語法(七)-形容詞副詞

詞類（七）——形容詞、副詞一、形容詞、副詞的用法：1．形容詞：用來修飾和描述名詞、代詞，位于名詞、代詞之前（修飾不定代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在不定代詞之后）作定語；位于系動(dòng)詞（be、seem、feel、smell、sound、look、taste、get、turn、become等）之后作表語；作賓語補(bǔ)足語（動(dòng)詞+賓語+形容詞）。e.g.Maryisagoodstudent.Didthemanagersayanythingimportantatthemeeting?Helooksquitehealthy.Therainmadethegroundwet.2．副詞：用來修飾動(dòng)詞，位于動(dòng)詞之后；用來修飾形容詞、副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，位于形容詞、副詞之前。e.g.Thecatrunsveryfast.Heisalittlefat.△多數(shù)形容詞+ly可以構(gòu)成副詞；反之，多數(shù)副詞去掉詞末的ly可構(gòu)成形容詞。e.g.quick→quickly；careful→carefully△貌似副詞的形容詞有：lovely、friendly、lively、lonely△既是形容詞又是副詞的有：hard、late、early、fast、loude.g.Thegroundisveryhard.Heworkshard.△某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。e.g.thedead;theliving;therich;thepoor;theblind;thehungry△常見的用作形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞有：現(xiàn)在分詞：rising;living;boring;interesting;surprising;amazing;exciting;tiring;relaxing過去分詞：worried;closed;lost;married;relaxed(過去分詞一般用來表示人的感覺，現(xiàn)在分詞一般用來表示主語的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn))e.g.Theywererelaxedonthebeach.Wewantarelaxingvacation.△else“別的，其它的”，只用來修飾疑問代詞what、which、who、whom及不定代詞，位于疑問代詞及不定代詞之后。e.g.---Whatelsedoyouwant?---Nothingelse.△enough“足夠的/地”，作形容詞時(shí)可放在名詞前面或后面；作副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，必須放在形容詞、副詞之后。e.g.Ihaveenoughmoney.=Ihavemoneyenough.Heisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.△always、usually、often、sometimes、already、ever、never等表示頻率的副詞，通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。e.g.Heisalwayslateforschool.Hedoesn’toftengotoschoolbycar.二、形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的基本用法：1．構(gòu)成1）規(guī)則變化：a.一般在詞尾+er/est。如cold——colder/coldestb.以字母e結(jié)尾的，只+r/st。如large——larger/largestc.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，去y為i+er/est。如easy——easier/easiestd.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母，再+er/est。如wet——wetter/wetteste.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在詞前+more/themost。如careful——morecareful——themostcarefulf.特殊：tired——moretired/themosttiredfriendly——morefriendly(friendlier)clearly——moreclearly/mostclearly2）不規(guī)則變化：good/well——better——bestmany/much——more——mostill/bad/badly——worse——worstlittle——less——leastold——older/elder——oldest/eldestfar——farther/further——farthest/furthest（注：elder/eldest表示輩分，older/oldest表示年齡；farther/farthest表示距離，further/furthest表示程度。如：Myelderbrotherisolderthanme.“我哥哥比我大?！保?．用法：原級(jí)：用于兩個(gè)人或物之間同種級(jí)別的比較，常用as…as…（和……一樣）、notas/so…as…（和……不一樣）。e.g.Hismotherisasoldasmymother.Hismotherisnotas/sooldasmymother.（只有否定時(shí)，第一個(gè)as才可以改用so）比較級(jí)：用來把彼此獨(dú)立的兩個(gè)人或物進(jìn)行比較，比較的兩個(gè)個(gè)體之間沒有相互包含的關(guān)系，通常由than（比）來連接兩個(gè)比較的個(gè)體。e.g.Iamolderthanyou.Tomistallerthananyotherboy/theotherboysinhisclass.最高級(jí)：在一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)，把群體中的一員與整體進(jìn)行比較，個(gè)體包含在整體之中，常用in、of來表示范圍。e.g.LiLeiisthetallestboyinhisclass.LiLeiisthetallestboyofthethreeboys.（注：當(dāng)個(gè)體與整體屬于同個(gè)范疇時(shí)，用介詞of；當(dāng)個(gè)體與整體不屬于同個(gè)范疇時(shí)，用介詞in）3．如何選用正確的級(jí)別：1）句子中有very、too、quite、more、most、so等詞修飾時(shí)，用原級(jí)。e.g.Sheisaverygoodstudent.2)句子中有much、far、alot、alittle、abit、even、still等詞修飾時(shí)，用比較級(jí)。e.g.LiLeiisfar/muchclevererthanbefore.3）兩者間同級(jí)別的比較，用原級(jí)，常用句型as…as…/notas(so)…as…4）句子中有連詞than時(shí)，用比較級(jí)。5）句子中有表示范圍的of/in短語時(shí)，用最高級(jí)。6）形容詞前面有序數(shù)詞時(shí)，用最高級(jí)。e.g.