高考英語分類匯編之閱讀理解中最難語篇

僅供個人學(xué)習(xí)參考僅供個人學(xué)習(xí)參考僅供個人學(xué)習(xí)參考高考英語分類匯編之閱讀理解中最難語篇筆者將18套卷進(jìn)行了分析，下面這些語篇應(yīng)該是令學(xué)生比較頭疼的文章，讓每周只有五課時的高中生來做的確有些難。每篇文章都給出了上榜理由。1.（2011·重慶卷）E【上榜理由】本文是一篇議論文。文章講的是懷疑論和環(huán)保媒體報道的關(guān)系，本文的確難懂。Skepticsarestangelot.Someofthemrefusetoadmittheseriousthreatofhumanactivitiestotheenviroment,andtheyaretiredofpeoplewhodisagreewiththem.Thosepeople,sayskeptics,spreadnotingbutbadnewsabouttheenvironment.The“eco-guilt”broughtonbythediscouragingnesaboutourplanetgivesrisetothepopularityodskepticeaspeoplesearchformorecomfortingworldviews.PerhapsthatexplainswhyanewbookbyBjornLomborgreceivedsomuchpublicity.Thatbook,TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist,declaresthatitmeasuresthe“realstateoftheworld”asfine.Ofcourse,anotherexplanationisthedeeppocketsofsomebigbusinesseswithspecialintererts.Indeed,Mr.Lomborg’sviewsaresimilartothoseofsomeIndustry-fundedorganizations,whichstarthugeactivitiesthoughthemediatoconfusethepublicaboatissueslikeglobalwarming.SoitwasstrangetoseeMr.Lomborg’sbookgolargelyunchallengedinthemediathoughhisbeliefswerecontrarytomostscientificopinions.OnenationalnewspaperinCanadarananumberofarticlesandreviewsfullofwordsofpraise,evenwiththeconclusionthat“AfterLomborg,theenvironmentalmovementwillbegintodiedown.”Suchone-sidedviewsshouldhaveimmediatelybeenchallenged.ButonlyadifferentreviewappearedinNature,arespectedsciencemagazinewithspecificreadership.ThereviewremarkedthatMr.Lomborg’s“preferenceforunexaminedmaterialsisincredible（不可信的）”。Acritical（批判的）eyeisvaluable,andthemediashouldpresentinformationinsuchawaythatcouldallowpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Unfortunately,thatisofteninaccessibleasblockedbythedesiretobeshockingortodefendsomespecialinterest.Peoplemightbecomehalf-blindbeforeaworldpartiallyexhibitedbythemedia.That’sashame,becausemattersconcerningthehealthoftheplanetarefartooimportanttobetreatedlightly.72.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayberegardedas“skeptics”?A.Peoplewhoagreeonthepopularityof“eco-guilt”.B.Peoplewhodisbelievetheserioussituationofourplanet.C.Peoplewhodisliketheharmfuleffectofhumanactivities.D.Peoplewhospreadcomfortingnewstoprotectourenvironment.73.WhichofthefollowingcanbeareasonforthepopularityofLomborg’sbooks?A.Somebigbusinessesintendtoprotecttheirowninterests.B.Thebookchallengesviewsaboutthefinestateofthewirld.C.Theauthorconvincespeopletospeakcomfortingworldviews.D.Industry–fundedmediapresentconfusinginformation.74.TheauthormentionedthereviewinNatureinorderto____.A.voiceadifferentopinionB.findfaultwithLomborg’sbookC.challengetheauthorityofthemediaD.pointoutthevalueofscientificviews.75.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassenger?A.Toencouragetheskepticstohaveacriticaleye.B.Towarnthepublicofthedangerofhalf–blindnesswithreviews.C.Toblamethemedia’slackofresponsibilityininformation.D.Toshowtheimportanceofpresentingoverallinformationbythemedia.【答案】72---75BAAD2.（2011·四川卷）E【上榜理由】文章講的是商戰(zhàn)中一味追求速度的弊端，討論了追求速度和加速發(fā)展的關(guān)系。本話題中學(xué)生的確不熟悉，令人難懂。Inbusiness,there’saspeeddifference:It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirmsleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive(競爭的)strategy（策略）andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfulorlosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack,What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup“improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearsperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower“and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,highperformingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideaanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookandlearn.Bycontrast(相比而言).Performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfaltalltheamongtheiremployer,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge”inParagraph2mean?A.Increasethespeed.B.Getanadvantage.C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal58.Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means___________.A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse.B.spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC.spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD.spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter59.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.B.howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.C.Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.D.Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.60.Wherecouldbethelasttitleforthetext?A.Improvequality?Servebetter.B.Delivervalue?Ploughahead.C.Reducetime?Movefaster.D.Needspeed?Slowdown.【答案】57—60BDCD3.（2011·廣東卷）D【上榜理由】本文是一篇議論文。文章闡述了傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式給地球帶來了許多危害。這種發(fā)展模式破壞了森林、使全球氣候變暖?，F(xiàn)在低碳、可持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式成為許多國家的發(fā)展主流方向。中國政府正在充分發(fā)揮潛能大力開發(fā)新的低耗能、低排放的新能源市場。文章涉及國家的發(fā)展大政策、方針，學(xué)生知之甚少。Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources(資源),theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持續(xù)的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeepthehealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapopulartrendinmanycountries.Accordingtoarecentstudy,theglobalmarketforlow-carbonenergywillbecomethreetimesbiggeroverthenextdecade.China,forexample,hassetitsmindonleadingthatmarket,hopingtoseizechancesinthenewroundoftheglobalenergyresolution.Itisnowtryinghardtomadefulluseofwindandsolarenergy,andisspendingahugeamountofmoneymakingelectriccarsandhigh-speedtrains.Inaddition,wearealsoseeinggreatgrowthintheglobalmarketsforsustainableproductssuchaspalmoil(棕櫚油),whichisproducedwithoutcuttingdownvaluablerainforest.Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownmorethan50%.Governmentscanfullydevelopthepotentialofthesenewmarkets.First,theycansethightargetsforreducingcarbonemissions(排放)andtargetsforsavingandreusingenergy.Besides,strongerarrangementofpublicresourceslikeforestscanalsohelptospeedupthedevelopment.Finally,governmentscanavoidthehugepublicexpensesthataretakingusinthewrongdirection,andredirectingsomeofthoseexpensescanacceleratethechangefromthetraditionalmodeltoasustainableone.Themajorchallengeofthiscenturyistofindwaystomeettheneedsofagrowingpopulationwithinthelimitsofthissingleplanet.Thatisnosmalltask,butitoffersabundantnewchancesforsustainableproductindustries.41.ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat____.A.itmakestheworldwarmerB.itconsumesnaturalresourcesC.itbringsseveredamagetofutureD.itmakesgrowthhardtocontinue42.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.ChinalackswindandsolarenergyB.Chinaistheleaderofthelow-carbonmarketC.High-speedtrainsarealow-carbondevelopmentD.Palmoilismadeatthecostofvaluableforests43.Tofullydevelopthelow-carbonmarketsgovernmentscan______.A.cutpublicexpensesB.forbidcarbonemissionC.developpublicresourcesD.encourageenergyconservation44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatbusinesshavemanychancesto_______.A.developsustainableproductsB.explorenewnaturalresourcesC.makefulluseofnaturalresourcesD.dealwiththemajorchallenge45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TointroduceanewbusinessmodelB.TocomparetwobusinessmodelsC.TopredictachangeoftheglobalmarketsD.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment【答案】41.B42.C43.D44.A45.D4.（2011·浙江卷）D【上榜理由】文章雖說是一篇記敘文，但文章時間、思緒跨度較大再加上文章字?jǐn)?shù)（625個）較多而費解。ItwasSaturday.Asalways,itwasabusyone,for“Sixdaysshallyoulaborandallyourwork”wastakenseriouslybackthen.Outside,FatherandMr.Patricknextdoorwerebusychoppingfirewood.Insidetheirownhouses,MotherandMrs.Patrickwereengagedinspringcleaning.Somehowtheboyshadslippedawaytothebacklotwiththeirkites.Now,evenattheriskofhavingBrothercaughttobeatcarpets,theyhadsenthimtothekitchenformorestring(線).Itseemedtherewasnolimittotheheightstowhichkiteswouldflytoday.Mymotherlookedatthesittingroom,itsfurnituredisorderedforathoroughsweeping.Againshecastalooktowardthewindow.