外研版英語四年級下冊教案備課(三年級起點(diǎn))

課時新授教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)1:Beabletolistenandpointtotheconversation.2:Beabletosaytheconversationproficiently.Thestudentscanintrodsomeone準(zhǔn)備picture教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖1.Warmer1.Greetings:Say"HappyNewYear"tothestudents.Greetings2.LeadthemtosinganEnglishsongnamether.HappyNewYear.3.TellthestudentswhattheydidduringeachNewyearisbeginnWelcomethestudentsthewinterholiday.SinganEnglishsongbacktoschool.4.Tellthestudentsnewplaninthenewtogether.2.NewlessonSaywhattheydidEachonewants______________________________________________sentence.holiday.classmateswhatthey2.Listenagainandagainafterit.didduri3.Workinpairs:Onestudentspointtoapictureandaboutthenewroducethepersoninthepicture,theotheronelistens,thenchange.ListentothetapeToimprovethe4.Findsomepairstocometothefronttndpoint.pupils'listening.out.tape.conversationrightly.Tomakethestudentsbetter.Mostofthestudentscansaytheconversationproficiently.Afew課后反思needtopracticemore.課題1.Beabletointroduce教學(xué)目標(biāo)2.Beabletoworkinpairs.____________________________________________________________________________________________教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動3.listentothetape.Talkaboutownfamilyandfriends.學(xué)生活動studentsIntroducethe設(shè)計意圖pictures.pictures.conversationtheyhave2.GooverthedialoguetheyconversationinUnitOne.3.LookatsomepicturesandintroduceMaomaopupils'abilityofMsSmart,XiaoyongMaomao,MsSmartParrot,etc.Xiaoyong,parrotpoint2.Listenagainandreadafterabilityofhearing.3.Explaintheconversation.photosofyourfamilyorfriendsTranslatethedialogue.theabilityofhesring.______________________________________________toyourclassmate.5.Fourstudentsgroup,introduceothers.familyorfriend.Accordingtotheexplanation,thepupilscanunderstandthetsxtbetter.Thepupilscanknowmoreeachother.課后Thislessonissoeasy.Iteachthemrea課題課題Friends課時綜合教學(xué)目標(biāo)actions.2.Beabletotalkaboutyourclassmates.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備Beabletotalkaboutthearec______________________________________________classmates.教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖1.TakeoutthephotosoffamilyorIntroducetheirconversationtheyfriendsandintroducefamlyorfriendtohavelearnt.theclassmates.words:naughty,shy,clever,nice,cool,etc.ToreadthewordsReadthewordspoem.moretimes.proficientlyandrightly.Askandanswerinpairs.Listentothestudents'hearing.tapeandpoint.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖Theclass'atmospher課后反思playagame.Tgeyareveryhappy.______________________________________________Module2課題課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)2.BeabletodoaccordingtotheteachBeabletodescribeacityoraplace.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動ssroom,pickupanLookattheteacherobjectandsay“What’s設(shè)計意圖teacher’squestion.toanotherobject2.Domanyexamplesw3.Havethestudentsdandanswersomequestions.Makethestudentspairs.RemindthemthewordTodoactivitybetter.“this”isusedforpeopleordotheactivityinobjectsaretouchingorclose______________________________________________iftheycanworkLookatthepictureand教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖教師活動outwhatishappening2.Aftercompleting‘Listtenandpoint’,reviseAnswersomequestiToimprovethest‘bigandsmall’.on.udents’hearing.3.pickuporpointtoob4.Nowpointtosomeofthestorthingsinthestorotheroneasks.Toimpryandhaveindividualityofsp課后Mostofthepupilscanreadwell.Afewofth課時拓展______________________________________________教學(xué)目標(biāo)beautiful.2.Beabletodescribeplacesorthings.Beabletodescribeplacesorthings.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖1.ReviseabjectivesaregoingtosayanListentotheteacherthestudentscanrememberabjective.carefully.them.TheyhavetofindsomethingintheirbooksthattheThestudentshavetofindadjectivedescribes.Asktwosomethingintheirbookswhichobjecttheyclose.describes.improvetheirlistning.______________________________________________教師活動教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖2.TellthestudentscloseThestudentshavetosaytheirbooksandexplainthethesecondwordofthefirstwordofatwo_wordtwo_wordname.placename.3.Havethestudentscontunueworkinpairstheactivityinpairs.goingtosayadjectivesandThetheyhavetothinkofGuessthecityormonumentdescribeplacesorthings.monumentsinChinathattheseinChinaaccordingtotheadjectivesdescribes.teacher.