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.△形容詞的最高級(jí)前必須+the，但當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)前有代詞修飾時(shí)，則需把the去掉；副詞的最高級(jí)前則可加可不加。e.g.Heisthebestfriendofmine.Heisoneofmybestfriends.△可以用“名詞（或數(shù)詞）詞組+形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)”來表示“比……相差多少”。e.g.SheisaheadshorterthanJohn.她比約翰矮一個(gè)頭。LiuMeiisfouryearsolderthanZhangJun.劉梅比張軍大四歲。△“A+謂語動(dòng)詞+the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo…”，表示“兩者中較……的”。e.g.Heisthemorecarefulofthetwoengineers.△“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”，表示“越來越……”。e.g.我們的生活變得越來越好。Ourlifeisbecomingbetterandbetter.△“the+比較級(jí)……，the+比較級(jí)……”，表示“越……，就越……”。e.g.Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Thebusierthefarmersare,thehappiertheywillbe.農(nóng)民們?cè)矫Γ驮介_心?！鳌發(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than”，表示“……不如……”。e.g.Ithinkpopmusicislessbeautifulthanclassicmusic.△“oneofthe+最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”，表示“……是最……之一”。e.g.USAisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.△三種級(jí)別之間的互相轉(zhuǎn)換：e.g.翻譯：莉莉是我們班最高的女孩子。Lilyisthetallestgirlinourclass.→最高級(jí)=Lilyistallerthananyothergirlinourclass.→比較級(jí)=Lilyistallerthantheothergirlsinourclass.→比較級(jí)=NooneinourclassisastallasLily.→原級(jí)（注：anyother+單數(shù)名詞，表示“其他的任何一個(gè)”；theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“生產(chǎn)剩余的全部。”）比較等級(jí)典型試題例析1.Youmustwriteas________asyoucan.A.morecareful B.carefully C.careful D.care2.—InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.—Idon’tagreewithyou.Speakingis________reading.A.asimportantas B.soimportantasC.themostimportant D.thesameas3.Jimisrunning________Bruce.They’reneckandneck.A.fasterthan B.asfastas C.asfasteras D.moreslowlythan［簡(jiǎn)析］這三道題都是考查“同等比較”的用法，句式中的“as…as…”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“……和……一樣”，其中的形容詞或副詞用原級(jí)。4.LessonThreeis________LessonTwo.It’smuchmoredifficult.A.notsoeasyas B.easierthanC.asdifficultas D.lessdifficultthan5.Thisstoryisnot________asthatone.A.moreinteresting B.lessinterestingC.sointerested D.sointeresting6.Theboydoesn’tspeak________hissister,buthiswrittenworkisverygood.A.aswellas B.sogoodasC.morebetterthan D.moreworsethan［簡(jiǎn)析］這三道題都是考查“同等比較”的否定用法?！皀otas/so…as…”意為“……不如……”。在“noas/so…as…”之間也用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。7.NowHelenworks________thanbefore.A.morecarefully B.morecarefulC.muchcareful D.muchcarefully8.Ittakes________timetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.more B.fewer C.longer D.less9.Itis________todaythanyesterday.Shallwegoswimmingthisafternoon?A.thehottest B.hot C.hottest D.hotter10.ThepopulationofShanghaiis________thanthatofShijiazhuang.A.smaller B.larger C.less D.large［簡(jiǎn)析］這四道題都是考查形容詞或副詞“不同等級(jí)比較”的用法。句中使用“形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)…than…”結(jié)構(gòu)。11.Ofthetwopencil-boxes,theboychose_______one.A.lessexpensive B.theleastexpensiveC.thelessexpensive D.themostexpensive12.OfthetwoAustralianstudents,Mashais________one.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily.A.tallest B.thetaller C.taller D.thetallest［簡(jiǎn)析］這兩道題均考查“of+the+比較范圍，…+the+比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。13.—Whichisthe________seasonoftheyear?—Summer.A.