“Comeon,girls!Let’stakestringtotheboysandwatchthemflythekitesaminute.”O(jiān)nthewaywemetMrs.Patric,laughingguiltilyasifsheweredoingsomethingwrong,togetherwithhergirls.Thereneverwassuchadayforflyingkites!Weplayedallourfreshstringintotheboys’kitesandtheywentuphigherandhigher.Wecouldhardlydistinguishtheorange-coloredspotsofthekites.Nowandthenweslowlypulledonekiteback,watchingitdancingupanddowninthewind,andfinallybringingitdowntoearth,justforthejoyofsendingitupagain.Evenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies.“Perhapsit’slikethisinthekingdomofheaven,”Ithoughtconfusedly.Itwasgrowingdarkbeforeweallwalkedsleepilybacktothehoused.Isupposewehadsomesortofsupper.Isupposetheremusthavebeensurfacetidying-up,forthehouseonSundaylookedcleanandorderlyenough.Thestrangethingwas,wedidn’tmentionthatdayafterward.Ifeltalittleembarrassed.SurelynoneoftheothershadbeenasexcitedasI.Ilockedthememoryupinthatdeepestpartofmewherewekeep“thethingsthatcannotbeandyettheyare.”Theyearswenton,thenonedayIwashurryingaboutmykitcheninacityapartment,tryingtogetsomeworkoutofthewaywhilemythree-year-oldinsistentlycriedherdesireto“gopark,seeduck.”“Ican’tgo!”Isaid.“Ihavethisandthistodo,andwhenI’mthroughI’llbetootiredtowalkthatfar.”Mymother,whowasvisitingus,lookedupfromthepeasshewasshelling.“It’sawonderfulday,”sheoffered,“reallywarm,yetthere’safinebreeze.Doyourememberthatdayweflewkites?”Istoppedinmydashbetweenstoveandsink.Thelockeddoorflewopenandwithitarushofmemories.“Comeon,”Itoldmylittlegirl.“You’reright,it’stoogoodadaytomiss.”Anotherdecadepassed.Wewereintheaftermath(余波)ofagreatwar.Alleveningwehadbeenaskingourreturnedsoldier,theyoungestPatrickBoy,abouthisexperiencesasaprisonerofwar.Hehadtalkedfreely,butnowforalongtimehehadbeensilent.Whatwashethinkingof---whatdarkandhorriblethings?“Say!”Asmilesippedoutfromhislips.“Doyouremember---no,ofcourseyouwouldn’t.Itprobablydidn’tmaketheimpressiononyouasitdidonme.”Ihardlydaredspeak.“Rememberwhat?”“IusedtothinkofthatdayalotinPOWcamp(戰(zhàn)俘營),whenthingsweren’ttoogood.Doyourememberthedayweflewthekites?”56.Mrs.Patrickwaslaughingguiltilybecauseshethought________.A.shewastoooldtoflykites B.herhusbandwouldmakefunofherC.sheshouldhavebeendoingherhow D.supposedtothedon’tgame57.By“wewereallbesideourselveswritermeansthattheyall________.A.feltconfused B.wentwildwithjoy C.lookedon D.forgottheirfights58.Whatdidthethinkafterthekite-flying?A.Theboysmusthavehadmorefunthanthegirls.B.Theyshouldhavefinishedtheirworkbeforeplaying.C.Herparentsshouldspendmoretimewiththem.D.Alltheothersmusthaveforgottenthatday.59.Whydidthewriterfinallyagreetotakeherlittlegirlforanouting?A.Shesuddenlyrememberedherdutyasamother.B.Shewasremindedofthedaytheyflewkites.C.Shehadfinishedherworkinthekitchen.D.Shethoughtitwasagreatdaytoplayoutside.60.TheyoungestPatrickboyismentionedtoshowthat______.A.thewriterwasnotaloneintreasuringherfondmemoriesB.hisexperienceinPOWcampthrewashadowoverhislifeC.childhoodfriendshipmeanssomuchtothewriterD.peoplelikehimreallychangedalotafterthewar【解析】56.答案C。細(xì)節(jié)分析題。找到文中出現(xiàn)laughingguilty的上下文，原本大人們都在熱火朝天地springclean，MrsPatrick，“Comeon,girls!Let’stakestingtotheboysandwatchthemflythekitesaminute.”O(jiān)nthewaywemetMrs.Patrick,Iaughingguiltilyasifsheweredoingsomethingwrong,togetherwithhergirls.大人和小孩一起放風(fēng)箏，把家務(wù)放在一邊，所以感到很罪過。57.答案B。解答此題聯(lián)系后文，parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies,可以看出大人小孩放風(fēng)箏的時候都很high,幾近瘋狂。58.答案D。如果只看完第六段就做此題的話，很容易誤選D，因為此段中大人小孩玩得很瘋，很多學(xué)生很容易先入為主，想當(dāng)然地表達(dá)“父母應(yīng)該多陪孩子”的思想。但是我們看第七段，“Thestrangethingwas,wedidn’tmentionthatdayafterwardIfeltalittleembarrassed.SurelynoneoftheoftheothershadbeenasexcitedasI.”作者認(rèn)為，只有他一個人還記得當(dāng)初那個放風(fēng)箏的美好時刻，而其他人都忘記了，所以選D。59.答案B。原本這位母親用各種借口來推脫孩子想去外面玩的要求，但是當(dāng)母親的母親回憶起當(dāng)日那個放風(fēng)箏的日子時，往日美好的場景開始充斥這位母親的思緒，所以她欣然答應(yīng)外出。60.答案A。第七段作者覺得只有自己還封存著那個美好的餓回憶，自己是孤單的，但是這個從戰(zhàn)場回來的男孩，卻也是靠著那個美好的回憶在戰(zhàn)俘營中生存了下來，所以A，作者不是一個人在珍惜那段記憶。