醫(yī)學(xué)英語漢譯英

——fromChinesetoEnglishTranslationofMedicalEnglish

AliciaXuadj.+n.in+abstractnounonestem,andtwobranchesadjectivesusedtoexpressdegree“asetofadjectives+thesamenoun”predicateadjective+prep.UsefulstructuresinTranslationofphraseona…basisn.+infiniten+be+infiniteThemore…themore(less)participlephraseadj.+n.“發(fā)病率高”（n.+adj.）“highincidence”（adj.+n.）e.g.傷口血腫差不多都是由止血不完善所致。Woundhematomaisalmostalwayscausedbyimperfecthemostasis.如果嬰兒的飲食中維生素D含量不足就會引起佝僂病。RicketswillresultifthereisaninsufficientamountofvitaminDinthedietofaninfant.我們的研究顯示20例這類兒童中有8例神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)預(yù)后不良。Ourstudyreportedthat8of20suchchildrenhadpoorneurologicaloutcomes.口臭可由口腔衛(wèi)生不好和膿溢或者由扁桃體、腺樣組織以及鼻腔黏膜的慢性感染而引起。AAnodorousbreathmayresultfromimproperoralhygieneandpyorrheaorfromchronicinfectionofthetonsils,adenoidornasalmucosa.B血?dú)鈵夯赡鼙硎拘难芄δ芟陆?，而不是肺疾病的惡化?1Deterioratingbloodgasesmayindicatedecreasingcardiovascularfunctionratherthanaprogressionofthepulmonarydisease.022.in+abstractnoun例1：這些藥物的成分是不同的ThecompositionofthesepillsaredifferentThesepillsaredifferentincomposition例2：白細(xì)胞的數(shù)量比紅細(xì)胞少得多，數(shù)量之比約為1：600Thewhitecellsaremuchfewerinnumberthantheredcells,aboutoneto600.

例3：無論是酸性、堿性還是中性，多數(shù)藥物主要是從小腸吸收的。

Mostdrugs,whetheracidic,basic,orneutralincharacter,areabsorbedmainlyfromthesmallintestine.

例4：人眼的結(jié)構(gòu)和功用很像一個照相機(jī)。

Theeyeismuchlikeacamerainstructureandaction.Thegenesoneachchromosomearearrangedinpairsandinstrictorder,witheachgeneoccupyingaspecificlocationorlocus.每條染色體上的基因成對地排列，有嚴(yán)格的次序，每一個基因占據(jù)特定的位置（又稱基因座）。3.Onestem,andtwobranches以名詞為中心詞，后面跟兩個介詞短語。第一個介詞往往時of，第二個是其他介詞，兩個介詞短語都修飾中心名詞，綜合起來構(gòu)成一個復(fù)雜的概念。寫作中運(yùn)用這種結(jié)構(gòu)，可以使得句子語言簡潔，突出概念，言簡意賅。例1：感染物吸入到肺是肺膿腫的最常見病因。Aspirationofinfectiousmaterialintothelungisthemostcommoncauseoflungabscess.例2：像嘔吐一樣，腹瀉也是身體防止中毒的一種自然保護(hù)作用。Likevomiting,diarrheaisanaturalprotectionofthebodyagainstpoisoning.例3：將小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中）能引起其體內(nèi)粒細(xì)胞總數(shù)增加，包括粒細(xì)胞的祖代細(xì)胞和循環(huán)中的粒細(xì)胞。01Short-termexposureofmicetobenzeneledtoanincreaseinthetotalnumberofgranulocyte,includingprogenitorcellsandcirculatinggranulocytes.02例4：治療無排卵子宮出血的首要目標(biāo)應(yīng)是將增生型的子宮內(nèi)膜轉(zhuǎn)化為分泌型的子宮內(nèi)膜。Thetreatmentofanovulatorybleedingshouldhaveasitsfirstaimthetransformationofproliferative(endometrium)intosecretoryendometrium.有時，名詞后面可有三個介詞短語。這種損傷導(dǎo)致體液從血液向組織滲漏。Suchdamageresultsintheleakageoffluidfromthebloodintothetissues.第二個短語也可以是不定式短語

腎小管對這些物質(zhì)的吸收能力不是無限的。Thecapacityofthetubulestoabsorbthesesubstancesisnotunlimited.Thebodyneednutrition.Theneedofbodyfornutrition01024.Adjectivesusedtoexpressdegree尿中出現(xiàn)可以檢測到的（一定量的）葡萄糖稱為糖尿。Thepresenceofappreciableamountsofglucoseintheurineisknownasglycosuria.血液中出現(xiàn)了尿酸的明顯增多。Therehasbeenanappreciableincreaseofuricacidintheblood.AppreciableConsiderableMarkedSignificantappreciable/considerable/marked/significantincrease這種藥（依地酸鈣鈉）對急性和慢性鉛中毒是有效的，它可引起明顯增加的尿鉛排出。Thedrug(sodiumcalciumedetate)iseffectiveinacuteandchronicleadpoisoning;itproducesamarkedincreaseintheurinaryexcretionoflead.