反思Theymustpracticemoreafterclass.課題課題London課時綜合1.saythewordsofthisModule.教學(xué)目標(biāo)2.canreadthedialogueroduceaplaceaccordingtothemodule.Beabletodescribeplacesorthings.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖______________________________________________london。thismodule.thestudentscanrememberChinese,studentstranslatethewordsintoEnglish.torememberthedialogue.PracticethespeakingGooverthedialogue.ability.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖workinpairsLondonBridge.listenandlearn.SingasongtoknowmoreaboutLondon.______________________________________________課后反Somestudentscanusethewordstointrod思seethattheyarenotfamiliartothedialogue.Practicemoreandmore.Module3課時課時新授1.Learnaboutthefuturetense.“Willyou……?”教學(xué)目標(biāo)2.Beabletoaskandanswerinpairs.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖pretendtheyaregoingonapicnic.Getthemtothinkofthingstheymighttake,WritePretendthey’regoingthewordsontheBeabletomakeaboard.Encouragetheonapicnic.studentstothinkofbothplanandtalkabout______________________________________________objectsandfood.Thinkofthingstheymighttake.theirbooks.I’mgoingtoplayhetape.Theyhavetoanswerquestion.Closetheirbooks.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖2.Afterlistening,asListentothetapeandthestudentscankthestudentsifanythingsanthelistarequestmentionedonthetape.s.listening.oneobjectthey’regoingtoChooseoneobjecttheytakeonthepicnic.willtakeonthepicnic.4.Askthemquestions.TohavetheofthestudentshavewrittenFindwhoisthewinner.class’atmosphere.down,thosestudentsmuststandup.反思Thestudentsareveryinterestedinthepicnic.sotheylearnedwell.______________________________________________課題教學(xué)目標(biāo)Unit2:OnMondayI’課時課時拓展1.Beabletotalkaboutthepl2.Learntosay:Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday…Sunday.3.Drills:WillyouplayfootballonMonday?教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程Talkabouttheplansaboutthesevendaysofaweek.arecorder教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖1.WritethenumbersHavethempredictthewordsMondaytoSundayunderwords,Monday,Tuesdayandsotheweeks.thenumbers.on.2.NowtellthestudentsI’havetouseanordinalTheyhavetouseanordinal1.HavethestudentssugactivitiesthattheydoandThestudentscansay______________________________________________writealistantheSaysomeactivities.gomanyattractions.board,eg.playfootballrideswimming,readabook,watchabike,etc.TV,etc.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖2.Thendrawthefollowingcalendarontheboard.3.Havethestudentscope,thecalendarintheirexercisebooks.Theyshouldwriteactivitiseonthecalendar.4.thenhavethestudentsworkinpairsandtelloneFromthisactivity,anotherwhatwilldoontheWorkinParisandtellthepupilscanimprovesevendaysoftheweek.anotheronesth.theirorals.課后Theclass’atmosphereisveryhigh.Thestudentsareinterestedi反思activities.we’lldone!課題課題Picnic課時綜合1.Learntosaydrills:WhatwillshanshandoonMonday?教學(xué)目標(biāo)2.LearntosinganEnglishsong.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)doinaweek.準(zhǔn)備arecorder教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖______________________________________________thepictureandsaywhattypeLookatthepictureandsayToimprovethestudents’ofsongthisis.thenamesofanyclappin2.Playthetapeandletthesongorgamestheyknow.melody.ThenplaythespokenHavetheclasssingtheThepupilsaregladtothestudentsrepesteachstudentsaskandanswer.WhatMonday?OnMondayshe’llgoListentothetapeswimming.教師活動學(xué)生活動Fromthisactivity,設(shè)計意圖shanshanwilldoinotheraskandanswedaysoftheweek.pairs.3.Playagame:TodayisMondayandtomorrowisTuesday.Playagame.thestudentsarelisteningandspeaking.3.FourstudentsareSaywhatdayis______________________________________________Talkaboutit.todayortomorrowonebyone.Inthislesson,mostofthestudentsdidverywell.Iwasveryglad.IhopeModule4課題課時課題教學(xué)目標(biāo)2.Beabletotalkaboutsomethingwith“will”.Beabletodescribetheabilitieswith教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖教師活動______________________________________________1.OntheboarddrawaAftertalkingaboutrobot.Thenwrite“Itcan….”Havepairsofstudentsundertherobot.cometothefront.therobots,theycan2.pointtotherobotagainStudentsAsayswhattheimprovetheinthenpickupabookanddoestheaction.terestsaboutthem.pretendtoread.Thechildrenareveryhappy.lookatthepicture.AskLookatthepicturesandquestioninChinese.answerthequestion.2.NowsaythatI;mToimprovethestudents’goingtocalloutthenamesofabilityoftranslation.