北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)第八十中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（含解析）

第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2024-2025學(xué)年北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)第八十中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀理解：本大題共14小題，共28分。AOldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.Proctor’sTheatre,Newark,NewJerseyAlthoughavailableoutdoorsfromstreetsellers,foodwasbannedintheatrestodisplayrespectability.Inthelate1920s,however,theoperatorsinProctor’sTheatreinNewarkbegantosetupstandstoimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreatDepression.PopcornandCokewouldbecomeasignificantpartofthetheatre’sincome.Proctor’sTheatre,Troy,NewYorkOriginallyopenedasProctor’sFourthStreetTheatrein1914,ithostedfamouscomedianssuchasJackBennyandBobHope.From1929,itwassuccessivelytakenover,renamedasProctor’sTroyTheatreandswitchedtoscreeningfilms.Inthe1960s,itbeganplayingsecond-runfilmsbeforeclosingin1977.ItwaslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces(NRHP)in1979.In2010,thetheatrewasrepairedbutiscurrentlynotbeingusedtoday.RKOKeith’sFlushingTheatre,NewYorkOriginallyopenedin1928,RKOKeith’sFlushingTheatrewasdesignedbyThomasLamb.In1982,itwaslistedontheNRHP.In1986,thetheatrewasboughtandclosedbyitsnewownerwhoplannedtobuildashoppingcentreonthesite,intentionallydamagingthehall.In2019,despitethepreservationefforts,thehallwasknockeddowntomakewayforaresidentialtowerblock.MetropolitanOperaHouse,PhiladelphiaThetheatrewasoriginallyopenedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHousein1908.Inthe1920s,itwasrenamedastheMetropolitanOperaHouse,showingsilentfilmsinadditiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthe1940s,itbecameasportsarena.In1954,itwasturnedintoachurch.Inthelate1990s,thebuildingwaspurchasedbyMarkHatcher.Thechurchandthedevelopercametoanagreementonarepairforamusicvenuethatwascompletedandreopenedin2018.1.Inthelate1920s,Proctor’sTheatreinNewarksetupstandsto________.A.showrespectfortheguests B.increasethetheatre’sincome

C.promotenewlyreleasedmovies D.competewiththestreetsellers2.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.RKOKeith’sFlushingTheatreiswellpreserved.

B.Proctor’sTheatreinTroyplayssecond-runfilmsnow.

C.MetropolitanOperaHousehaswitnessedchangesinitsfunction.

D.Proctor’sTheatreinNewarkhasbeenofficiallylistedontheNRHP.3.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toranktheoldandunrestoredtheatres.

B.ToshowthedevelopmentofAmericantheatres.

C.Toencouragepeopletoprotecttheoldtheatres.

D.Toprovideinformationonoverlookedoldtheatres.BThroughoutmy41yearsatGeneralElectric,I’veexperiencedalot.Inthemedia,I’vegonefromprincetopigandbackagain.AndI’vebeencalledmanythings.Intheearlydays,somecalledmeacrazy,wildman.WhenIbecameCEOtwodecadesago,WallStreetasked,“Jackwho?”WhenItriedtomakeGEmorecompetitivebycuttingbackourworkforceintheearly1980s,themediacalledme“NeutronJack.”WhentheylearnedwewerefocusedonvaluesandcultureatGE,peopleaskedif“Jackhasgonesoft.”I’vebeenNo.1orNo.2Jack.ServicesJack,GlobalJack,and,inmorerecentyears,SixSigmaJackande-BusinessJack.WhenwemadeanefforttoacquireHoneywellinOctober2000,andIagreedtostayonthroughthetransition(過(guò)渡期),somethoughtofmeastheLong-in-the-ToothJackhangingonbyhisfingertipstohisCEOjob.Thosecharacterizationssaidlessaboutmeandalotmoreaboutthestageourcompanywentthrough.Truthis,downdeep,I’veneverreallychangedmuchfromtheboymymotherraisedinSalem,Massachusetts.WhenIstartedonthisjourneyin1981,standingbeforeWallStreetanalystsforthefirsttimeatNewYork’sPierreHotel,IsaidIwantedGEtobecome“themostcompetitiveenterpriseonearth.”Myobjectivewastoputasmall-companyspiritinabig-companybody,tobuildanorganizationoutofanold-lineindustrialcompanythatwouldbemorehigh—spirited,moreadaptable,andmoreflexiblethancompaniesthatareone-fiftiethoursize.IsaidthenthatIwantedtocreateacompany“wherepeopledaretotrynewthings—wherepeopleknowthatonlythelimitsoftheircreativityanddrive,theirownstandardsofpersonalexcellence,willbetheceilingonhowfarandhowfasttheymove.”I’veputmymind,myheart,andmycourageintothatjourneyeverydayofthe40-plusyearsI’vebeenluckyenoughtobeapartofGE.4.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs.theauthor__________.A.hadmanyupsanddowns

