecomeawayofdealingwithstress,butitwillreducenutrientsnecessarytobringenergy.(忽略你的飲食，吃快餐或安慰食品可以成為應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的一種方式，但它會(huì)減少提供能量所必需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。)”和“Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps‘complete’thestresscycle.(雖然現(xiàn)在你不必從美洲獅面前逃跑，即使是輕微的運(yùn)動(dòng)也有助于‘完成’壓力循環(huán)。)”說(shuō)明不能忽視自己，要重視自己的飲食和鍛煉，選項(xiàng)B“不要忽視自己”概括本段主題，適合做小標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Manyindividualsarelessactivewhenunderstress.(許多人在壓力下不太積極。)”說(shuō)明壓力造成不積極，選項(xiàng)D“但是運(yùn)動(dòng)是對(duì)我們身體壓力的最自然的反應(yīng)”轉(zhuǎn)折上文語(yǔ)義，建議進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，下文“Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps‘complete’thestresscycle.(雖然現(xiàn)在你不必從美洲獅面前逃跑，即使是輕微的運(yùn)動(dòng)也有助于‘完成’壓力循環(huán)。)”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，即便輕微的運(yùn)動(dòng)都是有益的。選項(xiàng)中movement和下文中詞匯重疊，語(yǔ)義一致，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“It’sverycommonforsuperiorstocontinuetoincreasetasksovertime.Ifwedon’tcommunicateourneedsorlimitations,theymaybeignored.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，上司不斷增加任務(wù)是很常見(jiàn)的。如果我們不溝通我們的需要或限制，它們可能會(huì)被忽視。)”說(shuō)明工作壓力越來(lái)越大，我們的需求和限制有可能被忽視，選項(xiàng)E“如果你預(yù)料情況不會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)，那就考慮換工作，甚至換職業(yè)”承接上文，建議在不會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的情況下考慮換工作。下文“Shesolvedherburnoutproblembystartingadifferentrolewhereshecanmanageherwork-lifebalancewhilestillhavingasatisfyingcareer.(她通過(guò)開(kāi)始一個(gè)不同的角色來(lái)解決自己的倦怠問(wèn)題，在這個(gè)角色中，她可以管理自己的工作與生活平衡，同時(shí)仍然有一個(gè)令人滿意的職業(yè)。)”舉例說(shuō)明她改換不同的角色解決了問(wèn)題，和選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義一致。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonsJimmyandTommya(n)____21____environmentforpersonalgrowth.ThisEast-meets-Westcouplestarted____22____whiletheiryoungersonwasstillababyin2003.Mostoftheirtripsarefarfromthehot____23____recommendedbytravelguidebooks.“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,____24____,butthere’safeel-goodfactorwhenyoupassatestofsomekind,”Simonwroteinthefamily’snewlypublishedtravelmemoir(回憶錄)PagesofDiscovery.Simonattachesgreatimportanceto____25____outoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,____26____thatexperienceoftheworldoutside,withdifferentlanguages,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,isthereal____27____ground.Childreninthisinternationalfamilydidnothavethe____28____toperformonschooltests,buttheyhad“____29____”ontheroad.Liaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,_____30_____mapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnot_____31_____improvetestscores,willbenefittheminlaterlife.Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersand_____32_____theirchosenstudyatuniversity.One_____33_____worldhistorytheotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsosharea(n)_____34_____inhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.Theyarenowplanningtofollowintheirfather’sfootstepswithanew4,500-kmhikeontheGreatWall.“Myparentsviewtheworldasabig_____35_____,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries(受益人),”Jimmysays.21.A.good B.unique C.normal D.equal22.A.hiking B.working C.suffering D.traveling23.A.parks B.spots C.mountains D.cities24.A.challenging B.simple C.negative D.pleasant25.A.performing B.reading C.learning D.exercising26.A.and B.so C.but D.or27.A.testing B.studying C.playing D.sleeping28.A.problems B.potential C.reason D.pressure29.A.homework B.option C.joy D.adventure30.A.admire B.draw C.find D.ignore31.A.slowly B.usually C.continuously D.directly32.A.damaged B.updated C.influenced D.changed33.A.takesup B.makesup C.passesdown D.takesin34.A.activity B.interest C.lecture D.band35.A.village B.forum C.classroom D.family【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.A25.C26.C27.A28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一對(duì)東西方結(jié)合的夫婦帶著兩個(gè)孩子在世界各地旅行，走過(guò)各地的小路，讓他們?cè)谡嬲穆眯兄薪邮芸简?yàn)，做各種任務(wù)，為他們提供了獨(dú)特的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，這些經(jīng)歷塑造了兩個(gè)孩子的性格，影響了他們的專業(yè)選擇和興趣愛(ài)好，讓他們受益匪淺?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：彼得森·西蒙和他的妻子李靜走過(guò)世界各地的鄉(xiāng)間小路，為他們的兒子吉米和湯米提供了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境。A.good好的；B.unique獨(dú)特的；C.normal正常的；D.equal平等的。根據(jù)上文“PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpath”可知，夫妻兩人在世界各地旅行，由此推知，他們的孩子和其他孩子不同，個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境是獨(dú)特的。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2003年，當(dāng)他們的小兒子還是個(gè)嬰兒時(shí)，這對(duì)東西方結(jié)合的夫婦就開(kāi)始旅行了。A.hiking徒步；B.working工作；C.suffering遭受；D.traveling旅行。根據(jù)下文“Mostoftheirtrips”可知，夫妻兩人是在小兒子還很小的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始旅行了。故選D。23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的大部分旅行都遠(yuǎn)離旅游指南上推薦的熱門(mén)景點(diǎn)。A.parks公園；B.spots地點(diǎn)；C.mountains山脈；D.cities城市。根據(jù)上文“PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths”可知，夫妻兩人走過(guò)世界各地的鄉(xiāng)間小路，因此旅行的地方并非旅游指南上推薦的熱門(mén)景點(diǎn)，固定表達(dá)hotspot意為“熱門(mén)景點(diǎn)”。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“真正的旅行可能是艱難的