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.hotest14.Ofallthestars,thesunis________totheearth.A.farthest B.thefarthest C.nearest D.thenearest15.Ofallthesubjects,IlikeChinese________.A.more B.better C.well D.best16.Johnismy________friendofalltheclassmates.A.good B.better C.best D.thebest［簡(jiǎn)析］這四道題都是考查“形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)”的用法。句中使用“the+最高級(jí)…of…”或“of…the+最高級(jí)…”的結(jié)構(gòu)，of后面所接的表示人或物的名詞與主語屬于同類。17.JinmaoToweris________buildinginShanghai.A.high B.tall C.highest D.thehighest18.LiPingwrites________inhisclass.A.morecareful B.morecarefullyC.mostcareful D.mostcarefully19.Who’s________inyourclass?A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.thestrongest［簡(jiǎn)析］這三道題都是考查“在某一范圍內(nèi)形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)”的用法，句中使用“the+最高級(jí)+in+范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)。20.Thisstreetismuch________thanthatone.A.straight B.straighter C.straightest D.morestraighter21.30,000dollarsisalargeamountofmoney,butit’s________thanweneed.A.farmore B.verymuch C.farless D.verylittle22.Jackisalittle________thanPeter.A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.thestrongest23.Inourcity,it’s________inJuly,butit’seven________inAugust.A.hotter;hottest B.hot;hotC.hotter;hot D.hot;hotter［簡(jiǎn)析］這四道題都是考查much，even，still，far，alot，agreatdeal等程度副詞（短語）修飾形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)的用法，句中常用“程度副詞（短語）+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)…(than)…”結(jié)構(gòu)。24.Intheexam,the________youare,the________mistakesyou’llmake.A.careful;little B.morecareful;lessC.morecareful;few D.morecareful;fewer25.Themoreyoulearn,themore________youcangetajob.A.easily B.easier C.easy D.easiest26.________childrenthereareinafamily,________theirlifewillbe.A.Theless;thebetter B.Thefewer;thebetterC.Fewer;richer D.More;poorer27.—Iwillgiveyousomepicturebooks.—The________,the________.A.more;better B.many;betterC.most;best D.much;better［簡(jiǎn)析］這四道題都是考查“The+比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，表示“越……，就越……”。28.Whichwouldyoulike________,basketballorfootball?A.good B.better C.best D.well29.Whichdoyoulike________,tea,orangeorwater?A.good B.well C.best D.better［簡(jiǎn)析］第28題是考查兩個(gè)事物的比較，第29題是考查三個(gè)事物的比較。兩個(gè)人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，形容詞或副詞用比較級(jí)形式；三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，形容詞或副詞用最高級(jí)形式。30.MissLiisoneof________inourschool.A.apopularteacher B.morepopularteacherC.mostpopularteacher D.themostpopularteachers31.I’dliketoknowifLiTaois________secondtallestboyinhisclass.A.a B.an C.the D.×［簡(jiǎn)析］第30題是考查形容詞最高級(jí)的用法，第31題是考查“序數(shù)詞加形容詞最高級(jí)”的用法。在這種情況下，形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)前面一般有定冠詞the。32.Whenwintercomes,thedaysget________.A.shortandshort B.shorterandshorterC.longandlong D.longerandlonger33.—I’mgettingfatterandfatter.WhatshouldIdo,doctor?—You’dbettereat________foodandtake________exercise.A.less;less B.more;moreC.more;less D.less;more［簡(jiǎn)析］這兩道題都是考查形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)的“平行”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。句中常用“…比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越來越……”。Exercises:09年各地中考真題()1.---HaveyoureadthepopularbookHarryPotter?---Yes,it’sgreat.Nootherbookis________thanthatone.A.betterB.worseC.biggerD.smaller()2.---Howaboutthedishes?---Fantastic!Nothingtastes________.A.niceB.betterC.terribleD.worse()3.---Wheredidyougoonholidaythissummer?England?---Youare________.Wewentona10-daytourtoParis.A.funnyB.rightC.coolD.close()4.---It’svery________ofyoutoworkouttheproblemforme.