B.hadapoorimageinpublic

C.becameCEOofGE41yearsago

D.sufferedfromsomementalillnesses5.Astheauthorseesit,themanynicknamesofhimindicate__________.A.thechangeofhischaracterwiththetime

B.thevariousopinionsofdifferentjournalists

C.hispopularityamonghisfriendsandrelatives

D.hiscompany’sdifferentstagesofdevelopment6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“journey”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.TakingGEtoanewheight. B.Travellingfromhometooffice.

C.SeekingahigherpositioninGE. D.Growingfromababyintoanadult.CBirdsCan“Read”HumanGazeWeallknowthatpeoplesometimeschangetheirbehaviorwhensomeoneislookingtheirway.Now,anewstudyreportedonlineonApril2ndinCurrentBiologyshowsthatjackdaws—birdsrelatedtocrowswitheyesthatappearsimilartohumaneyes—candothesame.“Jackdawsseemtorecognizetheeye’sroleinvisualperception,orattheveryleasttheyareextremelysensitivetothewaythathumaneyesareoriented(朝向),”saidAugustevonBayern,formerlyoftheUniversityofCambridgeandnowattheUniversityofOxford.Whenpresentedwithapreferredfood,hand-raisedjackdawstooksignificantlylongertogettherewardwhenapersonwasdirectinghiseyestowardsthefoodthanwhenhewaslookingaway,accordingtotheresearchteamledbyNathanEmeryoftheUniversityofCambridgeandQueenMaryUniversityofLondon.Thebirdshesitatedonlywhenthepersonwasunfamiliarandthuspotentiallythreatening.Inaddition,thebirdswereabletointerprethumancommunicativegestures,suchasgazealternationandpointing,tohelpthemfindhiddenfood,theyfound.Thebirdswereunsuccessfulinusingunmovingcues,includingeyegazeorheadorientation.Unlikemostbirds,jackdaws’eyeshaveadarkpupilsurroundedbyasilverywhiteiris.Theresearcherssaidtheybelievejackdawsareprobablysensitivetohumaneyesbecause,asinhumans,eyesareanimportantmeansofcommunicationforthem.Thehand-raisedbirdsexaminedinthestudymaybeevenbetterthanwildjackdawsaattendingtohumangazeandrespondingtothegesturesofthepeoplewhohaveraisedthem.Thefindingsareparticularlynotablegiventhatmostotherspeciesinvestigatedsofar,includingourclosesrelativesthechimpanzeeand“man’sbestfriend,”thedog,arenotparticularlysensitivetoeyeorientationandeyegaze,vonBayernsaid.Rather,shecontinued,chimpsanddogsseemtorelyonothercuessuchasheadorbodyorientationindeterminingthelookingdirectionofothers.Theresultssuggestthatbirdsmaydeservemorerespectfortheirmentalabilities.“Wemayhaveunderstatedthepsychologicalworldofbirds,”vonBayernsaid.“Jackdaws,amongmanyotherbirds,formpairtiesforlifeandneedtohavemuchincommonandworktogetherwiththeirpartner,whichrequiresanefficientwayofcommunicatingandsensitivitytotheirpartner’sviewpoint.”7.Ahand-raisedjackdawhesitatestotakeapreferredfoodwhenthefeeder__________.A.islookingawayfromthefood B.holdsthefoodinhishand

C.islookingatthefood D.isunfamiliartothebird8.Accordingtoresearchers,jackdawscannoticehumaneyeorientationprobablybecause_________.A.likehumans,theyalsouseeyestocommunicate

B.theyarefarmoreintelligentthanotherbirds

C.theyaremostlyhand-raisedbyhumans

D.theireyesalsohaveadarkpupil9.Whydoestheauthorrefertochimpanzeesanddogs?A.Tosuggestthattheyaremuchbetteratinterpretinggazealternation.