5.（2011·江蘇卷）C【上榜理由】這是一篇科技說明文。文章介紹了一種新型的發(fā)電裝置。學(xué)生單憑對文章的文字理解較難把握文意。AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigwattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlarge-scaledeepwaterwindturbine(渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)).Althoughitusesafairlystandard152-ton,2.3-megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar(seepicture),atechnologyHywind’screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecable(纜索)；thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind’sstability(穩(wěn)定性)inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar’stodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox(變速箱)sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades(seepicture)Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.63.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof_______.A.thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB.thesparwhichisfloatingindeep-seawaterC.thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD.thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface64.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonaflattingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting____________.A.ontheseafloorB.onthespartopC.atsealevelD.behindtheblades65.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan____________.A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD.explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea63.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句可知，該工程采用了全新的技術(shù)，是為了確保漂浮在深海水域中的圓材的穩(wěn)定。64.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，為了使較大的渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)能在圓材上保持平衡，公司計劃設(shè)計新的發(fā)電機(jī)，其變速箱在海平面上。65.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，深海風(fēng)能技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用可能會在海洋上開發(fā)出可使用的低碳能源。6.（2011·湖北卷）C【上榜理由】C篇講得是關(guān)于處理、回收垃圾，這個話題無疑是現(xiàn)今最熱點的問題之一。是偏難的議論文。Intoday’sthrow-awaysociety,dealingwiththecity’sgrowingmountainofwasteisanincreasingchallengeforthecitycouncil（市議會）.Recently,Edinburghisfacedwiththeproblemofdisposingof（處理）about250,000milliontonsofwasteayear.Despitedifferentwaystodisposeofmuchofitinagreenmanner—largelythroughencouragingrecycling—itsagingfacilitiessuchasthePowderhalllandfilldonothavetheabilitytodealwithit.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)hasissuedanewpolicy,regulatinghowsuchmountainsofwastearetobedisposedof.Thefivecouncils(Edinburgh,EastLothian,WestLothian,MidlothianandBorders)facefinesaround￡18millionayearfrom2013iftheydon’tincreaserecyclinglevelsandrelylessonlandfill.Withthisinmind,thecouncilsgottogetherwiththeideaofbuildingalargeincineratorplant（垃圾焚燒廠）toburnhalfofthewasteproducedintheirdistricts.ButthisplanfellapartafterthechangeoftargetlevelsbyanewUKgovernmentwastepolicywhichrequiredthatnomorethan25%ofthecity’swasteshouldbedisposedofinthiswayby2025.Aftertheplanwasabandoned,aprivatecompanywhichalreadytransportedmillionsoftonsofthecity’swastebytraintoalandfillsitenearDunbar,offeredanalternativesolutionwhenitsuggestedopeningahugewastesitenearPortobello.SincePowderhallissupposedtoclosein2015,itseemednecessaryforthemembersoftheEdinburghCounciltoacceptthesuggestion.Butsoontheyturneditdown—after700localobjectionsreachedthem—becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoisethroughheavilypopulatedareas.Thatstillleavesthecouncilwithaproblem.By2013,only50%of1995levelsofwastewillbeallowedtobesenttolandfill.Evenifrecyclingtargetsaremet,therewillstillbealargeamountofrubbishtobeburntup.Duetothis,EdinburghandMidlothiancouncilshavenowdecidedtoworktogethertobuildanincineratorplantastimetofindasolutionisfastrunningout.59.ThemainwayofhandlingwasteinagreenmannerinEdinburghis________. A.recycling B.restoring C.burying D.burning60.Thefivecouncilsworkedoutaplantobuildanincineratorplantto________. A.reducethecostofburyingwaste B.meettheEUrequirements C.speedupwasterecycling D.replacelandfillsites61.ThecitycouncilofEdinburghrejectedthesuggestiontoopenahugelandfillsitenearPortobellobecause________. A.itcamefromaprivatecompany B.thecouncilwasnotinterestedinit C.itwasnotsupportedbyEU D.thelocalpeoplewereagainstit62.WhatisthefinaldecisionofEdinburghandMidlothianCouncils? A.Toopenanewlandfillnearby. B.ToclosethePowderhalllandfillin2015. C.Tosetupaplanforburningwaste. D.Topersuadepeopletodeducetheirwaste.