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Chapter1TheMiddleAgesGeoffreyChaucerGeoffreyChaucer(1343—1400)第一階段:始于14世紀(jì)60年代末代表作:TheBookoftheDuchess《悼公爵夫人》第二階段:始于14世紀(jì)70年代代表作:TheHouseofFame《聲譽之堂》

TroilusandCriseyde《特羅勒斯與克麗西德》第三階段:擺脫外國文學(xué)影響的成熟期代表作:TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》喬叟:“英國詩歌之父”,現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)的奠基人詩歌特點反映社會生活刻畫各階層人物倫敦方言TheCanterburyTales細(xì)微的筆觸,傳神的描寫,諷刺與幽默結(jié)合英國文學(xué)史上現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)作品的第一部杰作刻畫不同階層的市民形象體現(xiàn)早期人文主義者樂觀精神詩人前往坎特伯雷朝圣,在倫敦郊區(qū)的泰巴旅店碰上29位同去朝圣的信徒,遂相約結(jié)伴而行。為解旅途寂寞,眾人聽從酒店老板的建議,計劃在往返途中每人各講兩個故事。作者原計劃寫120個故事,但到作者去世時,只寫成一個引子和24個故事,其中還有兩個是散文體。TheCanterburyTales(excerpt)WhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;WhanZephiruseekwithhissweetebreethInspiredhathineveryholtandheethThetendrecroppes,andtheyongesonneHathintheRamhishalfecoursyronne,Andsmalefowelesmakenmelodye,Thatslepenalthenyghtwithopeneye-(SoprikethhemNatureinhircorages);ThannelongenfolktogoononpilgrimagesAndpalmeresfortosekenstraungestrondesTofernehalwes,kowtheinsondrylondes;AndspeciallyfromeveryshiresendeOfEngelond,toCaunterburytheywende,ThehoolyblisfulmartirfortosekeThathemhathholpen,whanthattheywereseeke.當(dāng)四月的甘霖滲透了三月枯竭的根須,沐灌了絲絲莖絡(luò),觸動了生機,使枝頭涌現(xiàn)出花蕾,當(dāng)和風(fēng)吹拂,使得山林莽原遍吐著嫩條新芽,青春的太陽已轉(zhuǎn)過半邊白羊?qū)m座,小鳥唱起曲調(diào),通宵睜開睡眼,是自然撥弄著它們的心弦;這時,人們渴望著朝拜四方名壇,游僧們也立愿跋涉異鄉(xiāng)。尤其在英格蘭地方,他們從每一州的角落,向著坎特伯雷出發(fā),去朝謝他們的救病恩主、福澤無邊的殉難圣徒。Bifil