B.Toreflecthowuniquejackdawsareinbeingabletonoticegazeorientation.

C.loshowthattheycommunicatemorefrequentlywithhumansthanjackdaws.

D.Tomakeclearthattheyrelyonothermeansindeterminingpeople’sintention.10.Whatdoestheresearchfindingsuggest?A.Notalljackdawsaregoodatattendingtohumangaze.

B.Wemayhaveunderstatedjackdaws’mentalabilities.

C.Weknowembarrassinglylessaboutbirdsthanweassume.

D.Thecloserwecommunicatewithanimals,thebetterweunderstandthem.DTheSecretofSuccessTherecipeforsucceedinginanygivenfieldishardlyamystery:goodideas,hardwork,discipline,imagination,perseveranceandmaybealittleluck.Oh,andlet’snotforgetfailure,whichDashunWangandhiscolleaguesatNorthwesternUniversitycall“theessentialprerequisite(先決條件)forsuccess”inanewpaper.Butnoteveryfailureleadstosuccess,headds.Andwhateventuallyseparatesthewinnersfromthelosers,theresearchshows,certainlyisnotpersistence.Oneofthemoreinterestingfindingsinthepaper,publishedlastOctoberinNature,isthatthepeoplewhoeventuallysucceededandthepeoplewhoeventuallyfailedtriedbasicallythesamenumberoftimestoachievetheirgoals.Itturnsoutthattryingagainandagainonlyworksifyoulearnfromyourpreviousfailures.Theideaistoworksmart,nothard.Youhavetofigureoutwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,andthenfocusonwhatneedstobeimprovedinsteadofstrugglingaroundandchangingeverything,”saysWang.“Thepeoplewhofaileddidn’tnecessarilyworklessthanthosewhosucceeded.Theycouldactuallyhaveworkedmore:it’sjustthattheymademoreunnecessarychanges.”Astheyexplored“themechanismsgoverningthedynamicsoffailure”,Wang’steamidentifiedwhattheydescribeaspreviouslyunknownstatisticalsignaturesthatseparatesuccessfulgroupsfromunsuccessfulgroups,makingitpossibletopredicttheirfinaloutcomes.Onesuchkeyindicatoristhetimebetweenconsecutive(連續(xù)的)failedattempts,whichshoulddecreasesteadily.Inotherwords,thefasteryoufail,thebetteryourchancesofsuccess,andthemoretimebetweenattempts,themorelikelyyouaretofailagain.“Ifsomeonehasappliedforagrantandtheyarethreefailuresin,”Wangsays,“ifwejustlookatthetimingbetweenthefailures,wewillbeabletopredictwhethertheywilleventuallysucceedornot.”Workingwithsuchlarge-scaledata,Wangandhiscolleagueswereabletoidentifyacriticalpointthatwascommontoeachofthehundredsofthousandsofundertakingstheyhadanalyzed,aforkintheroadwhereonepathleadstoadevelopmentregionandoneleadstoastagnationregion.Wangpointsoutthattheexistenceofthetippingpointcutsagainstthetraditionalexplanationsforfailureorsuccess,suchasluckoraperson’sworkhabits.“Whatwe’reshowinghereisthatevenintheabsenceofsuchdifferences,youcanstillhaveverydifferentoutcomes.”hesays.Whatmattersishowpeoplefail,howtheyrespondtofailureandwherethosefailureslead.11.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2that________.A.winnersaremorepersistentthanlosers

B.failureisnotimportantforsuccessatall

C.moretryingdoesn’tnecessarilyresultinsuccess

D.winnersandlosersdifferinhowmanytimestheytried12.Wangandhiscolleaguesbelievethat________.A.noonecanobtainsuccesswithoutfailure

B.failurecansometimeshelppredictsuccess

C.theperformancepatternisdifficulttoidentify

D.thecriticalpointhadbeendiscoveredbychance13.Theunderlinedphrase“astagnationregion”inParagraph6referstoaregion________.A.withoutprogress B.beyondrecognition

C.unknowntooutsiders D.initselementarystage14.WhatistheconclusionofWang’sresearch?A.Winnerstrylessthanlosers.butgainmore.

B.Perseveranceistheutmostsecrettosuccess.

C.Workingsmartcouldturnfailuresintofuturesuccesses.

D.Luckandworkhabitshardlymakeanydifferencetotheresult.二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共10分。LifelongMusiciansHaveBetterHearingPlayingamusicalinstrumentthroughoutyourlifeprotectsyourhearing,aCanadianstudysuggests.Thestudy,whichwaspublishedinPsychologyandAging,carriedouthearingtestson74adultmusiciansand89non-musicians.

15ActiononHearingLosssaidallpeople-includingmusicians-shouldtrytopreventhearingdamage.

16

Bysixty,10-30%ofpeoplehavemoderatehearingloss.Byeighty,thatgoesuptoasmanyas60%.Problemsareparticularlyseeninthecentralauditoryprocessingsystem,whichisassociatedwithunderstandingspeech,especiallywhenthereisbackgroundnoise.Thenaresearch,byateamattheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto,lookedatadultswereaffectedastheyaged.Theychosebothmusiciansandnon-musiciansfromtheageof18to91anddividedthemintodifferentgroupsbasedontheage.Againmusiciansweresignificantlybetteratpickingoutspeechagainstnoiseinalltheageranges.

17

BenjaminZendel,whowaspartoftheresearchteam,said:“Wefoundthatbeingamusicianmaycontributetobetterhearinginoldage,probablyduetomusiciansusingtheirhearingsystemsatahighlevelonaregularbasis.Thisadvantagewidenedconsiderablyformusiciansastheygotolderwhencomparedtosimilar-agednon-musicians.”Thisstudysuggeststhatmusiciansmightbemoreabletodealwiththeconsequencesofhearingloss.

18

AsDr.RalphHolmesaid,allpeople-includingmusicians-shouldtrytopreventhearingdamageinthefirstplace.It’snecessaryforeveryonewhoplaysamusicalinstrumentorlistenstoloudmusictowearhearingprotection.

19

A．Hearingnormallydeclinesaspeopleage.B．Previousstudiesexplainedthereasonsforhearingloss.C．Thatcaneffectivelyreducetheriskofdamagingtheirhearingpermanently.D．Still,itisfarbettertominimizedamagebyusingappropriateearprotection.E．Theybelievedmusiciansarealsolikelytoexperienceage-relatedhearingproblems.F．Theresearchersconcludedthatlifelongmusicianshipdelaysage-relatedchangesinhearing.G．Itfounda70-year-oldmusician’swasasgoodasthatofa50-year-oldwhodidn’tplay.三、完形填空：本大題共10小題，共15分。ALabradorhasbeendoinganimportantjobtohelppeoplestaysafeduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Eight-year-oldRobyrunsthroughthestreetsofthehillycityofMedellinseveraltimesadaywitha

20

inhisjaws,takingvegetables,fruitandpackagedfoodstocustomersoftheFresh4Umini-market.“Hehelpsustomaintainsocialdistancing,”saidRoby’owner,SherryBotero.“Andpeople

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itwhenwesendthedog.”Robyenjoyseatingcarrots

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tohimbycustomers,atipforbringingabasketoffood.Robywasn’talwaysastar.Hewasacceptedintothefamily

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byMsBoteroafterrepeatedrequestsbyhersonto

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adog.ButMsBoteroquickly

25

withthedog.Andwhensheopenedamini-marketfouryearsago,hestartedtoaccompanyhertomakedeliveries.Robycan’tread