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖erentobjectsandpeopleinthepictureListentotheteacherandsandthestudentshavetop3.ExplaintothestudentI’differentpicturesinActivity3andmakeThepupilsareabletostatementsaboutthem.Havethestudentsdescribetheabilitieswith4.Doalotofexampleswithcontinuetheactivityin“can”.theclass.pairs.A______________________________________________shouldswaproles.Studentsareinterestedintherobot,especiallytorecording,sothey課后canreaditverywell.課題教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動I.Warmer2:Willit課時1.Beabletosay:ItwilBeijing?Yes,itwill./No,itwon’t.2.Beabletosaytheweatherreport.Beabletotalkabouttheweather.學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖1.IntroducesomeofthenewNowperformmimestoshowvocabularybydrawingsomethestudentsthemeaningpicturestorepresenoftheotherweatherThiscanhavethetthedifferentweaconditionsormaketherpatterns.astatementandhavethestudents’atmospher2.Writetheappropiatstudentstodoe‘weather’wordsunanappropriatemime.e______________________________________________derneathandplacethepicturesonthewalloftheclassroom.II.NewlessonClosetheirbooks1.HavethestudentssaythetypeofweatherinToincreasethepupils’cthecity.listeningability.losetheirbooks.C教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖typeofweatherinth2.Dolotofexamples.ThestudentsshouldThenhavethestudecontinuetheactivityinntscontinuetheactivitypairs.inpairs.3.ListentothetapeListentothetapeandreadthestudents’studyandraedafterit.afterthetapetogether.interests.tofamiliarisethestudentswiththenewvocabulary.somepupils.theyusuallysay“berain”.Domorereading.______________________________________________課題Robots課時綜合1.Beabletosay:willitbewindyinBeijing?Yes,itwill./No,it教學(xué)目標(biāo)won’t.Willitbesunnytomorrow?教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備future.arecorder教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖1.greetings.2.Lookoutsideandsay:It’Toincreasethepupils’s[typeofweather]today.HoldCapetheteacher’sappropiateweathersymbol.I’exanple,andaskand3.FollowthesameprodureforToknownewwords’theremainingnunciation.thebooksan______________________________________________LookatthebooksandsayListenmoretimes,sotheywhattheythinkthechantcanwill教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖willbeabout(theweather).speskcorrectlytheirfavouritetimeofyearbeabouttheweather.preferbeinghotorcold.3.Playthetapeandhavethistentothetapeclasssaythechantastheyandsaythechant.Studyinpairsthe4.PlayagamepupilscanhelpeachWillitbesunnytomorrow?Playagameandworkinother.pairsother.expressthenearlysamemeaning.butexpressthenearlysamemeaning.butalsohassomedefference.Module5課題課題______________________________________________1.Beabletocomparesize:Amy’stallerthanLingling.教學(xué)目標(biāo)I‘molderthanlingling.Issamstrongerthanlingling?教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)Beabletocompareanddescribethedifferents準(zhǔn)備betweentwopeople.教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖thatyouaregoingtogiveThestudentshavetodowhatthemsomeinstructionsandteachersay.theyhavetodowhatyoulesson.2.DomanyexampleswithHavethestudentscontinuethetheclassandactivityinpairs.usethegametorevisevocabularyIncreasetheMakesurethatthestudentscanfollowthepupils’happyinstructionswhileseated.feelings.3.before______________________________________________教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖frontoftheclass.Standfrontoftheclass.TheothersThiscanhelpthethemnexttoeachothershouldsaywhoistallepractiseoral.4.ListentotheListentothetapeandreadafter5.Nowhaveanotherpairscometothefrontchooseacompetentagainandagain.Tostudentandhavehim/hermakethecomparisoComparetwostudentswhoisincreasethen.taller/sgoulter/younger/older?4.Domoreexampleswithotherpairsofstudents.pupils;listeningability.課后Onlyafewpupilscan'tsaythecanversationwell.Theyhavetopractise反思more.