2024年北京豐臺區(qū)高二（上）期中英語試題（A卷）（含答案）

第1頁/共1頁2024北京豐臺高二（上）期中英語（A卷）考試時間：90分鐘筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.Attheendofoneclass,IchattedwithDavidGale,aseniorhighjumper,abouthowtoimprovehis1andhowmotivationplayedanimportantroleinone’sachievement.He,outoftheblue,askedmewhatwouldhappenifhebroketheschoolrecord.Not2ofhispassionanddetermination,Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.HewasveryexcitedandsuggestedthatIgopurchasethepaint.Nothingmorewasmentionedaboutthe3untiltwoweekslater,theyoungwarriorranintotheclassroomwithahugesmileonhisface.“Ididit!Ibroketherecord!”heshoutedasIwasgatheringinformationto4whatIhadpromisedhim.Ijoinedinwiththehigh-fivesandfistbumps5him.Thenextday,itwasdone!G-A-L-E.Hugeblueletterswithwhiteedges,theschoolcolors.Icouldseehisexcitementevensurpassedthesuccessitself.Actually,hiscoachsaidthewallwaspartofthe6tobreaktherecord.Whathappenednextwastotallyamazing.Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthenameonthewalland7howthey,too,couldbeconsideredforthewall.Withtheenormous8,Ihadtoaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave9whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward.Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheircomfortzonehelpedsetthe10higher.1.A.health B.performance C.talent D.knowledge2.A.proud B.afraid C.certain D.fond3.A.promise B.record C.suggestion D.news 4.A.describe B.recall C.explain D.picture5.A.encouraging B.admiring C.congratulating D.greeting6.A.excitement B.confidence C.creativity D.motivation7.A.inquired B.expected C.insisted D.doubted8.A.effort B.experience C.stress D.response9.A.adjusted B.achieved C.examined D.displayed10.A.pace B.stage C.goal D.tone第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。AWhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthelastday,they11(throw)aniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglishtoorganizesuchaneventaltogether.Attheendoftheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Aftertheboxwasopened,I12(gentle)liftedabeautifulcoatfromit.“Wewentshoppingforanewcoat!”theyallshouted13wonderfullyperfectEnglish.BInearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,14(swim)offthecoastofSardinia,noticedpiecesofmetalontheoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmoredivers15(send)tolook.ThepiecesturnedouttobeancientRomancoins.Thecoinsmostlylayburiedinsandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoast.Itissaidthatmorethan30,000coinshavebeenfound,16arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistorical17(discover).CChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools18(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout19it’stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasacheatingtool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit’stoolatetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.AgrowingnumberofeducatorssaythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepanic20(cause)bytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADearColleague,IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm’sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewofourprograms:HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.StudentsmustbeenteringGrades10-12infall2024.AcademicImmersion(AIM)isathree-weeknon-creditresidentialprogramforstudentstofocusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade11orGrade12infall2024.SummerChallengeisatwo-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon-creditseminarsoftheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade12infall2024.SummerPreviewisaone-weeknon-creditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreonesubjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade9orGrade10infall2024.OurSummerTerm’sprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeexperiencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyyear,ourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipateinsocialevents.Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwithyourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailatsummerhs@ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutourprograms.Warmly,AmandaNelsonAssociateDirectorBACUniversitySummerTerm21.AGrade11studentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose________.A.HighSchoolHonors B.AcademicImmersion C.SummerChallenge D.SummerPreview22.Accordingtothepassage,studentscan________.A.getatleast8transferablecreditsinHighSchoolHonorsB.gainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIMC.earncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallengeD.engageinin-depthresearchinSummerPreview23.What’sAmandaNelson’spurposeinwritingtheletter?A.Toevaluateasummercamp.B.Tocomparelearningprojects.C.Topromotepre-collegeprograms. D.Torecommenduniversitycourses.BMarkBrown,57,hadbeenmakingfilmsfor30years,buthefoundhimselffeelingtiredofit.