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.Butheremembersthenamesofcustomerswhohavepreviouslyrewardedhimwithtreats.Andwithsomepractice,hehaslearnedtogototheirhousesonhisown.“Heknowsthenamesoffiveorsixofourcustomers,”MsBoterosaid,“SoIsendthegoodswithareceiptinthebasket,andmycustomers

27

methroughabanktransfer(轉(zhuǎn)賬；轉(zhuǎn)移).”Robymightnotknowthathe’sbecomean

28

worker.Butheishappytohelphisownerand

29

hisdailypay.20.A.bag B.chain C.basket D.stick21.A.respect B.love C.follow D.notice22.A.gifted B.returned C.lent D.donated23.A.intentionally B.regretfully C.immediately D.unwillingly24.A.adopt B.train C.adore D.walk25.A.gotaway B.keptintouch C.caughtup D.fellinlove26.A.minds B.addresses C.numbers D.receipts27.A.treat B.help C.pay D.impress28.A.essential B.honest C.optimistic D.adventurous29.A.spend B.calculate C.collect D.increase四、語(yǔ)法填空：本大題共3小題，共45分。Today,thereisatrendthattheyoungstershaven'tenoughsleepduringthenight.LackofsleepamongchildrenandteenagersinChina

1

(get)worseinthepasttenyears,withmorethan80percentgettinginsufficientsleeponschooldays,areport

2

(publish)onMondaysaid.Chineseyoungsterssleptanaverageof7.8hoursanightonschooldayslastyear,20minutes

3

(little)thanin2009，accordingtothereportfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences'InstituteofPsychology.BasedonARandVR,themetaverseaimstobringpeopleclosertogetherinanonlinesetting,enablingthemtobeconnectedinwaystheycouldn’tbebefore.Imagine

1

(attend)ameetingfromthecomfortofyourcouch,whereyoudon’tdressup,butyouravatardoes.You

2

(seat)atavirtualtablewithotherpeoplewhosereactionsandbodylanguagecanbejudgedjustaswellastheywouldbeinreallife.Ametaversecouldverylikelybringthese

3

(imagine)toreality,andsoon.Everyonehasasenseofhumor,butit’sprettyevidentthatnoteverybodyhasagoodsenseofit.Psychologistsaredividedon

1

humorisinbornorlearnable.However,thereisonethingthat

2

(accept)universallysofar—thesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Itisassociatedwithlaughterandlaughterisassociatedwithhappinessandcourage.Thesearequalities