【答案】C篇： 59.A 60.B 61.D 62.C7.（2011·湖南卷）C【上榜理由】這是一篇科普說明文，文章較長令人費解。ArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)speciesThediscoverywasmadebyresearchersatYorkandHarvarduniversitieswhentheywereexaminingthegeneticrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothandmastodontomodernelephants—theAsianelephant,AfricanforestelephantandAfricansavannaelephantOncetheyobtainedDNAsequences(序列)fromtwofossils(化石)，mammothsandmastodonstheteamcomparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants.TheyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths.ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantsandtheAfricanforestelephantshavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespeciesbutthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies.Previously,manynaturalistsbelievedthatAfricansavannaelephantsandAfricanforestelephantsweretwopopulationsofthesamespeciesdespitetheelephants’significantsizedifferences.Thesavannaelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof3.5metreswhiletheforestelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof2.5metres.Thesavannaelephantweighsbetweensixandseventons,roughlydoubletheweightoftheforestelephant.Butthefactthattheylooksodifferentdoesnotnecessarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies.However,theprooflayintheanalysisoftheDNA.AlfredRoca,assistantprofessorinthedepartmentofAnimalSciencesattheUniversityofMinois,said,“Wenowhavetotreattheforestandsavannaelephantsastwodifferentunitsforconservationpurpose.Since1950allAfricanelephantshavebeenconservedasonespecies.Nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctanimals,theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority(優(yōu)先)forconservationpurpose.”66.Oneofthefossilsstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof________.A.theAsianelephantB.theforestelephantC.thesavannaelephantD.themastodonelephant67.Theunderlinedword“divergence”inparagraph4means“________”A.evolutionB.exhibitionC.separationD.examination68.Theresearcher’sconclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant’s____________A.DNAB.heightC.weightD.population69.WhatwereAlfredRoca’swordsmainlyabout?A.TheconversationofAfricanelephants.B.ThepurposeofstudyingAfricanelephantsC.ThewaytodivideAfricanelephantsintotwounitsD.ThereasonforthedistinctionofAfricanelephants70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Naturalist’sBeliefaboutElephants.B.AmazingExperimentaboutElephantsC.AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephantsD.ALongscientificDebateaboutElephants66.fossils定位，找到第三段第一句，有兩種fossils，mam和mas，選項D67.文中divergenceofthetwospecies指代前文theAseandtheAfehavebeendistinctspecies,divergence與distinct同義替換，對應(yīng)選項C68.conclusion,basedon定位，找到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句layin與basedon同義替換，答案：A69.AR定位，找到倒數(shù)第一段，從AR的話中，第一句forconservationpurpose,最后一句forconservationpurpose確定A70.文章首句點明全文主旨，答案：C8.（2011·天津卷）D【上榜理由】文章講得是模仿與創(chuàng)新的關(guān)系，較難。Blindimitation(模仿)isself-destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth.Imitationappearsattractive:tothosewhoknowtheirstrength.Imitationisunacceptable.Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment,imitationishelpful.WhenIfirstlearnedtocook,Iusedrecipes(菜譜)andturnedoutsometastydishes.ButsoonIgrewbored.Whyfollowsomeoneelse’swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown?Imitatingrolemodelsislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild’sbicycle;theyhelpyougetgoing,butonceyoufindyourownbalance,youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem.Indailylife,imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously(下意識地)holdpoorrolemodels.If,asachild,youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad,youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid.Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself,youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers.Inthefieldofentertainment,ourcultureglorifiescelebrities.Thosestarslookgreatonscreen.Butwhentheystepoffscreen,theirpersonallivesmaybedisastrous.Ifyouaregoingtofollowsomeone,focusontheirtalent,nottheirbadcharacterorunacceptablebehaviors.Blessedisthepersonwillingtoactontheirsuddendesiretocreatesomethingunique.Thinkofthemovies,books,teachers,andfriendsthathaveaffectedyoumostdeeply.Theytouchedyoubecausetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiration,notdesperation.Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebeforethem,butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem.Creativepeoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas.Theproblemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutofmaterial;itiswhattodowiththematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination.Studyyourrolemodels,acceptthegiftstheyhavegiven,andleavebehindwhatdoesnotserver.Thenyoucansay,“Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors”tragediesanddeclarevictory,andknowthattheyarecheeringon.51.Imitationprovesusefulwhenyou.A.knowyouareuniqueB.losethebalanceoflifeC.begintolearnsomethingnewD.gettiredofroutinepractice52.Toavoidthebadresultofimitation,weshould________.A.forgetdailyfearandpainB.choosetherightexampleC.askothersfordecisionsD.stayawayfromstars53.Accordingtotheauthor,theworldmovesonbecauseofthosewhoare.A.desperatetoinfluenceotherswiththeirknowledgeB.readytoturntheiroriginalideasintorealityC.eagertodiscoverwhattheirancestorsdidD.willingtoacceptothers’ideas54.Thetroubleacreatorfacesis.A.thelackofstrongmotivationB.theabsenceofpracticalideasC.howtosearchformorematerialsD.howtouseimaginationcreatively55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcreatively.B.Tocriticizethecharactersofrolemodels.C.Tocompareimitationwithcreation.D.Toexplainthemeaningofsuccess.【答案】51----55CBBDA9.（2011·福建卷）ETheinternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景)，createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That,atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipswithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.Theproblemistwofold（雙重的）.First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest（投入）inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributionwhat’sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline（減弱）untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”.Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn’tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomovetotheothersideoftheworld.72.Whatisstressedinthefirstparagraph?A.Thepresentsituationoftheinternet.B.Thedifficultyincommunicationontheinternet.C.Thesociallyvaluablefunctionoftheinternet.D.Theroleofthehumanmindintheinternetcommunication.73.Theunderlinedword“engagement”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.appointmentB.connectionC.interviewD.agreement74.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorholdstheviewthat.A.theinternetfailstoplaysovaluablearoleincommunicationasitpromisedB.theInternetdeterminesthequalityofsocialrelationshipsC.theinternetgreatlyincreasesthesizeofsocialcirclesD.theinternetcommunicationisnolesseffectivethantheface-to-facetalk75.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseoftheinternettostrengthenrelationships?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.HeishopefulofitC.HeapprovesofitD.Hedoubtsit【答案】DBAD10.（2011·江西卷）D【上榜理由】本文是一篇關(guān)于開發(fā)太空的議論文，難度較大。Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因構(gòu)成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineral