北京市海淀區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試 英語(yǔ) 含答案

海淀區(qū)高二年級(jí)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)2024.01學(xué)校班級(jí)姓名考生須知1.本試卷共8頁(yè)，共四個(gè)部分，53道小題。滿分100分?？荚嚂r(shí)間90分鐘。2.在試卷和答題紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫學(xué)校名稱、班級(jí)名稱、姓名。3.答案一律填涂或書寫在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。4.在答題紙上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其余題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5.考試結(jié)束，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：聽(tīng)力理解(共三節(jié)，16分)第一節(jié)(共4小題；每小題1分，共4分)聽(tīng)下面4段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atapostoffice.B.Ataflowerstore.C.Atarosegarden.2.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Playfootball.B.AskJimforhelp.C.Gotoashopnearby.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Feelingsaboutlearningforeignlanguages.B.Methodsoflearningforeignlanguages.C.Reasonsforlearningforeignlanguages.4.Whataretheytryingtodecide?A.Wheretotakeavacation.B.Whethertogoonaholiday.C.HowtotraveltotheAlpsinEurope.第二節(jié)(共6小題；每小題1分，共6分)聽(tīng)下面3段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽(tīng)完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。聽(tīng)第5段材料，回答第5至6小題。5.Whattroubledoesthewomanhave?A.Communicatingwithhermom.B.Understandinghermother.C.Expressingherfeelings.6.Whichsuggestionwillthewomanmostprobablytake?A.Writingaletter.B.Drawingapicture.C.Leavingamessage.聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第7至8小題。7.Whydoesthegirltalktotheboy?A.Toinvitehimtojoinherteam.B.Toaskhimforcontestdetails.C.Toencouragehimtojoininthecontest.8.Howdoestheboyfeelaboutthecontest?A.Interested.B.Stressed.C.Concerned.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第9至10小題。9.Whatmakesthemanfeelworriedabouttheuseoftechnology?A.Machinesarealwaysright.B.AIwillhaveharmfulpurposes.C.Peoplearetoodependentonit.10.Howshouldpeopledevelopandusetechnology?A.ByraisingtheawarenessofAI.B.Byimprovingeducationalskills.C.Byunderstandingitsbenefitsandrisks.第三節(jié)(共4小題；每小題1.5分，共6分)聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，完成第11至14四道小題，每小題僅填寫一個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)獨(dú)白前，你將有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀試題，聽(tīng)完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。這段獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。DifferentTypesofEducationFormaleducation·Teach_11_skillsaswellasmoreadvancedlessons·Beprovidedbyqualifiedteachersor_12_Informaleducation·Learnskillsoracquireknowledgefromhome,…·Learnfromthe_13_inone'scommunityNon-formaleducation·_14_atimetableandbesystemicallyaccomplished·Beflexibleintermsoftimeandnormallyhavenoagelimit第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Onthemorningofmyfirstmarathon,Iwokeupbeforemyalarmandateaclassicrunner'sbreakfastIhadslepteighthoursMyunreliableleftkneewasn'tbotheringmeIwas15Thenmygirlfriend,Louisa,knockedonthedoor,askingwhetherIhadcheckedmyemail.Raceofficialssentanemailat5a.m.announcingTheTwinCitiesMarathoninMinneapolisandSt.Paulhadbeen16duetorecordhightemperaturesWhileIunderstoodwhytheraceorganizersdidn'twanttoputrunnersat17,IalsoknewthatIhadtrainedinthebakingandhumidWashingtonD.C.allsummer.IfIcouldstartearlierthanplannedandfinisharoundnoon,I'dmisstheworst18ofthedayIwenttothestartinglineandsawmanyrunnersdespitethecancellation.IjoinedagroupoflocalrunnerswhoknewtherouteWhilerunning,Iwasoverfilledwith19tostillseeneighborswhogatheredoutsidetheirhouses20outbottlesofwaterastheywatchedrunnersgobyTherunnersandsupportersmadetheracefeellikearealmarathon,duringwhichthesharedgoalofreachingthefinishinglineandtheaffirmationsfromthecrowdsmademebelieveIcouldrunthe21