---That’sallright.A.kindB.cleverC.necessary()5.Ifindthiscomputergame________toplay.A.enougheasyB.easyenoughC.enougheasilyD.easilyenough()6.Aftertheearthquake,weheardofalotof________stories,andallofusweredeeply________.A.moving;movedB.moving;movingC.moved;movingD.moved;moved()7.---Idon’tlikevegetables,soI________eatthem.---Buttheyaregoodforyourhealth.A.alwaysB.usuallyC.oftenD.seldom()8.---Canyouhearme?---No,Ican’t.Wouldyoupleasespeak________?A.clearlyenoughB.clearenoughC.enoughclearD.enoughclearly()9.---CanyoucatchwhattheteachersaidintheEnglishclass?---Sorry,Ican________understandit.A.hardlyB.almostC.nearlyD.never()10.Thisyearthevillagehasproduced________rice________theydidtwoyearsago.A.less;thanB.asless;asC.fewer;thanD.asfew;as()11.---WasHenrylatefortheconcertyesterday?---No.Hegotthereeventenminutes________thanustwo.A.earlierB.earliestC.laterD.latest()12.---Tim,doyouthinktimeismoney?---Yes,butIthinkitis________money.A.moreimportantthanB.veryimportantasC.thesameasD.notimportantas()13.---Whatdoyouthinkis________inventionintheworld?---Computer,Ithink.A.usefulB.moreusefulC.themostuseful()14.TakingbusesinBeijingis________thantakingataxi.A.morecheapB.muchcheaperC.alittlecheapD.lesscheaper()15.---Junkfoodisbadforourhealth.---Yes,the________youeat,thehealthieryouwillbe.A.littleB.fewC.lessD.more精題精練：()1.---WhatkindofcakesdoesMarylikebest?---Shethinksthecakeswithnutsare________ofall.A.deliciousB.moredeliciousC.themostdeliciousD.themoredelicious()2.---Lindaisalwaysreadytohelpothers.---Ithinkso.Sheisvery________.A.usefulB.helpfulC.carefulD.beautiful()3.Heis________ofthetwoboys.A.youngB.youngerC.theyoungerD.theyoungest()4.---LiuDong,wouldyouliketohave________?---No,thanks.I’mfull.A.somethingmoreB.moresomethingC.anythingmoreD.moreanything()5.---WhatisDavelike?---Heisoneofthe________studentsinourclass.A.cleverB.clevererC.mostcleverD.cleverest()6.Thisshirtismadeof________silk.A.trueB.realC.reallyD.truly()7.Shewalkedintotheroom________becauseherbabywassleeping.A.clearlyB.quietlyC.heavilyD.quietly()8.Theoldmanlives________inasmallhouse,butheneverfeels________.A.alone,lonelyB.lonely;aloneC.lonely;lonelyD.alone,along()9.---Theweathertodayis________thanitwasyesterday.---Let’splaygamesoutside.A.fineB.finerC.thefinerD.thefinest()10.Thefarmerscoulddotheworkbetterwith________moneyand________people.A.little;fewerB.fewer;lessC.less;fewerD.few;little()11.---Howdeliciousthebreadis!---Itwouldtaste________withbutter.A.goodB.betterC.badD.well()12.---________doyougocamping?---Twiceamonth.A.HowoftenB.HowoldC.HowfarD.Howlong()13.Couldyoupleasesayit________?Ican’tstillfollowyou.A.loudlyB.slowlyC.moreslowD.moreslowly()14.---CanyoucatchwhatIsaid?---Sorry,Ican________understandit.A.hardlyB.almostC.nearlyD.really()15.Whichdoyoulike________,apples,orangesorgrapes?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.good()16.You’dbetternotgoshoppingnow,forit’sraining________outside.A.hardlyB.heavilyC.loudlyD.strongly()17.---Youshoulddoyourhomeworkabit________nexttime.---Sorry,Mr.Smith.Iwilldobetter.A.carefulB.carefullyC.morecarefulD.morecarefully()18.Shewillwork________shecan.A.ashardasB.sohardasC.ashardlyasD.sohardlyas()19.---Theiceintheriverisaboutonemeter________.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.---Let’sgoskating.A.longB.highC.thickD.wide()20.Itiswinternow,andtheweatherisgetting________.A.verycolderandcolderB.muchcolderandcolderC.morecoldandcold