3

(share)withotherformsoflife.Butifhappinessisoneofthegoals

4

(chase)inlife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.五、閱讀表達(dá)：本大題共1小題，共10分。33.Isitbetterforourbodiestoworkoutatcertaintimesoftheday?Scientistshaveknownforsometimethateverytissueinourbodiescontainsakindofbiologicalclockthatgoesoffinresponsetomessagesrelatedtoourdailyexposuretolight,foodandsleep.However,whetherandhowexercisetimingmightinfluencemetabolic(新陳代謝的)healthhasbeenlessclear,andtheresultsofpastexperimentshavenotalwaysagreed.Amuch-discussed2019studyfoundthatmenwithType2diabetes(糖尿病)whocompletedafewminutesofhigh-intensityinterval(間隔)sessionsintheafternoonimprovedtheirblood-sugarcontrolaftertwoweeks.PatrickSchrauwen,aprofessorofnutritionandmovementsciencesreadthat2019studywithinterest.HehadbeenstudyingexerciseinpeoplewithType2diabetes,buthadnotconsideredthepossibleroleoftiming.Now,seeingthevaryingimpactsoftheintenseworkouts,hewonderedifthetimingofworkoutsmightsimilarlyaffecthowtheworkoutschangedpeople’smetabolisms.Incidentally,heandhiscolleagueshadaready-madesourceofdataintheirownpriorexperiment.Severalyearsearlier,theyhadaskedadultmenathighriskforType2diabetestoridestationarybicyclesatthelabthreetimesaweekfor12weeks,whiletheresearcherstrackedtheirmetabolichealth.Theyalsohadnotedwhentheridersshowedupfortheirworkouts.Theresearcherspulleddataforthe12menwhoconsistentlyhadworkedoutbetween8and10a.m.andcomparedthemwithanother20whoalwaysexercisedbetween3and6p.m.Theyfoundthatthebenefitsofafternoonworkoutsfaroutweighedthoseofmorningexercise.Hesays,“Thisstudydoessuggestthatafternoonexercisemaybemorebeneficialforpeoplewithdisturbedmetabolismsthanthesameexercisedoneearlier.Theparticularandmosteffectiveexerciseforeachofuswilllineupwithourdailyroutinesandexercisetendenciesbecauseexerciseisgoodforusatanytimeofday—butonlyifwechoosetokeepdoingit.”(1)WhatinspiredProfessorSchrauwentocarryouttheresearchrelatedtothetimingofworkouts?_________________________________________(2)WhatdidSchrauwen’snewstudyfigureout?_________________________________________(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ProfessorSchrauwenandhiscolleaguescarriedouttheresearchbyusingthenewly-collecteddataandmakingcomparisonsbetweentwodifferentsubjectgroups.__________________________________________________________________________________(4)Whendoyouthinkisthebesttimeforyoutoexercise?Why?(about40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________六、書面表達(dá)：本大題共1小題，共25分。34.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你班的交換生Jim對(duì)中華傳統(tǒng)文化感興趣，準(zhǔn)備下學(xué)期選修一門相關(guān)課程，向你征詢建議。請(qǐng)給Jim寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.推薦一門選修課；2.說(shuō)明推薦的理由；3.提出學(xué)習(xí)這門課程的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50；2.郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、D【解析】【文章大意】文章介紹了四個(gè)被人們忽略的古老劇院。

1.

根據(jù)Proctor'sTheatre,Newark,NewJersey部分中的Inthelate1920s,however...partofthetheatre'sincome.（然而，在20世紀(jì)20年代末，紐瓦克普洛克特劇院的經(jīng)營(yíng)者開始設(shè)立攤位，以改善大蕭條期間的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。爆米花和可樂(lè)成為劇院收入的重要組成部分。）可知，紐瓦克普洛克特劇院設(shè)立攤位是為了增加劇院的收入。故選B。

2.

根據(jù)MetropolitanOperaHouse,Philadelphia部分中的Inthe1920s,itwasrenamedas...andreopenedin2018.（在20世紀(jì)20年代，它被重新命名為大都會(huì)歌劇院，除了主辦各種歌劇演出團(tuán)外，還放映默片。在20世紀(jì)40年代，它變成了一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。1954年，它被改成了教堂。在20世紀(jì)90年代末，這棟建筑被MarkHatcher買下。教堂和開發(fā)商就一個(gè)音樂(lè)場(chǎng)地的維修達(dá)成了協(xié)議，該場(chǎng)地于2018年完工并重新開放。）可知，大都會(huì)歌劇院的功能發(fā)生了變化。故選C。

3.

根據(jù)第一段Oldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.（我我們周圍到處都是古老的、未修復(fù)的劇院，但卻沒(méi)有人注意到。一本新的攝影集揭示了它們經(jīng)常被忽視的美麗。）以及下文對(duì)四個(gè)古老劇院的介紹可推知，文章的目的是提供一些有關(guān)被忽略的古老劇院的資料。故選D。4~6.【答案】A、D、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在通用電氣公司的職業(yè)生涯和心路歷程。

1.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Throughoutmy41yearsatGeneralElectric,I’veexperiencedalot.Inthemedia,I’vegonefromprincetopigandbackagain.AndI’vebeencalledmanythings.(在通用電氣的41年里，我經(jīng)歷了很多。在媒體上，我從王子變成了豬，然后又變了回來(lái)。我也有過(guò)很多稱呼。)”以及第二段“Intheearlydays,somecalledmeacrazy,wildman.WhenIbecameCEOtwodecadesago,WallStreetasked,“Jackwho?”(剛開始的時(shí)候，有人說(shuō)我是一個(gè)瘋狂、野蠻的人。20年前，當(dāng)我成為首席執(zhí)行官時(shí)，華爾街問(wèn)我：“杰克是誰(shuí)？”)”可知，作者經(jīng)歷了很多起起落落。故選A。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Thosecharacterizationssaidlessaboutmeandalotmoreaboutthestageourcompanywentthrough.(這些描述更多地反映了我們公司所經(jīng)歷的階段，而不是我自己。)”可知，在作者看來(lái)，他的許多綽號(hào)表明了他的公司的不同發(fā)展階段。故選D。

3.

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“IsaidthenthatIwantedtocreateacompany“wherepeopledaretotrynewthings—wherepeopleknowthatonlythelimitsoftheircreativityanddrive,theirownstandardsofpersonalexcellence,willbetheceilingonhowfarandhowfasttheymove.”(我當(dāng)時(shí)說(shuō)，我想創(chuàng)建一家公司，“在那里，人們敢于嘗試新事物，在那里，人們知道，只有他們的創(chuàng)造力和動(dòng)力的極限，他們自己的個(gè)人卓越標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，才是他們前進(jìn)的距離和速度的上限?！?”和最后一段“I’veputmymind,myheart,andmycourageintothatjourneyeverydayofthe40-plusyearsI’vebeenluckyenoughtobeapartofGE.(40多年來(lái)，我有幸成為通用電氣的一員，在這段旅程的每一天，我都傾注了我的心血和勇氣。)”可知，作者想要通用電氣的員工敢于嘗試新事物，發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力，不斷進(jìn)步，即這是一段把通用電氣帶到一個(gè)新的高度的過(guò)程，故journey在此處的意思是“將通用電氣帶到一個(gè)新的高度”。A.TakingGEtoanewheight將通用電氣推向了一個(gè)新的高度；B.Travellingfromhometooffice從家到辦公室的旅行；C.SeekingahigherpositioninGE在通用電氣公司尋求更高的職位；D.Growingfromababyintoanadult從嬰兒成長(zhǎng)為成年人。故選A。7~10.【答案】D、A、B、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們描述了實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥類可以“讀懂”人類的凝視，科學(xué)家們推測(cè)也許鳥類也是用眼睛交流的，人類一直以來(lái)都忽視了鳥類的心理世界。

1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whenpresentedwithapreferredfood,hand-raisedjackdawstooksignificantlylongertogettherewardwhenapersonwasdirectinghiseyestowardsthefoodthanwhenhewaslookingaway,accordingtotheresearchteamledbyNathanEmeryoftheUniversityofCambridgeandQueenMaryUniversityofLondon.Thebirdshesitatedonlywhenthepersonwasunfamiliarandthuspotentiallythreatening.(劍橋大學(xué)和倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)（由內(nèi)森·埃默里領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)被給予喜愛(ài)的食物時(shí)，如果有人在注視著食物，那么人工飼養(yǎng)的寒鴉獲取獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的時(shí)間會(huì)明顯長(zhǎng)于那人沒(méi)有注視食物時(shí)。只有當(dāng)這個(gè)人是陌生的且可能構(gòu)成威脅時(shí)，寒鴉才會(huì)表現(xiàn)出猶豫。)”可知，當(dāng)喂食人是不熟悉的人時(shí)，鳥類在面對(duì)喜歡的食物是猶豫之后才吃，故選D。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Unlikemostbirds,jackdaws’eyeshaveadarkpupilsurroundedbyasilverywhiteiris.Theresearcherssaidtheybelievejackdawsareprobablysensitivetohumaneyesbecause,asinhumans,eyesareanimportantmeansofcommunicationforthem.(與大多數(shù)鳥類不同，寒鴉的眼睛有一個(gè)黑色的瞳孔，周圍是銀白色的虹膜。研究人員說(shuō)，他們認(rèn)為寒鴉可能對(duì)人類的眼睛很敏感，因?yàn)楹腿祟愐粯?，眼睛是它們重要的交流手段?”可知，研究人員稱，寒鴉能注意到人眼的方向，可能是因?yàn)橄袢祟愐粯?，它們也用眼睛交流，故選A。