raceThelastonemileoftheroutewasdownhill.Bythatpointintherace,mylegsfeltlikejelly.Butfromthetopofthehill,Icouldseedozensofsupporterscheeringrunnershome,which22metomoveon.Whenmysmartwatchfinallytickedto“26.2”miles,Icalledout“I'mdone”toLouisa,whohadbeengivingamuchneeded23alongthewayIletoutadrysobandgaveLouisaahugAftermonthsoftraining,theunexpectedemotionfeltlikeatotalrelease.Myfirstmarathonwascanceled,butIran262miles2415.A.readyB.stuckC.unfortunateD.surprised16.A.putoffB.calledoffC.wipedoutD.carriedout17.A.restB.willC.riskD.ease18.A.jamB.heatC.moodD.drought19.A.joyB.tensionC.fearD.peace20.A.pickingB.clearingC.pointingD.handing21.A.regularB.advancedC.entireD.competitive22.A.forcedB.expectedC.requiredD.encouraged23.A.speechB.boostC.solutionD.message24.A.lateB.soonC.anywayD.somewhat第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給出提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ABythetimeHelenKellerwassevenyearsold,shestillcouldn'tspeak,readorwriteandneededtohaveeverythingdoneforher.Withthesesevererestrictionstohercommunication,Helen'sbehaviorwasoften25(bear)Herparentsgotasuperbteacher26(recommend)tothem,awomannamedAnneSullivan.Anne,whosetechniquewassimpleandstraightforward,putanobjectintoHelen'shandandspeltoutthewordonherotherhandThepreciousknowledgeAnne27(teach)HelengaveherhopeandjoyAsHelengraspedthekey28language,shediscoveredmorecomplexwordsandeventuallyunderstoodthem.BTheeight-day-longholidayof2023beganwiththeMid-AutumnFestivalonFridayandincludedtheOct1NationalDayItwas29peoplecalledthelongestGoldenWeekBigcitieslikeBeijingandShanghaiwerefavoreddestinations.Smallercities,suchasChengduandXi’an,werealsopopular.InGuangzhouandShenzhen,extraovernighthighspeedtrains30(schedule)tocopewiththetravelincreaseduringthelongholidaySofar,bothdomesticandoverseastravels31(recover)significantlywithdomestictravelaccountingfornearlythreequartersofthetotal.CIntoday'sworld,everyonewantstobecomesuccessful.Mostofushavetheinitialmotivationtostartsomething,but32(accomplish)thattasksometimesturnsouttobeboringandhencewelosehopeofachievingitinthemiddleofthejourney.Consistency,however,isgenerallybelievedtobethemaindriverleadingtotheultimatesuccess,33meansstayingfocusedanddedicatingoneselftothegoalItistheability34(remain)committedtoataskorhabitwithoutwanderingfromitSo,wecansaythatconsistencyisthecriticalelementofsuccess.第三部分：閱讀理解(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共14小題；每小題2分,共28分)AConflictexistsinallrelationships.Byconflict,wespecificallymeanverbaldisagreementsandarguments.Peopledisagreesometimes,andthatisn'tnecessarilyabadthing—youhavetherighttohaveadifferentopinionfromyourpartner(s).What'simportantisthatyoucommunicateeffectivelyandinahealthywaythatallowsyoutounderstandeachotherbetterandmakeyourrelationshipstronger.TheLoveIsRespectYouthCouncilisanorganizationcreatedin2020asawaytodirectlyengagewithyouthaged12-17toaddresstheissuesofrelationships,includingmaintainingsafetywhensocializingonline,dealingwithpeerpressureatschoolandimprovingrelationshipswithparents.Herearesometipstohelpresolveconflictsinahealthyway.●FindtherealissueArgumentstendtohappenwhenyourwantsorneedsaren'tbeingmet.Trytogettotherealissuebehindyourargument.It'spossiblethatyouoryourpartnerarefeelinginsecureoryouaren'tbeingtreatedrespectfully,andareexpressingthosefeelingsthroughargumentsoverunrelatedthings.Learntotalkabouttherealissue,soyoucanavoidconstantfightingthatmaykeepyouawayfromtheheartoftheproblem.●CompromisewhenpossibleCompromiseisamajorpartofconflictresolutionandanysuccessfulrelationship,butitcanbehardtoactuallyachieve.Taketurnsmakingdecisionsaboutthingslikewhattoeatfordinner,orfindamiddlegroundthatallowsyoubothtofeelsatisfiedwiththeoutcome.