______________________________________________1.Beabletosay:TheChangjingRiverislongerthantheYellow教學(xué)目標(biāo)River.2.Listentothetapeandreadafterit.Beabletocompareanddescribet教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備arecorder教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖1.Playagame:IcanplaywithThestudentshavetoPaymoreattentionforanynames,Drawacircleonthingofsentencestothedoard.InthecomparetheanimalsEachtheclass.circle,randomlywritethetimetheysayanamesofsomeanimals.sentence,theyhavetogo2.BeforedoingtotheboardanddrawaActivity1,writethelinetoconnectthetwoPractisethepupils’followingontheboard:biganimalstogether.fatthin.Inaseparategroupabilitiesofspeaking.write:highlongsmall.abjectiveandtheyhavetoThestudentshavetosaycallthecomparativeformofBeabletolearntotheword.thecomparative.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖______________________________________________theword.2.HavethestudentsdothisWorkinpairs.Thiscanhavetheactivityinpairs.3.ListentothetapeandreadListentothetape.studentshelpeach4.Listentosay:TheGreatwallisolderother.TheChangjiangRiveristhanthelongerthantheYellowPalace.BeijingRiver.MountQomolangmaisthanTianjing.higherthanMountTai.Summerpupils’listening課后Studyatmosphereisveryhigh.Onlyafewpupils’oralEnglishneedsto反思practiesmore.課題課題Size課時綜合2.I’mtallerthanxiaoxiao,etc.2.Learntosaythepoem.arecorder教學(xué)過程學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)教師活動____________________________________________________________________________________________somegroupsFourstudentsareHaveeachsyudentsThiscangooverthesentence.sayonesentence.2.Workinpairs.EachpairsChinausingcomparatives.AskandanswerinabilitiesofII.Newteachingpairs.speaking.theyknoworrememberthewordsHavethestudentsBeabletopronouncethelookatthepicturewordsrightly.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖課后Mostofthepupils’cansaydialogueverywell.Butsomeone’s反思pronunciationneedstopractise.______________________________________________課題Module6課時新授betterthanhegirl.Thispictureisbad.Thispictureis教學(xué)目標(biāo)worse.2.Listentothetapeandrepeattheconversation.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動randomcomparatives.arecorder學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖followingadjectivesatAskthestudents2.Getindividualstudentstocalloutcomparedtotheotheroneoftheadjectivesandyousaythdjectivesinparativeform.list.______________________________________________comparativesbetterlouderworseworkinpairsandsmallerbigger.continuetodothetellmesayoutwhichFromlisteningtothecomparativestheytape,thepupilscan教師活動whichcomparativeshear.學(xué)生活動theyhear.improvetheirhearing.設(shè)計意圖3.Playthepassageonceandletthestudentslisten.Theyshouldhearlistengagiboth‘better’and‘worse’.4.Readtheconversationtogether.5.DevideintosomegroupsActoutThiscanimprovethetheconversationReadthedialoguestudents’speaking.6.Pointandsay.Thispictureistogether.good,Thispictureisbetter.Workinpairs.______________________________________________TheThestudentscansummarizethecomparativestallshortoldyoungstrong~拓展升華erbigfatthingoodbad.課題教學(xué)目標(biāo)課時課時拓展AmyisworsethanSam.Amyisbetter2.Workinpairs.﹙askandanswer﹚教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動準(zhǔn)備arecorderComparetwopersanswhois準(zhǔn)備arecorderwhoisworse?學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖Warmer1.OntheboardLookatthewordwritethefollowingblockboard.Fromthis,theycanimprovewords:popmusic,Chinesetheclass,atmosphere.musicjazz.typesofmusic.Iftheylikhouldstandup______________________________________________thatmusic,theyshouldstandup.Newteachingtapeandpoint.ListentothetapeandreadToimprovethestudents’2.Readaftertheafterit.hearing.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖ok.Havethemreadtheexampledialogue.Rexampledialogueintheirstudentscanpracticemore.groups.better?whoisworse?Playagame:twostudentsThestudentslearnto5.Playagame:Findact,andothersay.comparetwopersons.otherssaywhoisbetter?6.Workinpairs.Askandanswerinpairs.拓展Thestusentsareabletocompareothertwothings.Mostofthepupils’cansaneedstopractise.______________________________________________課題Music課時綜合Beabletoaskandanswerinpairs:Whatmusicdoyoulike?Ilikepopmusic.