3.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thefindingsareparticularlynotablegiventhatmostotherspeciesinvestigatedsofar,includingourclosesrelativesthechimpanzeeand“man’sbestfriend,”thedog,arenotparticularlysensitivetoeyeorientationandeyegaze,vonBayernsaid.Rather,shecontinued,chimpsanddogsseemtorelyonothercuessuchasheadorbodyorientationindeterminingthelookingdirectionofothers.Theresultssuggestthatbirdsmaydeservemorerespectfortheirmentalabilities.(馮·拜仁說(shuō)，考慮到迄今為止研究的大多數(shù)其他物種，包括我們的近親黑猩猩和“人類最好的朋友”狗，對(duì)眼睛的方向和凝視并不特別敏感，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)尤其值得注意。相反，她繼續(xù)說(shuō)，黑猩猩和狗似乎依靠其他信號(hào)，如頭部或身體的方向，來(lái)確定其他動(dòng)物的視線方向。研究結(jié)果表明，鳥類的智力應(yīng)該得到更多的尊重。)”可知，狗和黑猩猩對(duì)眼睛的方向和凝視并不特別敏感，而鳥類不一樣，故推知作者提到黑猩猩和狗是為了反映寒鴉能夠注意到凝視方向的獨(dú)特性，故選B。

4.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Wemayhaveunderstatedthepsychologicalworldofbirds,”vonBayernsaid.“Jackdaws,amongmanyotherbirds,formpairtiesforlifeandneedtohavemuchincommonandworktogetherwiththeirpartner,whichrequiresanefficientwayofcommunicatingandsensitivitytotheirpartner’sviewpoint.”(“我們可能低估了鳥類的心理世界，”馮·拜仁說(shuō)?！霸谠S多其他鳥類中，寒鴉是終生的伴侶關(guān)系，需要有很多共同點(diǎn)，并與伴侶一起工作，這需要一種有效的溝通方式，并對(duì)伴侶的觀點(diǎn)敏感。”)”可知，研究結(jié)果表明了我們可能低估了鳥類的心理世界，故選B。11~14.【答案】C、B、A、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了成功的秘密。

1.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Butnoteveryfailureleadstosuccess,headds.Andwhateventuallyseparatesthewinnersfromthelosers,theresearchshows,certainlyisnotpersistence.Oneofthemoreinterestingfindingsinthepaper,publishedlastOctoberin

Nature,isthatthepeoplewhoeventuallysucceededandthepeoplewhoeventuallyfailedtriedbasicallythesamenumberoftimestoachievetheirgoals.(但他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，并不是每一次失敗都會(huì)導(dǎo)致成功。研究顯示，最終區(qū)分贏家和輸家的，當(dāng)然不是堅(jiān)持不懈。去年10月發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的一篇論文中有一個(gè)更有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，那就是最終成功的人和最終失敗的人為實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所嘗試的次數(shù)基本相同。)”可知，更多的嘗試不一定會(huì)帶來(lái)成功。故選C。

2.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Inotherwords,thefasteryoufail,thebetteryourchancesofsuccess,andthemoretimebetweenattempts,themorelikelyyouaretofailagain.“Ifsomeonehasappliedforagrantandtheyarethreefailuresin,”Wangsays,“ifwejustlookatthetimingbetweenthefailures,wewillbeabletopredictwhethertheywilleventuallysucceedornot.”(換句話說(shuō)，失敗的速度越快，成功的機(jī)會(huì)就越大，兩次嘗試之間的間隔時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，再次失敗的可能性就越大?！叭绻腥松暾?qǐng)了一項(xiàng)資助，但他們失敗了三次，”王說(shuō)，“如果我們只看兩次失敗之間的時(shí)間間隔，我們就能預(yù)測(cè)他們最終是否會(huì)成功?！?”可知，從兩次失敗的時(shí)間間隔可以幫助預(yù)測(cè)最終是否能成功，即失敗有時(shí)可以幫助預(yù)測(cè)成功。故選B。

3.

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Workingwithsuchlarge-scaledata,Wangandhiscolleagueswereabletoidentifyacriticalpointthatwascommontoeachofthehun