●ConsideritallIftheissueyou'rearguingoverchangeshowyoufeelabouteachotherorforcesyoutocompromiseyourbeliefsormorals,it'simportantthatyoustressyourposition.Ifnot,consideryourpartner'sviewsontheissue,whythey'reupset,andifcompromiseisappropriate.Trytocontextualizeyourargumentstogiveeachotherroomtoexpressyourfeelings.HopethesetipsarehelpfulIfyouneedmoreinformation,clickhere35Tofindtherealissue,youshouldA.haveopenconversationsB.avoidargumentsC.seekforcommongroundD.sacrificeyourinterests36Whendealingwithconflict,youmayA.breakdowntheissueintosmallpartsB.argueovertheissuewithyourpartnerC.changehowyoufeelabouteachotherD.putyourselfinothers'shoestoexaminetheissue37YoucangethelpfromtheorganizationA.whenunsureofthesafetyofaspecificwebsiteB.whencuriousabouthowtoimprovemathgradeC.whenarguingwithclassmatesoveragroupprojectD.whenstrugglinghardtostopsocialmediaaddictionBAdomAppiah,isnotyourtypicalHighSchoolJunior.HehastakenhisvolunteerismtoawholenewlevelbystartinganonprofitcharityorganizationcalledBall4Good.Amazingly,thisinnovativeorganizationwasaresultofAdom's7thgradeschoolassignment.Atage12,hishistoryteacher,Mrs.KelseaTurner,atSpartanburgDaySchool,hadchallengedherstudentstodedicate20%oftheirclasstimetoaserviceproject.Shesuggestedthattheyresearchacommunityneedandthenworkindependentlyonfindingasolution.Adomwasinspired.Adomhadgreatpassionforplayingsportsasasoccerandbasketballplayer.So,henaturallythoughtofcombiningsportsandcommunitysupportintoanathletics-orientedserviceproject.Hisideawastoinviteathletes,leadersandcelebritiestoplayballgamestoraisemoneyforlocalcharities.Ball4GoodhelditsfirstCelebrityBasketballGamein2017.Heuseddonationsreceivedonhis13thbirthdayasseedmoneyfortheevent.Itwasahugesuccessandraisedover$70,000for13localcharities.Then,Adom'sideahastransformedintoamovementthatishelpingcommunitiesthroughvariouswayssuchascelebritysportevents,charitydrivesandfundraising.Itdonatesraisedfundstovariouscausesaffectingchildren,suchasautism,homelessness,abuseandcancer.IfalltheseaccomplishmentsaboutBall4Goodwerenotenough,theteenhasalsoauthoredthreemotivationalchildren'sbookstoinspirestudentstochangetheworldandbouncebackfromfailures.Donationsfrombooksaleshavesupportedseveralcharitablecauses.Inaddition,hewonaNationalAward(GloriaBarronforYoungHeroes,2019)thatcomeswitha$10,000prizeforhispublicserviceefforts.HavingmultipleprojectshasnotslowedAdomdown,asheiscurrentlyhostinghisownshowcalledKidsChangingtheWorldonTV.“Itrytohavekidsinvolvedineverystepoftheway,sotheycanfigureouthowthingsworkinthebusinessandphilanthropistworld,”Adomsaid.Hewantspeopletoknowthatsuccessstartswithbelievinginyourself.HisgoalistoexpandBall4Good'sreach.Hebelievesthatbyencouragingotherstogetinvolved,he'smultiplyingtheimpactofBall4Good.38.WhatinspiredAdomAppiahtostartBall4Good?A.Passionforsportsandsupportfromacommunity.B.Aschoolassignmentgivenbyhishistoryteacher.C.Hisexperiencesofbeingasoccerandbasketballplayer.D.Athletes,leadersandcelebritiesheinvitedtoplaygames.39Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatBall4GoodA.aimstopromotecommunitysportsB.helditsfirstactivitywithAdom'sownsavingsC.helpscommunitiessimplythroughcelebritysporteventsD.usesraisedmoneytohelpchildreninvariousdifficulties40.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAdomAppiah?A.Kindandhumorous.B.Generousandpatient.C.Innovativeandinspiring.D.Hardworkingandreliable.CClimatechangeinfluenceshoworganismsliveandfunctionintheirenvironment.Investigatinghoworganismsadaptisessentialforaccuratelypredictingtheirsurvival,andtrackinggenomic(基因組的)changeshelpsresearchersdeterminethelastingeffectsofthechangingenvironment.Copepods,adominantcoastalspecies,areparticularlyusefulforstudyinggeneticchangesinresponsetoshiftingmarineenvironments.Bystudyingcopepods,researcherscangetanideaofhowtheoceanfoodchainmightreacttochangesintheEarth'sclimate.Trackingacopepod'sevolvinggenomeinthewild,however,canbetime-consumingandlaborious.Tocircumventthischallenge,Pespeniandherteamusedanevolve-and-resequenceapproachinthelab.Theyexposedacopepodpopulationtothreestressors—waterwarming,acidificationviahighCO?levels,andcombinationsofthetwooceanwarmingandacidification(OWA)conditionsinthelaboratory,andtrackedtheiradaptationstotheseconditionsover25generations.Previously,theytrackedreproductivefitnesstraitssuchasegg-hatchingsuccessundertheseconditions.TheyfoundthatthefitnessofthepopulationexposedtoOWAconditionsinitiallydecreased,butthenadaptedtothestressorsoverseveralgenerations.Inthecurrentstudy,theresearcherssequencedthegenomesofanimalsineachexperimentalgroupatgeneration0and25toquantifyhowallele(等位基因)frequencieschangedinresponsetoexperimentalselectivepressures.Theresearchersfoundadaptiveallelesrelatedtodevelopmentwereuniquetothemultiplestressorexperiment,providingapossibleexplanationfortheobservedselectionofhatchingsuccess.“WeshowedthatthewarmingalonewasamuchstrongerselectivepressurethanCO?.Butwhenyoucombinethem,yougetauniquesynergy.So,it'snotjustoneplusoneequalstwo;it'soneplusoneequalssomethingtotallydifferent,”saidPespeni.Whereaspreviousstudiesobservedtheeffectsofsinglestressorsonevolvingorganisms,Pespeni'sstudydemonstratedthatmultiplestressorsresultinauniqueresponsetoselectioninanon-additivemanner.Thisisimportantbecausehuman-inducedenvironmentalchangesaremultifaceted(多方面的),andadditionalstressorsarestillneededtofurthermimicnaturalenvironmentalchanges,andthisstudyrevealsthecomplexityofthegenomicadaptiveresponse.AccordingtoMorganKelly,aprofessorwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,theinsightspresentedbytheresearchersinthisstudycallintoquestiontheprevioussinglestressorstudiesandwillinfluencefutureexperimentaldesign.“There'sthisbigquestionoftherolethatevolutionarychangewillplayinresponsetoclimatechange,andthewaytheresearchersintegrategenomicinformationisthebestofitskindintheworldofmarineexperimentalevolution,”saidKelly.AccordingtoPespeni,thereisreasontomaintainhopeinthefaceofclimatechangebecauseherworkrevealedthatthecopepodseventuallyfullyregainedtheirabilitytoreproducefollowingthecombinedenvironmentalchanges.41.WhatcanwelearnaboutPespeni'spreviousandcurrentstudies?A.Thepreviousstudytriednewwaystoquantifytheresponseofcopepods.B.Thecurrentstudymayexplainthesuccessofhatchinginthepreviousone.C.Thepreviousstudyrevealsthecomplexityofthegenomicadaptiveresponse.D.Thecurrentstudysequencedcopepods'genesof25generationsineachgroup.42Toimprovetheirfutureresearch,researchersshouldA.studyhowotherspeciesadapttoglobalwarmingB.includeadditionalstressorsintheirexperimentsC.trackacopepod'sevolvinggenomeinthewildD.comparePespeni'sstudywithpreviousones43.Whatmakesthecurrentstudyparticularlysignificant?A.Itintegratesgenomicinformationintheresearch.B.Itshowsmostspeciescaneasilyadapttoclimatechanges.C.Itconfirmstheeffectivenessofprevioussinglestressorstudies.D.Itdemonstratesmultiplestressorsproduceanadditiveresponse.44.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ScientistsEditGenomestoHelpCopepodsSurviveB.ResearchRemovesPeople'sWorriesaboutClimateChangeC.CombiningClimateStressorsLeadstoUniqueGenomicChangesD.TheEvolve-and-resequenceApproachHelpsFightClimateChangeDTherehasbeenmuchdiscussionoftheconceptofquietquitting—meaning,essentially,doingthebareminimumatwork.Andperhapsthat'snotsurprising:Whenyou'reexhaustedandoverwhelmed,itfeelslikesomethingneedstobegivenup—andformany,thatseemstobethepursuitofexcellenceatwork.Butistakingyourfootoffthegastheanswer?Asawriterfocusedontimemanagement,I'vecometorealizethattheoppositeofburnoutisn'tdoingnothing,orevenscalingback.Ascounterintuitiveasitseems,addingenergizingactivitiestoyourschedulejustmightmakelifefeelmoredouble.That'swhatIfoundwhenIranatime-satisfactionstudywithmorethan140busypeople.Atthebeginningofmyproject,theyspokeoffeelingwornout.