教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備music.arecorder教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖I’mgoingtocallouttheThestudentshavetoThiscanhavethestudenamesofdifferenttypesoflistentotheteacherlearnaboutalltypeofthemusic.Iftheylikethatcarefully,Ifmusic,theyshouldstandup.necessary,theystandup.thedifferentkindsofmusic,eg.Popmusic,chineseReadthemusiconthemusicjazz,dancemusic.blackboardmore.2.PutthestudendsintoTolearnaboutalltygroupsofthreeandgetthmusic.Havethemreadtheexampledialogueingroups.______________________________________________學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖4.WorkinpairsHavethestudentslookatThiscanimprovWhatmusicdoyoulike?thewordsofthesong.students’oralEnglish.Thestudentsareveryinterestedininstrumentverywell.1:CanlistensayandreadthewordsofModule7.2:Canlistensayandreadthesentence:Washshingtwords:eastwestnorthsouth5:能用英語談?wù)搰摇⑹锥?、城市及地理方位。______________________________________________與難點(diǎn)Canlistensayreadandwritethewords:eastwestnorth與難點(diǎn)Unit1…………………..1課時Unit2…………………..1課時2：多聽錄音，讓學(xué)生模仿語音語調(diào)。3：設(shè)計一些活動，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，提高學(xué)生的技能。Module7課題課時USA教學(xué)目標(biāo)2.Beabletoworkinpairs.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動Beabletotalkaboutcountries,capitals學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖1.ShowthestudentsamapUSA.2.Ifthefollowingnames______________________________________________arenotontheboard,writesyllablesandstress.AmericaNewYorkstudentstorepeatthem.MakeWashingtonFirsthavethestudentsSanFraancisclearnabouttheUSA.boardfor.thefollowingactivitysomethingandthestudentscityoracountry.教師活動ThestudentshavetoThestudentsacountry.English.學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖2.DrawaroughmapoftheUSAandmarktheplacesontheThiscmap.pupils'hearing.3.ListentothetapeandListenandreadafterthereadafterthetape.tape.4.Askandanswerinpairs:WhereisNewYork?It'sstudentshelpeachother.______________________________________________課課后Nameofthecitiesisnoteasytosay.theyarenotfamiliartoAmerica.反思Domorespeakingmayinprovethedialogue.課題課時拓展China.教學(xué)目標(biāo)2.Beabletoworkinpairs.3.listentothetape.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動2.freetalk:saysomethingaboutAmerica.學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖singLead______________________________________________Ⅱ.Newteaching.aboutAmerica2.Listentothetapeandreadafterthetape.findoutthefamousThestudentscancitiesinthemappractisanditsdirections.English.ListenandreadThiscanimpro教師活動學(xué)生活動3.Askandanswerinpairs:WhereisBeijing(Sanya,WashingD.C.,SanFrancisco)?,west)4.listenandsay,thensing.thepupils'hearing.設(shè)計意圖studentshelpeachother.Practisestudents’oralEnglish______________________________________________ThatThat’sgood.thewordsaboutdirectioniskeypointandimportantpoint.We課后反思板書設(shè)計Module7Unit2BeijingisthecapitalofChina.ThenameBeijingSanyaWashingtonD.C.SanFranciscocountryChinaChinaAmericaAmericaChineseChineseAmericanAmericandirectionnorthsoutheastwest課題Countries課時綜合教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.Beabletoworkinpairs.2.listentothetapeandrevision.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)Beabletoknowthefamouscities準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)過程教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖2.freetalk:saysomethinglearntosaysthaboutnewlessonaboutcountries.America______________________________________________readafterthetape.studentsshouldfindoutthefamousThestudentscanpractisedirections.ThiscanimproveListenandreadafterthepupils'hearing.教師活動學(xué)生活動pairs:saysomethingaboutcountries.Workinpairs.設(shè)計意圖Thiscanhavethestudentshelpeachother.Ⅲ.SummaryPleasesayWhatdoyouknowaboutPractisestudents’oralModule7English課后Thenameofacountry,it’scapital,whatdopeoplespeakalsoalittle反思difficulttothestudents.Woshouldpractiseitinourdailylife.______________________________________________課題課時新授教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)過程教師活動1.canuse“were”or“was2.Beabletounderstandthepasttense.3.listentothetape.Beabletounderstandthepasttense.準(zhǔn)備arecorder設(shè)計意圖設(shè)計意圖fingers”saysentencesuse“cute,naughty,clever,cool,niceoldphotoswhenwewaspast.young.saysentences.______________________________________________photo.Thisisme.Iwasthen.Pleasereadafterme.”LookatthebookBeabletounderstandthepasttense.教師活動學(xué)生活動設(shè)計意圖afterthetape.ListenandreadaftertheThiscanimprovethetape.