that

in

that

seson,on

a

day,In

Southwerk

at

the

Tabard

as

I

layRedy

to

wenden

on

my

pilgrymageTo

Caunterbury

with

ful

devout

corage,At

nyght

was

come

into

tha

thostelryeWel

nyne

and

twenty

in

a

compaignyeOf

sondry

folk,by

aventure

yfalleIn

felaweshipe,

and

pilgrimes

were

they

alle,That

toward

Caunterbury

wolden

ryde.The

chambres

and

the

stables

weren

wyde,And

wel

we

weren

esed

atte

beste;And

shortly,

whan

the

sonne

was

to

reste,So

hadde

I

spoken

with

hem

everichonThat

I

was

of

hir

felaweshipe

anon,And

made

forward

erly

for

to

ryseTo

take

our

wey,

ther

as

I

yow

devyse.But

nathelees,

whil

I

have

tyme

and

space,Er

that

I

ferther

in

this

tale

pace,Me

thynketh

it

acordaunt

to

resounTo

telle

yow

al

the

condiciounOf

ech

of

hem,

so

as

it

semed

me,And

whiche

they

weren,

and

of

what

degree,And

eek

in

what

array

that

they

were

inne;And

at

a

knyght

than

wol

I

first

bigynne.那是個初夏方臨的日子,我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息;懷著一顆虔誠的赤子心,我準(zhǔn)備翌日出發(fā)去朝圣。黃昏前后華燈初上時分,旅店院里涌入很多客人;二十九人來自各行各業(yè),不期而遇都到旅店過夜。這些香客人人虔心誠意,次日要騎馬去坎特伯雷??头颗c馬廄寬敞又潔凈,店主的招待周到而殷勤。夕陽剛從地平線上消失,眾人同我已經(jīng)相互結(jié)識;大家約好不等雞鳴就起床,迎著熹微晨光干燥把路上??墒窃谖覕⑹龉适轮埃屛艺加弥T位一點時間,依我之見似乎還很必要,把每人的情況作些介紹。談?wù)勊麄儚氖率裁葱袠I(yè),社會地位屬于哪個階層,容貌衣著舉止又是如何,那么我就先把騎士說說AKNYGHTtherwas,andthataworthyman,ThatfrothetymethathefirstbiganToridenout,helovedchivalrie,Troutheandhonour,fredomandcurteisie.Fulworthywasheinhislordeswerre,Andthertohaddeheriden,nomanferre,Aswelincristendomasinhethenesse,Andeverehonouredforhisworthynesse.AtAlisaundrehewas,whanitwaswonn.FuloftetymehehaddethebordbigonneAbovenallenacionsinPruce;InLettowhaddehereysed,andinRuce,NoCristenmansoofteofhisdegree.InGernadeattheseegeeekhaddehebeOfAlgezir,andrideninBelmarye.AtLyeyswasheandatSatalye,Whantheywerewonne;andintheGreteSeeAtmanyanoblearmeehaddehebe.Atmortalbatailleshaddehebeenfiftene,AndfoughtenforourefeithatTramysseneInlystesthries,andayslaynhisfoo.騎士的人品出眾而且高尚,自從軍以來就馳騁于疆場,待人彬彬有禮,大度而豪爽,珍惜榮譽節(jié)操和騎士風(fēng)尚。為君主效命創(chuàng)輝煌戰(zhàn)績,所到國家之遠無人能比,轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)于基督和異教之邦,因功勛卓著縷縷受表彰。他攻打過亞歷山大利亞;在普魯士慶功宴上有他,這位佼佼者多次坐首席;從立陶宛直打到俄羅斯,同級的騎士都大為遜色;攻克阿給西勒有他一個,還出征到過柏爾瑪利亞;奪取烈亞斯和薩塔利亞;他還多次游弋于地中海,跟隨登陸大軍將敵戰(zhàn)敗。十五次比武他大顯身手,為捍衛(wèi)信仰而浴血奮斗;在戰(zhàn)場上三次殺死敵將,高貴的武士美名傳四方。ThisilkeworthyknyghthaddebeenalsoSomtymewiththelordofPalatyeAgaynanotherhetheninTurkye.Andeveremoorehehaddeasovereynprys;Andthoughthathewereworthy,hewaswys,Andofhisportasmeekeasisamayde.HenevereyetnovileynyenesaydeInalhislyfuntonomanerwight.Hewasaverray,parfitgenilknyght.But,fortotellenyowofhisarray,Hishorsweregoode,buthewasnatgay.OffustianheweredagyponAlbismoteredwithhishabergeoun,Forhewaslateycomefromhisviage,Andwentefortodoonhispilgrymage.Withhymtherwashissone,ayongSQUIER,Alovyereandalustybacheler;Withlokkescrulle,astheywereleydinpresse.Oftwentyyeerofagehewas,Igesse.Ofhisstaturehewasofevenelengthe,Andwonderlydelyvere,andofgreetstrengthe.他一度侍奉帕拉希亞的君王,在那段時間里我們這位騎士征討土耳其異教徒的另一支:每次贏得最高榮譽的總是他。盡管他極其勇敢卻世事洞達,舉止的溫和簡直就像是姑娘;一生中他不管遇到什么對象,也從來都不曾說過一句粗話。這騎士真是忠貞、完美又溫雅?,F(xiàn)在我告訴你們他那副裝備:他的馬雖好,衣著卻并不華美。穿的是一襲粗布的無袖長衣,已被他鎖子甲弄得滿是污跡;因為他是遠征后剛乘船歸來,接著便上路來進行這次朝拜。他有個兒子隨行,這年輕扈從正在戀愛,他精神振奮又忠勇,有一頭像是火鉗燙出的鬈發(fā)。依我看,他年紀(jì)約在二十上下;他的個子同一般的人差不多,但孔武有力而且出奇地靈活。AndhehaddebeensomtymeinchyvachieInFlaundres,inArtoys,andPycardie,Andbornhymweel,asofsolitelspace,Inhopetostondeninhisladygrace.Embroudedwashe,asitwereameede,Alfuloffresshefloures,whyteandreede;Syngyngehewas,orfloytynge,altheday,HewasasfresshasisthemontheofMay.Shortwashisgowne,withsleveslongeandwyde.Welkoudehesitteonhors,afaireryde.Hekoudesongesmake,andwelendite,Juste,andeekdaunce,andweelpurtreyeandwrite.Sohootehelovede,thatdoothanyghtyngale.Curteishewas,lowely,andservysable,Andcarfbifornhisfaderatthetable.AYEMANhaddeheandservantznamoAtthattyme,forhymlisteridesoo;Andhewascladincoteandhoodofgrene.他一度隨同騎十團遠征各地——到過佛蘭德斯、阿圖瓦、皮卡第——時間雖很短,然而表現(xiàn)卻不壞,為的是博取他心上人的青睞。他繡花的衣裳像是草地一片,滿是白花和紅花,新鮮又嬌艷。整天里他不是唱歌就是吹笛,就像是五月天充滿青春朝氣。他穿著短衫,那袖子又肥又大。他精于騎術(shù),善于駕御他的馬;他能文能詩,能作曲又能跳舞,還能繪畫并騎馬執(zhí)矛去比武。熾熱的愛火在他的心中燃燒,使他夜里睡得同夜鶯一樣少。他謙遜有禮,樂于幫人家一手;到了餐桌上,他總為父親切肉。

