語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載樂學(xué)書院暑假講學(xué)稿——八升九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上課時(shí)間：月日總第次內(nèi)容一、專題內(nèi)容：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)講解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。

Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。

I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我們以前見過面。

Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.

這些日子我沒有收到她的信。

Wehaven’tseenyourecently.

最近我們沒有見到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.

他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。

ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.havebeento和havegoneto的區(qū)別havebeento強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美國(guó)去過三次。（過去“到美國(guó)”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國(guó)”）havegoneto主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，如：--Where'syourmother?--你媽媽在哪？--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去醫(yī)院了。結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他2.否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他3.一般疑問句：have/has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

Yes,

主語(yǔ)+have/has.

No,

主語(yǔ)+have/has+not4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他二、常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一起連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)注意:.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用，(如表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用

如already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑問）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,

already,

yet,

ever,

never,

before,

twice(重復(fù)性時(shí)間)，for+短時(shí)間，since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間，sofar,

howlong提問的疑問句中.......Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.

Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.

Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,

如ever,never,twice,severaltimes等:

HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing

IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.

Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.

Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,

如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:

Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.

Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.

三、當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與表示短時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

若不是和短時(shí)間連用，則不用轉(zhuǎn)化。\o"更多英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容"\t"/yufadaquan/p618086/_blank"英語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。

1.持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

常見的study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等。

2.瞬間性動(dòng)詞:

表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動(dòng)詞。

常見的--begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,

\o"更多bec內(nèi)容"\t"/yufadaquan/p618086/_blank"become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等

3.瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)替換

Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.

（他參軍已有3年了。）不用hasjoined

Shehasbeenupforquitesometime.

（她起床已有好久了。）不用hasgotup

Hasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（離家已有好久了嗎？）不用hasleft

常用瞬間動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系：

1、go—beaway

2、come—behere

3、comeback—beback

4、leave—beaway（benothere）5、buy—have

6、borrow—keep

7、die——bedead

8、begin——beon

9、finish—beover

10、open——beopen

11、close——beclosed

12、lose——belost

13、gettoknow—know

14、turnon—beon

15、getup——beup

16、sitdown—sit/beseated

17、join—bein（…）或bea…member

18、\o"更多bec內(nèi)容"\t"/yufadaquan/p618086/_blank"become—be

4.瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用

例如：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.（好久沒見到你了。）四、區(qū)別下面三組詞Havebeento表示去過某地方，不過現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)Havegoneto表示去了，還未回來(lái)Havebeenin表示一直在某個(gè)地方五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時(shí)表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。

IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。

1.過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

2.過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,

六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的反義疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他，have/has+not+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他，

have/has+主語(yǔ)七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)例析一、考查其構(gòu)成"助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞過去分詞"構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1.Kate'sneverseenChinesefilms，____?

A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡(jiǎn)略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Katehas的縮寫，故選B。2.Hisunclehasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改為否定句)Hisuncle______postedthephotostohim______.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasn't,yet。3.-AnnhasgonetoShanghai.-So______herparents.

A.hasB.hadC.didD.have析："so+助/系/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語(yǔ)為herparents是復(fù)數(shù),故選D。二、考查其用法與標(biāo)志詞(一)當(dāng)句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-______you______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finish

B.Are;finishing

C.Did;finish

D.Have;finished2.-______you______anywherebefore?-Yes,butIcan'trememberwhereI______A.Did;surf;surfed

B.Have;surfed;surfedC.Did;surf;havesurfed

D.Have;surfed;havesurfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故1題選D，2題選D。(二)當(dāng)句中有"for+段時(shí)間"或"since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間"等時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語(yǔ))。如：1.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.A.after

B.before

C.since

D.for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而從句用的是一般過去時(shí)，故選C。2.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslent

B.hasborrowed

C.hasbought

D.hashad析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不與表"段時(shí)間"的短語(yǔ)連用，故選D。3.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.A.didn'treceive

B.haven'tgot

C.didn'thave

D.haven'theard析：據(jù)since可知，應(yīng)排除A、C，"hearfromsb.=receive/get/havealetterfromsb."意為"收到某人的來(lái)信"，故選B。三、考查have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/hasgone(to)的區(qū)別。如：1.-Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.A.wentto

B.goneto

C.beenin

D.beento析：據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項(xiàng)意為"去某地了"，C項(xiàng)意為"一直呆在某地"，D項(xiàng)意為"去過某地"，符合題意，故選D。2.Myparents______Shangdongfortenyears.A.havebeenin