“Lifefeelsverychaoticwithsomanydifferentballsintheair,”onepersontoldme.“Myworkto-dolistisnever-ending,”anothersaid.Overthecourseofnineweeks,sometime-managementstrategieswereintroduced.Insteadofsubtractivechanges,participantsincorporatedregularphysicalactivityandmaderoomforsmalladventures.Andwhenitcametoleisureactivities,Iaskedthemtoput“effortfulbeforeeffortless”.Forexample,evensomethingassimpleasreadinganovelisbetterthanbinge-watchingaTVshow.Ialsointroducedthemtotheprincipleoftaking“onenightforyou”—committingtodoingsomethingyouenjoy,apartfromworkandfamily.Aswithquietquitting,thismightsometimesmeanleavingworkalittleearlierthanusual,butthepointisnottodoless;theideaisthatjoiningachoir,asoftballteamoranythingelsewithexpectedattendancepushesyoutofigureoutthelogistics,arrangethechildcareifnecessaryandgo—eveniflifeseemstoobusytothinkaboutsuchathing.Overthecourseofnineweeks,participants’satisfactionwithhowtheyspenttheirtimeoverallrose16percentfromthebeginningoftheprojecttotheend.Whenaskedabouthowtheyspenttheirleisuretime“yesterday”afternineweeks,participantsreportedthattheirsatisfactionrose20percent.Theyevenreportedmakingmoreprogressontheirprofessionalgoals—prettymuchtheoppositeofquietquitting—astheirincreasedenergyandengagementspilledoverintoallareasoflife.Weeachhavethesame168hourseveryweek.Buttimeisalsoallaboutthestorieswetellourselves.Whenlifeisfullofhave-to-dos,withonlybriefperiodsofdowntimeinbetween,wecanfeelbeatendownbyresponsibilities.Thekeyistoincorporateenergizingactivitiesintoourlivessothatourinnernarrativecanbechanged,makinglifefeellesslikeachore.45.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplewhoquitquietlyfeeltheneedtopursueexcellence.B.Scalingbackcanhelpenergizethoseexhaustedfromwork.C.Leisureeventsthatrequireactionaremorerecommended.D.Goinghomeearlierforarestcaneffectivelyrefreshpeople.46.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subtractive”probablymean?A.Reductive.B.Extensive.C.Enormous.D.Gradual.47.WhatisParagraph4about?A.Introductionofthebackground.B.Interventionintheexperiment.C.Principlesofnewstrategies.D.Suggestionsbasedonthefindings.48.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceafindinginapsychologicalstudy.B.Tocomparedifferenttime-managementstrategies.C.Toanalyzethecausesandeffectsofquietquitting.D.Toargueforanewwaytoliveamorefulfillinglife.第四部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，26分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第49、50題各2分,第51題3分,第52題4分,共11分)閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。We'veallseenthelittlekids—losingtemperinthetoystore,screaminginrestaurantsandgenerallymakingasceneinpublic.Fortheirparents,givingintoakid'smonstrousbehaviorhelpstoendthemessandgainsomepeaceandquiet,andthisiswhereoverindulgencebegins.AccordingtoKathyWebb,apsychotherapistinBrunswick,overindulgenceistheresultofparents'beliefs.Alotofoverindulgingparentsbelievetheirchildrenshouldbehappyallthetime,whichisthereasonwhytheparentstrytoavoidconflictatallcosts.Theyalsoholdthatoverindulgenceequalslove,butexpertsinsistthatbeingoverlypermissiveandindulgentisnotahealthykindoflove.Overindulgencecancreateamyriadofwrongattitudesandbehaviorsinchildren.Whenoverindulged,childrendevelopunrealisticexpectationswhichdonotservethemastheygrow.Healthyparenting,Webbsaid,meansgivingchildrenunconditionallove,qualitytime,healthydisciplineandrespectforwhatisappropriate.“Healthyparents