騎士還帶有一名跟班,他這趟沒多帶仆從,因為他愛這樣闖;跟班的外衣和兜帽全是綠色;Asheefofpecokarwes,brightandkeneUnderhisbelthebarfulthriftily,(Welkoudehedressehistakelyemanly:Hisearwesdroupednoghtwithfethereslowe)Andinhishandhebaaramyghtybowe.Anotheedhaddehe,withabrounvisage,Ofwoodecraftwelkoudehealtheusage.Uponhisarmhebaaragaybracer,Andbyhissydeaswerdandabokeler,AndonthatothersydeagaydaggereHarneisedwelandsharpeaspointofspere.ACristopheronhisbrestofsilversheene.Anhornhebar,thebawdrykwasofgrene;Aforsterwashe,soothly,asIgesse.TherwasalsoaNonne,aPRIORESSE,Thatofhirsmylyngwasfulsympleandcoy;HirgrettesteoothwasbutbySeinteLoy;AndshewasclepedMadameEglentyne.腰帶下有一筒利箭穩(wěn)穩(wěn)掛著;孔雀毛的箭羽,箭鏃閃閃熠熠(這箭從沒因箭羽萎蔫而落地:他善于修整武器,因為是鄉(xiāng)勇)而他手中握著的,是一張硬弓。他臉色黝黑,短發(fā)蓋在頭四周。論林中狩獵,他可是一把好手。他的手臂上套著精致的護腕,身子的一旁是他的盾牌和劍;另一邊則是寒光閃閃的匕首,它制作精良,鋒利得就像矛頭。他胸前閃著白銀的圣徒像章,一只號角掛在他綠色肩帶上——是個護林人,我想我猜得不錯。

還有一位女修道院院長嬤嬤,她淺淺的笑容謙和而又純真,她的痛罵是說聲“圣羅伊作證”;大家對她的稱呼是玫瑰女士。Fulweelshesoongtheservicedyvyne,Entunedinhirnosefulsemely,AndFrensshshespakfulfaireandfetisly,AfterthescoleofStratford-atte-Bowe,ForFrensshofParyswastohirunknowe.Atmetewelytaughtwasshewithalle:Sheleetnomorselfromhirlippesfalle,Newettehirfyngresinhirsaucedepe;Welkoudeshecarieamorsel,andwelkepeThatnodropenefilleuponhirbrist.Incurteisiewassetfulmuchehirlist.Hireover-lippewypedshesocleneThatinhircoppetherwasnoferthyngseneOfgrece,whanshedronkenhaddehirdraughte.Fulsemelyafterhirmetesheraughte.Andsikerly,shewasofgreetdesport,Andfulplesaunt,andamyableofport,AndpeynedhirtocountrefetecheereOfcourt,andbeenestatlichofmanere,Andtobenholdendigneofreverence.聽她唱歌要趁她做禮拜之時,她唱的圣歌帶鼻音最是動人;她講的法語既流利又很標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——是從斯特拉特福學(xué)來的腔調(diào),因為巴黎的法語她從未聽到。她餐桌上的禮儀學(xué)得很到家;沒一點食物會從她唇間掉下,她手指不會蘸到調(diào)味汁里面。她小心翼翼把食物送到嘴邊,決不讓一點一滴往她胸前掉——講究禮節(jié)與禮儀是她的愛好。她的亡嘴唇她總擦得很干凈,所以杯沿沒一點油膩的唇印,盡管已就著杯子喝了好幾次;進食時她好一派得體的舉止??梢钥闯?,她性格開朗興致高,既使人舒服,對人又親切友好;她盡力讓舉動顯示高貴氣度,表明她是懂宮廷禮儀的人物——這—切表現(xiàn)使得她頗受尊敬。But,fortospekenofhirconscience,ShewassocharitableandsopitousShewoldewepe,ifthatshesaughamousKaughtinatrappe,ifitweredeedorbledde.Ofsmalehoundeshaddeshe,thatshefeddeWithrostedflessh,ormilkandwastel-breed.Butsooreweepsheifoonofhemweredeed,Orifmensmootitwithaerdesmerte;Andalwasconscience,andtendreherte.Fulsemylyhirwympulpynchedwas,Hirenosetretys,hireyengreyeasglas,Hirmouthfulsmal,andthertosofteandreed;Butsikerlyshehaddeafairforheed;Itwasalmoostaspannebrood,Itrowe;For,hardily,shewasnatundergrowe.Fulfetyswashircloke,asIwaswar;OfsmalcoralaboutehirarmshebarApeireofbedes,gaudedalwithgrene,Antheronhengabroochofgoldfulsheene,OnwhichtherwasfirstwriteacrownedA,AndafterAmorvincitomnia.要說到那種仁厚溫柔的感情,她是滿腔慈悲,一肚子好心腸;看到一只老鼠夾住在捕機上死去或流血,她就不禁要流淚,她養(yǎng)著幾條小狗,她給它們喂烤肉,或者喂牛奶和精白面包;只要這中間有一只竟然死掉或挨了棍子抽打,她準(zhǔn)會哭泣——她有滿腔的柔腸、仁愛的心地。她修女的頭巾折得恰到好處;鼻子勻稱,亮如玻璃的灰眼珠;她的嘴很小,長得又紅又嬌柔;說真的,她還有個白皙的額頭——我看這幾乎是一個手掌寬度,因為她完全是一個常人高度。我還注意到她的斗篷做得好。她臂上有一串珊瑚念珠環(huán)繞,中間隔著綠色的飾珠一顆顆,這串念珠上有個金胸針閃爍;這個胸針上有個A字的大寫,下面是句拉丁語:愛戰(zhàn)勝一切。AnotherNONNEwithhirhaddeshe,Thatwashirechapeleyne,andpreestesthre.AMONKtherwas,afairforthemaistrie,Anoutridere,thatlovedevenerie,Amanlyman,tobeenanabbotable.Fulmanyadeynteehorshaddeheinstable,Andwhanherood,menmyghtehisbrydelheereGyngleninawhistlyngewyndalscleereAndeekasloude,asdooththechapelbelle.Therasthislordwaskeperofthecelle,ThereuleofSeintMaure,orofSeintBeneit,BycausethatitwasoldandsomdelstreitThisilkeMonkleetoldethyngespace,Andheeldaftertheneweworldthespace.Heyafnatofthattextapulledhen,Thatseiththathuntersbethnathoolymen,Nethatamonk,whanheisrecchelees,Isliknedtilafisshthatiswaterlees,Thisistoseyn,amonkoutofhiscloystreButthilketextheelhenatworthanoystre;AndIseydehisopiniounwasgood.另有一個女尼是她修道院中的副手,還有三個教士,都是和她一起的。此外有一個修道僧,身材魁梧,是鄉(xiāng)間一個善騎的人,最愛打獵,煞有丈夫氣概,當(dāng)?shù)闷鹨粋€僧院院長。馬廄中有的是血一般紅的馬匹,他乘騎時人們可以聽見他馬韁上的玲在呼嘯的風(fēng)中叮當(dāng)作響,那清晰嘹亮的聲響象他所當(dāng)著住持的教堂鐘聲一樣。為了圣摩爾或圣本納脫的教條已經(jīng)陳腐而且有些太嚴(yán),這位修道僧寧可讓這類舊式老套消逝,他要追逐新異的事物。他對于書本上所說獵人是不圣潔的這句話,覺得絲毫不值得考慮,簡直就像是一只拔光了毛的雞;或者說什么出了僧院的修道者好似一條出水之魚;這句話他也認(rèn)為不值得一個牡蠣。我說他這意見是有道理的;Whatsholdehestudie,andmakehymselvenwood,Uponabookincloystrealweytopoure,Orswynkenwithhishandesandlaboure,AsAustynbit?Howshaltheworldbeserved?LatAustynhavehisswynktohimreserved!Therforehewasaprikasouraright:Grehoundeshehadde,asswiftasfowelinflight;OfprikyngandofhuntyngforthehareWasalhislust,fornocostwoldehespare.IseighhisslevespurfiledatthehondWithgrys,andthatthefynesteofalond;And,fortofestnehishoodunderhischyn,Hehaddeofgoldywroghtacuriouspyn;Alove-knotteinthegretterendetherwas.Hisheedwasballed,thatshoonasanyglas,Andeekhisface,asithaddebeenenoynt.Hewasalordfulfatandingoodpoynt,Hiseeyenstepe,androllyngeinhisheed,Thatstemedasaforneysofaleed;Hisbootessouple,hishorsingreetestaat.