B.havebeento

C.havegoneto

D.havebeen析：本題句中有"for+段時(shí)間"結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項(xiàng)意為"去過某地"，不合題意，D項(xiàng)缺介詞，故選A。四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1.Sun'saunthasgonetherefortenyears.(改成正確的句子)析：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與"段時(shí)間"連用時(shí)，除了把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞外，還可把動(dòng)詞改為一般過去時(shí)或借助句型"It's+段時(shí)間+since+從句"進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Sun'saunthasbeentherefortenyears./Sun'sauntwenttheretenyearsago./It'stenyearssinceSun'sauntwentthere.2.Susanhasbeeninthiscityformorethantenyears.(改為同義句)________morethantenyears____Susan______tothiscity.析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時(shí)，故填I(lǐng)tis,since,came。3.Iwon'tgototheconcert

\o"更多bec內(nèi)容"\t"/yufadaquan/p618086/_blank"becauseI____myticket.A.lost

B.don'tlose

C.havelost

D.iscoming析：因我丟了票的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，而且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會(huì)的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的含意，故選C。單項(xiàng)選擇。

1．Bothhisparentslooksad．Maybethey____what’shappenedtohim．

A．knewB．haveknownC．mustknowD．willknow

2．Hehas____beentoShanghai,hashe?

A．a(chǎn)lreadyB．neverC．everD．still

3．HaveyoumetMrLi____?

A．justB．a(chǎn)goC．beforeD．a(chǎn)momentago

4．Thefamouswriter____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears．

A．iswritingB．waswritingC．wroteD．haswritten

5．“Ourcountry____alotsofar．”“Yes,Ihopeitwillbeeven____．”

A．haschanged;wellB．changed;good

C．haschanged;betterD．changed;better

6．ZhaoLan____already____inthisschoolfortwoyears．

A．was;studyingB．will;studyC．has;studiedD．a(chǎn)re;studying

7．We____XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl．

A．knowB．hadknownC．haveknownD．knew

8．HarryPotterisaverynicefilm．I____ittwice．

A．willseeB．haveseenC．sawD．see

9．“ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates．”“Really?When____there?”

A．willtheygoB．didtheygoC．dotheygoD．havetheygone

10．“____you____yourhomeworkyet?”“Yes．I____itamomentago．”

A．Did;do;finishedB．Have;done;finished

C．Have;done;havefinishedD．Will;do;finish

11．Hisfather____thePartysince1978．

A．joinedB．hasjoinedC．wasinD．hasbeenin

12．“Doyouknowhimwell?”“Sure．We____friendssincetenyearsago．”

A．wereB．havebeenC．havebecomeD．havemade

13．“Howlonghaveyou____here?”“Abouttwomonths．”

A．beenB．goneC．comeD．a(chǎn)rrived

14．Hurryup!Theplay____fortenminutes．

A．hasbegunB．hadbegunC．hasbeenonD．began

15．It____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy．

A．isB．hasC．willD．was

二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

1、Hehasneversurfed,_____________?（改成反意疑問句）

2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)

________________havetheybeenhere?

3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He____________forayear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）

4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

Thisfactory______________________fortwentyyears.

5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

MissGao_______________________________anhourago.

6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）

Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.

7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.

8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.I___already____(see)thefilm.I___(see)itlastweek.

2.__he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.

3.___you___(be)toHongKong?Yes,I____(be)theretwice.

4.__youever____(eat)chocolatesundaes?No,never.

5.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.

6.Where`sLiMing?He____(go)totheteacher`soffice.

7.Shanghai___(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit____(become)alargecity.

8.I____(work)heresinceI____(move)herein1999.

9.SofarI____(make)quiteafewfriendshere.

10.Howlong___theWangs___(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.

二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)

1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否定句)I_______beentoMacaubefore.

2.Hehasn`tcometoschoolbecausehe`sill.(就劃線部分提問)

_________hecometoschool?

3.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.(就劃線部分提問)

_______________learnedEnglish?

4.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫)I____just____anewbike.

5.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)

We________English____threeyears

三、填入has/havebeen或has/havegone

1.Harry：IsawyouinAnnabel`sRestaurantlastnight.

Diana：No,itwasn`tme.Ineverthere.

2.Sam：SallyandTimareonholiday,aren`tthey?

Wherethey?

Sue：ToFlorida,again.

Sam：Howmanytimestheythere?

Sue：Thisistheirthirdvisit.

3.Alan：Where`sTony?Mary:He`sgotaheadache,sohetobed.

4.Steve：CanIspeaktoJill,please?

Lynn：She`sout,I`mafraid.Shetothecinemathisevening.

Steve：Again?Shealreadytothecinemathreetimesthisweek.

四、用f