“Ithought,thingscanonlygodownhill.”Brownknewheneededtodosomethingelse—butwhat?Afewyearsearlier,hehadboughthischildhoodhouseandmovedin.WhileBrownwonderedaboutasecondcareeringardening,heheardadifferentinternalvoice.“Thatchildwhousedtolovedrawingwhisperedtomedowntheyears,”hesaid.Someunacknowledgedlonginginhimwasbroughtout.Therewasagreatoaktreenearhishome.Ithadstoodouttohisyoungselfasa“fantasticalgiant—atreasurehometobirds,insectsandanimals.Therewasacaveinside.Weusedtosqueezeinthroughthishole.”Hedecidedtolockhimselfawayfortwomonthstodrawitinallitsgloriousdetail.“WhileIwasdrawing,”hesaid,“therecamemomentswhenitwasasthoughthetreewasdrawingitself.Ihadspentsomuchtimeplayinginit.Icouldfeelit.Itwasdeepinsideme.”Hisfinishedoakheld“arealpower”,hesaid.“Asyouwalktowardsit,itjustgrows.”Brownbecameatreeportraitist.Overthenextfewyears,hetravelledacrossBritainandspentdayswiththetreesselectedwiththehelpoftheAncientTreeForum,theTreeCouncilandtheWoodlandTrust.Brownhasstartedworkona20-drawingseriesofBritain’smostimportantashtrees.“Thesebeautifuloldashtreesaregoingtobelosttous,”hesays.“Theyare350yearsoldandtheyaredyingbecauseofadiseasethatwe’vespread.”Drawingisnotonlyanactofcareandademandforpreservation,butit“givesmethatinterfacebetweenmypassionforthenaturalworldandmycreativity,”Brownsays.Ithasalsogivenhimadifferentperspectiveonthepassageoftime.“I’manoldmanyetI’monly71,andsomeofthetreesI’vedrawnare1,000yearsold.WhenI’mwiththemandwhenIdrawthem,Ithinkabouttheendofmylifeandthebriefnatureofhumanlifethatpassesmomentarilybeneaththem.”24.Attheageof57,Brown________.A.movedintohisoldhouse B.awakenedachildhoodinterestC.reachedthepeakofhislife D.developedapassionforgardening25.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoaktreeandBrown?A.Ithelpedhimstartanewcareer.B.Itlinkedhimwiththeworld.C.Hebuiltatreehouseinit.D.Hestudiedcreaturesinit.26.WhatisBrownworkingon?A.Settinguptreeorganizations.B.Lookingforcuresfortreediseases.C.Drawingtocallforprotectionfortrees.D.TravellingtoselectimportanttreesinBritain.27.WhenBrowniswithtrees,hefeelsthat________.A.timeisendless B.humanlifeistemporaryC.natureisdynamic D.life-longlearningiscrucialCWhenwe’resolvingacomplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.We’relookingtogetthebestideasasquicklyaspossible.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptforonetinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,we’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyouhadtoidentify,inoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”Buttheproblemisn’tmeetingsthemselves—it’showwerunthem.Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou’veattended.You’veprobablyseenpeoplebitetheirtonguesduetoegothreat(“Idon’twanttolookstupid.”),noise(“Wecan’talltalkatonce.”),andcomformitypressure(“Let’salljumpontheboss’sship!”).Goodbyediversityofthought,hellogroupthink.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we’rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.Theinitialstepsaresolo.Youstartbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideasseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroup.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisfullandfairparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,it’stooeasyforparticipationtobecomelopsidedinfavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.Thegoalisn’ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom—it’stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity.Butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeansthattheycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroups—butalsomoreterribleideasthangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringthebestideastofruition.28.BothJohnSmithandtheauthormayagreethatbrainstormingmeetingsfailto________.A.assesshuman’spotential B.simplifyproblemsquicklyC.acceptpossiblegoodideas D.getthemostoutofindividuals29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)opsided”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Informal.B.Unbalanced.C.Improper.D.Unpleasant.30.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto________.A.challengeaconclusion B.makeacomparisonC.introducearesearch D.advocateapracticeDClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventit.DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.OuremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitationwouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecomemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment. B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost. D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeable B.predictable C.bearable D.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople’sadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Wehumansarecomparisoncreatures.35Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等級)oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,socialcomparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteractwithourworld.Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofcomparisonwasourlocalcommunities,primarilyneighborsandco-workers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducationallevel,workincome,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenwecomparedourselvestootherswasfairlysmall.Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowcompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.36Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasnowbecomesolargeandunattainable.37WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful,famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.Sadly,thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“l(fā)essthan”.Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.38It’sonethingtorealizethatyoucompareyourselftoothers.It’sanotherthingtorecognizethatsocialcomparisonisoftencorrosive(逐步侵蝕的)toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandemotionally.It’sanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromcomparingyourselftoothers.39A.Weareconstantlymeasuringourselvesagainstotherpeople.B.Yetitispossible,anditisworththeeffortforyourmentalhealth.C.Thus,wearenowexposedtogroupsthatarequitedifferentfromus.D.Webelievethatthereissomethingwrongwithuscomparedtoothers.E.Wecanevenfeelbitternessandangeratothersfortheunfairnessofitall.F.Comparingourselvestoothershasthepotentialtoincreaseourlifeexperience.G.Thisnewlevelofcomparisonhashugeimplicationsforourpsychologicallives.第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；共10分）閱讀下面文段，在設(shè)空處填入恰當?shù)脑~。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。40.TheproblemwasthatIlackedconfidenceinmyself.Mr.JenkinsmademefeelthatIhadmyown__________.41.Thethingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhave__________tochildren’smindswhentheyareopenandeagertolearn.42.Onthesurface,Ihaveanactivesociallife.IattendpartiesandplaysportsbutI’malways__________.Theysaythatphonesbringpeopleclosertogetherbutinreality,mymindisalwaysamillionmilesaway.43.Afewdaysago,Iwentoutforadinnerget-togetherwithsomefriends.Somespentthedinnerbentovertheirphones,textingfriendsonlinebut__________theoneswhosatrightinfrontofthem.44.Foralotofpeople,becomingamillionaireisa__________ofsuccessandtheysetthisastheirultimategoal.45.Iamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.Successisnot__________byhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.46.Canthisbeoverdone?Absolutely.Butifyourdreamistobethebestandreachthewinner’splatform,youhadbetterbetotally__________toyoursport.47.Infact,over90percentofallspeciesthateverlivedarenow__________.Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended.48.Thereisalonglistofreasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeing__________,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.49.Weneedtotakestepstosave__________species,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.第二節(jié)（共2小題；第50題3分，第51題5分，共8分）閱讀下面文段，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Smartphoneshavebecomeabigpartofpeople’slives.Whenwetemporarilycan’tfindthem,itcausesafeelingofanxietyorpanic.Somepsychologistshavecalledit“nomophobia”.Thankfully,Irodethroughthewithdrawalofmysmartphoneanditwasshort-lived.WhenIgotmyfirstsmartphoneoveradecadeago,Ilovedit.Itgavemeinstantaccesstomymusic,aworldofinformationandthousandsofphotosandvideos.Butovertime,Ibecameincreasinglyambivalentaboutitsroleinmylife.Iwouldrepeatedlyrefreshmyemail,shoponlineforstuffIdidn’tneedandconstantlyscrollthroughthelatestnews.I’doftencomplaintomyhusbandandtomyseven-year-oldson,Louis,thatIfelttrappedbyit.Then,onedaylastsummer,whileIwasplayingwithLouis,Iwasonceagaindistractedbydingsandpings.Hefinallyremindedmeofmycomplaints,butrephrasedthemasaplea:“Mommy,justgiveitupalready!”Idecidedtotry.Insteadofgoingcoldturkey—nocellphoneatall—Iboughtaflipphone.Withnotouchscreen,textingistime-consuming.Once,whiletryingtocatchupontextswithafriend,Ifinallygotfrustratedandcalledher.IrealizedIhadn’tspokentohersinceherbigmove.Itmadeadifferencetohearboththeexcitementinhervoiceasshedescribedseeingthenorthernlightsandhersadnessinbeingawayfromasickparent.Nowadays,peoplemayprefertext-basedcommunicationoverusingthephonebecausetheyfearthatthecallwillbeawkward.But,justasIlearned,whenwewereforcedtoconnectvoicetovoice,wewouldfindourselvesmorebondedtothatperson.WuyouSui,anexpertresearchingdigital