何必在僧院里關(guān)緊著讀書,或是像圣奧司丁所教導(dǎo)的那樣要親手勞動呢?圣奧司丁盡可自己做他的工。他卻只顧騎馬奔馳,緊跟著獵犬像飛鳥般迅速。他一切的娛樂都寄托在騎、獵兩件大事上,也不怕為此揮霍。我看他那衣袖口所鑲的細(xì)軟黑皮是國內(nèi)最講究的貨色,一顆金鑄的飾針扣住兜頸;寬的一端還有一個情人結(jié)。他的禿頭光亮如鏡;臉上也是一樣,似乎擦了油一般。他是一位肥胖而漂亮的人物。兩只眼睛在額上打轉(zhuǎn),射出火光,像鍋爐一樣。鞋靴是細(xì)軟的,他的馬也有十足的傲態(tài)。Nowcerteinlyhewasafairprelaat;Hewasnatpaleasaforpynedgoost.Afatswanlovedhebestofanyroost.Hispalfreywasasbrounasisaberye,AFREREtherwas,awantowneandamerye,Alymytour,afulsolempneman.InalletheordresfoureisnoonthatkanSomuchelofdaliaunceandfairlangage.HehaddemaadfulmanyamariageOfyongewommenathisowenecost.Untohisordrehewasanoblepost,AndwelbilovedandfamulierwasheWithfrankeleynsoveralinhiscontree,Andeekwithworthywommenofthetoun;Forhehaddepowerofconfessioun,Asseydehymself,moorethanacurat,Forofhisordrehewaslicenciat.Fulswetelyherdeheconfessioun,Andplesauntwashisabsolucioun:Hewasanesymantoyevepenaunce,Therashewistetohaveagoodpitaunce.他的確是一位不平凡的僧侶。他絕不是一個蒼白的瘦鬼;一切肉食中他最愛的是紅燒肥天鵝。他身下所騎的馬顯出干果的棕褐色。有一個游乞僧,在他的限區(qū)以內(nèi)游乞,是一個放蕩不羈而自負(fù)的人。在四個教團中只有他最能講得一套中聽的話。他曾自己花費了錢為好幾個女子結(jié)配成婚;他是他所屬的教團中的一根臺柱!在他的一鄉(xiāng)里他是小地主們面前最受喜愛、最熟悉的人,在城里有地位的婦女們中間他也是如此,因為照他自己所說,他當(dāng)一個懺悔師比任何牧師都有資格,原來他是得有羅馬主教特許的。他聽?wèi)曰跁r十分和藹,赦罪時也能使人愉悅;只消可能吃到一頓好飯,他就容易讓人悔改。ForuntoapovreordrefortoyiveIssignethatamaniswelyshryve;For,ifheyaf,hedorstemakeavaunt,Hewistethatamanwasrepentaunt;Formanyamansohardeisofhisherte,Hemaynatwepe,althoghhymsooresmerte;TherforeinstedeofwepyngeandpreyeresMenmooteyevesilvertothepovrefreres.HistypetwasayfarsedfulofknyvesAndpynnes,fortoyevenyongewyves.Andcerteinlyhehaddeamuryenote:Welkoudehesynge,andpleyenonarote;Ofyeddyngeshebaaroutrelythepris.Hisnekkewhitwasastheflour-de-lys;Thertohestrongwasasachampioun.HeknewthetaverneswelineverytounAndeverichhostilerandtappestereBetthanalazarorabeggestere;ForuntoswichaworthymanasheAcordednat,asbyhisfacultee,Tohavewithsikelazarsaqueyntaunce.他認(rèn)為誰能捐助一個窮困的教團就表示他已安然得赦了;誰出了錢,誰就悔了罪。因為多少人心腸奇硬,雖吃盡了苦也哭不出來;所以人們不必哭泣禱告,只送銀子給窮僧就夠了。他的披肩夾袋里盛滿了刀針之類,可以做淑女賢妻的贈品。他唱起來嗓子悅耳,并且是個提琴能手;竟唱歌曲時他一向取得頭獎。他的頸項雪白,像鳶尾花一樣,可是身體堅強,比得上一個拳擊冠軍。城里每家客店他都認(rèn)得,每一個客店老板,和酒吧姑娘都是他的熟人,可是癩瘋子和女乞丐一類人卻不在他的照顧之下。他的地位是何等重要,豈能同癲病患者來往;Itisnathoneste,itmaynatavaunce,Fortodeelenwithnoswichporaille,Butalwithricheandselleresofvitaille.Andoveral,therasprofitsholdearise,Curteishewas,andlowelyofservyse.Thernasnomannowhersovertuous.Hewasthebestebeggereinhishous;(AndyafacerteynfermeforthegrauntNoonofhisbrethrencamtherinhishaunt);Forthoghawydwehaddenoghtasho,Soplesauntwashis“Inprincipio”Yetwoldehehaveaferthyng,erhewente;Hispurchaswaswelbettrethanhisrente.Andragehekoude,asitwererightawhelp.Inlove-dayestherkoudehemuchelhelp,FortherehewasnatlykacloystererWithathredbarecope,asisapovrescoler,Buthewaslykamaisterorapope;Ofdoubleworstedewashissemycope,Thatroundedasabelleoutofthepresse.去同這般下賤的窮漢周旋,未免太不像話,太不值得了,只有富人和糧商才是有道理的。有利可圖的場合他才畢恭畢敬,奉承奔走。再找不出這樣能干的人了;在他的修道院中他是個頭號游乞僧,他每年付出一筆錢,以免旁人侵犯他在各路所獨占的權(quán)益。即使有個寡婦窮得拿不出一雙舊鞋,但他能引用《約翰福音》,使她聽得非常合胃口,結(jié)果在他離開之前還是拿到了他所要的錢幣。我相信,他行乞所得,還多于他產(chǎn)業(yè)上的收入!他跳來跳去,同一只小狗一般。在調(diào)停案件的裁判日,他是很能起作用的,因為他并不像守院僧或窮書生那樣披著襤褸的法衣,卻像一個大學(xué)生或紅衣主教。他的半邊法衣是用雙料毛絲布所制,從鼓起像一座鐘的衣柜內(nèi)取出。SomwhathelipsedforhiswantownesseTomakehisEnglisshsweeteuponhistonge;Andinhisharpyng,whanthathehaddesonge,HiseeyentwynkledinhisheedaryghtAsdoonthesterresinthefrostynyght.ThisworthylymytourwasclepedHuberd.

AMARCHANTwastherwithaforkedberd,Inmottelee,andhyeonhorsehesat;UponhisheedaFlaundrysshbeverhat,Hisbootesclaspedfaireandfetisly.Hisresonshespakfulsolempnely,Sownyngealwaysth’encreesofhiswynnyng.HewoldetheseewerekeptforanythyngBitwixeMiddelburghandOrewelle.Welkoudeheineschaungesheeldesselle.Thisworthymanfulwelhiswitbisette;Therwistenowightthathewasindette,SoestatlywasheofhisgovernaunceWithhisbargaynesandwithhischevyssaunce.Forsothe,hewasaworthymanwith-alle,But,soothtoseyn,Inoothowmenhymcalle.他講話時咬著嘴唇,發(fā)音含混,以為可以使他的英語說得好聽,他有時一面彈琴或唱歌,一面兩只眼睛在頭里閃耀,像霜夜的星兒一般。這位游乞僧名叫胡伯脫。還有一個商人,留的是八字胡須,穿的是花色衣服。高高騎在馬背上,頭戴一頂法蘭德斯的獺皮帽,一雙整潔的鞋子用華貴的扣子扣起。他夸大著自己的見解,為的是謀取利潤;他認(rèn)為世上最重要的事就是維持米德爾堡和奧威爾之間海上的安全,不使受海盜騷擾。他知道如何在交易場上賣金幣。他是一位精打細(xì)算的人;能講價,善借貸,誰也不知道他有債務(wù)在身。他確是一個人才,可惜,說句老實話,我不知道他的尊姓大名。ACLERKtherwasofOxenfordalso,Thatuntologykhaddelongeygo.Asleenewashishorsasisarake,Andhenasnatrightfat,Iundertake,Butlookedholweandthertosobrely.Fulthredbarewashisoverestecourtepy;Forhehaddegetenhymyetnobenefice,Newassoworldlyfortohaveoffice.ForhymwasleverehaveathisbeddesheedTwentybookes,cladinblakorreed,OfAristotleandhisphilosophie,Thanrobesriche,orfithele,orgaysautrie.Butalbethathewasaphilosophre,Yethaddehebutlitelgoldincofre;Butalthathemyghteofhisfreendeshente,Onbookesandonlernyngeheitspente,AndbisilyganforthesoulespreyeOfhemthatyafhymwherwithtoscoleye.Ofstudietookhemoostcureandmoostheede.有一個是牛津的學(xué)者,讀過很久的邏輯學(xué)。他的一匹馬瘦得像一把鐵耙,我看他自己也不算胖,兩頰下凹,面容沉默穩(wěn)重。他的一件小外衣已破綻脫線,原來他不懂世務(wù),一直沒有領(lǐng)得俸祿。他寧可在床頭堆起二十卷亞里斯多德的哲理書,紅的、黑的裝訂,卻不講究穿著,不拉提琴,也不好彈弦樂。他雖是一個哲學(xué)家,但錢匣里找不出金子來!他的朋友所給他的錢都用到書本和學(xué)問上去了,為了那些幫他求學(xué)的人們靈魂得救,他不斷地祈禱。讀書是他唯一的念頭。Noghtowordspakhemoorethanwasneede,Andthatwasseydinformeandreverence,Andshortandquyk,andfulofhysentence;Sownyngeinmoralvertuwashisspeche,Andgladlywoldehelerne,andgladlyteche.ASERGEANTOFTHELAWE,warandwys,ThatoftenhaddebeenattheParvys,Therwasalso,fulricheofexcellence.Discreethewas,andofgreetreverence-Hesemedswich,hisewordeswerensowise.Justicehewasfulofteninassise,Bypatente,andbypleyncommissioun.Forhisscience,andforhisheighrenoun,Offeesandrobeshaddehemanyoon.Sogreetapurchasourwasnowhernoon:Alwasfeesympletohymineffect,Hispurchasyngmyghtenatbeeninfect.Nowhersobisyamanashethernas,Andyethesemedbisierthanhewas.不需要講的話他一字也不講,要講的時候他也是循規(guī)蹈矩的,話語短促,而含意淵深。他的一言一語,離不了道德文章。在一切之上,他所喜愛的就是學(xué)與教。有一位律師,是一個杰出的人物,審慎、聰明,常常參加法學(xué)的討論。他很賢明,能取得人人的推崇;——至少從表面上看來,他是這樣一個人,因為他的談吐煞是精辟。他當(dāng)過巡回法庭的審判官,受到皇家的委任,特準(zhǔn)裁判所有性質(zhì)不同的案件;由于他的學(xué)識和名望,他領(lǐng)受過許多酬金和贈予的衣物。他的才能高超,一項產(chǎn)業(yè)任憑它附有何種條件,他總能使它取得絕對權(quán)益,他的契據(jù)上誰也找不出任何差錯。再也沒有比他還忙碌的人,而近來他越發(fā)忙了。IntermeshaddehecaasanddoomesalleThatfromthetymeofKyngWilliamwerefalle.Thertohekoudeenditeandmakeathyng,Therkoudenowightpyncheathiswrityng;Andeverystatutkoudehepleynbyrote.HeroodbuthoomlyinamedleecoteGirtwithaceintofsilk,withbarressmale;OfhisarraytelleInolengertale.

AFRANKELEYNwasinhiscompaignye.Whitwashisberdasisadayesye;Ofhiscomplexiounhewassangwyn.Wellovedhebythemorweasopeinwyn,Tolyvenindelitwaseverehiswone,ForhewasEpicurusowenesone,ThatheeldopiniounthatpleyndelitWasverrayfeliciteeparfit.Anhousholdere,andthatagreet,washe;SeintJulianwasheinhiscontree.Hisbreed,hisale,wasalweysafteroon,Abettreenvynedmanwasnowhernoon.Withoutebakemetewasneverehishous自從威廉一世以來,每一件法案判例他都記得清楚,每一條法令,他也能逐字背得出,他所寫下的字據(jù),誰也無法提出責(zé)難。他乘騎出行,裝束平凡,衣服的布料是雜色的,腰圍一根絲帶,上有金質(zhì)小扣。至于他的外表我就不加細(xì)述了。同他一起旅行的是一個自由農(nóng),胡子泛白,像雛菊一樣,臉色是紅的,為人是熱情的。他早餐時最愛吃酒泡面包。他一生尋樂,因為他是伊壁鳩魯?shù)男磐?,認(rèn)為只有快樂中才有幸福。他的家總是公開的,在鄉(xiāng)間他簡直是個款待賓客的圣徒,像圣求列恩一樣。他的面包和酒都是最上等的;誰也沒有他藏酒豐富。。Offisshandflessh,andthatsoplentevous,Itsnewedinhishousofmeteanddrynke,Ofalledeynteesthatmenkoudethynke.Afterthesondrysesonsoftheyeer,Sochaungedhehismeteandhissoper.Fulmanyafatpartrichhaddeheinmuwe,Andmanyabreemandmanyaluceinstuwe.Wowashiscook,butifhissaucewerePoynauntandsharp,andredyalhisgeere.HistabledormantinhishallealwayStoodredycoveredalthelongeday.Atsessiounstherwashelordandsire;Fuloftetymehewasknyghtoftheshire.AnanlaasandagipseralofsilkHeengathisgirdel,whitasmornemilk.Ashirrevehaddehebeen,andacountour.Wasnowherswichaworthyvavasour.家中進餐時總有大盤的魚面糊;酒肴在他家里像雪一樣紛飛,凡是人所能想到的美味他都吃盡了。他的飲食跟著時季變換。他在籠里喂了許多肥鷓鴣,魚塘里養(yǎng)了很多鯛鱸之類。他的廚師如果燒出的湯不夠辛辣,不夠濃烈,或是器皿不整齊,這個廚師就倒了霉!他廳堂里的大餐桌是整天鋪陳好的。裁判官員們在審案會齊的時候,就是他主持著會議,十分威儀,他多次代表他的一州當(dāng)過議員。他腰帶邊掛下一把短刀,一個綢囊,白得像清晨的牛奶一樣。他當(dāng)過州官和辯護律師;哪里也找不出這樣一個漂亮的小地主。AnHABERDASSHEREandaCARPENTER,AWEBBE,aDYERE,andaTAPYCER,-AndtheywereclothedalleinolyvereeOfasolempneandagreetfraternitee.Fulfresshandnewehirgeereapikedwas;Hirknyveswerechapednoghtwithbras,Butalwithsilver;wroghtfulcleneandweel,Hiregirdlesandhirpoucheseverydeel.WelsemedechofhemafairburgeysTositteninayeldehalleonadeys.Everich,forthewisdomthathekan,Wasshaplyfortobeenanalderman.ForcatelhaddetheyynoghandrenteAndeekhirwyveswoldeitwelassente;Andellescerteyn,weretheytoblame.Itisfulfairtobeenycleped“madame,”Andgoontovigiliesalbifore,Andhaveamantelroiallicheybore.另外有帽商,木匠,織工,染工和家具商,都同我們一起,穿的是同樣的服裝,屬于同一個聲名赫赫的互助協(xié)會。他們的佩飾都很鮮明。他們所帶的刀并非銅制,而是細(xì)刻的銀質(zhì),腰帶、掛袋莫不整潔精巧。每一個人看來都配做個好市民,可以在議事廳上坐居高位。每一個都是能干的人,不愧當(dāng)個互助協(xié)會會長。財物收入既然豐裕,我想他們的妻子們也一定會贊同的!除非他們有所查缺;否則,那應(yīng)是一樁稱心的事,被人稱為夫人,齋戒祈禱的日子好走在旁人前面,還有一件外套顯耀地被人抬著做前導(dǎo)。ACOOKtheyhaddewithhemforthenonesToboillethechikneswiththemarybones,Andpoudre-marchanttart,andgalyngale.WelkoudeheknoweadraughteofLondonale.Hekouderooste,andsethe,andbroille,andfrye,Makenmortreux,andwelbakeapye.Butgreetharmwasit,asitthoughteme,Thatonhisshyneamormalhaddehe.Forblankmanger,thatmadehewiththebeste.

ASHIPMANwasther,wonyngeferbyweste;ForaughtIwoot,hewasofDertemouthe.Herooduponarouncy,ashekouthe,Inagowneoffaldyngtotheknee.AdaggerehangyngeonalaashaddeheAboutehisnekke,underhisarmadoun.Thehootesomerhaddemaadhishewealbroun,Andcerteinlyhewasagoodfelawe.FulmanyadraughteofwynhadheydraweFroBurdeux-ward,whilthatthechapmansleep.Ofnyceconsciencetookhenokeep.他們帶著一個廚師同路,為他們燒雞和髓骨,酸粉饅頭,和莎草根。他對于倫敦酒最內(nèi)行!他能煨、煎、焙、燉,能做精美的羹,又善于烤餅??上У氖?,我想,他小腿嫣上生了一顆大瘡;——不過,他的碎燒閹雞實在是數(shù)一數(shù)二的。還有一個船手,遠自西方而來;據(jù)我所知,他是達得茂斯的人。勉強騎著一匹小馬,一件粗毛長袍罩過膝部。他的一把刀掛在圍頸的線帶上,拖到腋下。炎夏把他的皮膚曬成棕色,老實說,他倒是一個“好手”:在法國波爾多,趁著商人們睡著的時候,他很喝到過幾口酒。他顧不著什么好心眼兒;Ifthathefaught,andhaddethehyerhond,Bywaterhesentehemhoomtoeverylond.Butofhiscraft,toreke

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