骨盆檢查顯示外陰有明顯的炎癥。

Pelvicexaminationshowsthatthereisconsiderableinflammationofthevulva.AD患者血漿中P物質(zhì)濃度相對于對照組有顯著增加(P<0.01);PatientswithADhadsignificantincreaseinplasmalevelofSubstancePcomparedwithcontrols(P<0.01).如果血液被過多攝入的液體所稀釋，尿的排出就會增加。Ifthebloodisdilutedbyanexcessiveintakeoffluidstheoutputofurineisincreased.普萘洛爾確實(shí)有效，它可較大程度地增加很多患者的運(yùn)動耐受性。Propranololdoeshaveademonstrableeffect,andinmanypatientsitwillincreaseexercisetoleranceconsiderably.demonstrable0102先天畸形可引起相當(dāng)比例的嬰兒死亡。Congenitalabnormalitiescauseafairproportionofinfantdeaths.fair這種有輕微麻醉作用的藥物在腹部手術(shù)中是有價值的。Thedrugisofvalue,withlightanesthesia,inobtaininggreaterrelationinabdominalsurgery.light大出血必須及時加以控制，否則就需進(jìn)行手術(shù)。Massivebleedingmustbebroughtundercontrolimmediately,otherwiseanoperationisindicated.Massive0102當(dāng)你劇烈運(yùn)動時，體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生廢物，這些物質(zhì)對于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)具有輕度的毒性。01Whenyouexercisevigorously,wasteproductswhichactasmildpoisonstothenervoussystemareformed.mild(slight)02除了主動脈反流，如果還存在有一定程度的主動脈狹窄，通常會出現(xiàn)（左心室）中度擴(kuò)張。Ifconsiderableaorticstenosisexistsalongwithregurgitation,moderateenlargementistherule.moderate普萘洛爾在降低動脈血壓上也有適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔?。Propranololalsohasamodesteffectinreducingarterialbloodpressure.Modest這些事實(shí)幾乎結(jié)論性地表明吸煙習(xí)慣與隨后發(fā)生的冠狀動脈疾病之間的緊密聯(lián)系。Thesealmostconclusivelyindicateastrongassociationbetweenthehabitofcigarettesmokingandthesubsequentdevelopmentofcoronaryarterydisease.Strong5.“asetofadjectives+thesamenoun”todifferentiatevariousdegrees.asmall(limited)numberofacertainnumberofalargenumberofanenormous(vast)numberofA…numberof少數(shù)有一些很多極多MinimumamountofaninsufficientamountofMinor(small)amountsofappreciableamountsofvastamountsofaverylargeamountofA(an)…amountof/amountsof最低量不足量的少量一定數(shù)量大量超大量的Of…importance沒什么重要

oflittle(no)importance不太重要

ofminorimportance十分重要

ofmajorimportance極其重要

ofessential(fundamental/great)importance格外重要

ofparticularimportance至關(guān)重要

ofvitalimportance最為重要

offirst(prime/primary/utmost/paramount)importance有深遠(yuǎn)意義

ofprofoundimportance有治療意義

oftherapeuticimportance壓倒一切的重要意義

ofoverridingimportanceOf…value作用不大

oflittlevalue極大的價值

ofgreat(most/considerable)value有無價值，是有爭議的

ofdebatablevalueTheseclinicalfeaturesfrequentlyoccurringinrheumaticfeverareofminordiagnosticvalue.e.g.患風(fēng)濕熱時經(jīng)常發(fā)生的這些臨床特征，具有很小的診斷價值。At…intervals交替，間隔有規(guī)律地交替出現(xiàn)

atregularintervals

例：瘧疾是一種慢性、復(fù)發(fā)性的感染，以規(guī)律交替出現(xiàn)寒戰(zhàn)和高熱為其特征。

Malariaisachronic,relapsinginfectioncharacterizedbychillsandhighfeveratregularintervals.

例：每4小時重復(fù)一次

At4hourintervals/atintervalsof4hoursPay…attentionto應(yīng)有的注意相當(dāng)?shù)刈⒁獬浞株P(guān)注非常重視密切注意Particularattentionmustbegivento…paydueattentiontopayconsiderableattentiontopayadequateattentiontopaygreatattentiontopaycloseattentionto6.predicateadjective+prep.

adj.+forbeavailablefor有效的例：人工自動免疫對白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎、脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、狂犬病、落基山斑疹熱、猩紅熱、破傷風(fēng)、傷寒和百日咳等疾病均有效。Artificialactiveimmunizationisavailablefordiphtheria,measles,mumps,poliomyelitis,rabies,RockyMountainspottedfever,scarletfever,tetanus,typhoidfever,andwhoopingcough.becriticalforbeeffectiveforbesuitableforbeinadequatein不足的04Sincethebodyisdeficientchieflyinwaterandelectrolytes,ratherthanbloodorplasma,fluidreplacementshouldconsistmainlyofsalinesolutions.03bedeficientin缺乏的01例：因為機(jī)體主要缺乏水和電解質(zhì)，而不是缺血或血漿，所以補(bǔ)液主要以鹽水溶液為主。02adj.+inadj.+of

becharacteristicof以…為特征beconsciousof意識到bedevoidof不受影響例：沒有副作用bedevoidofsideeffectsbedevoidofsideeffectsbeindependentof不受…影響或支配beignorantof不清楚beindicativeof是…的預(yù)兆besuggestiveof提示…01例：一般說來，以干燥性鱗屑紅斑類型為表現(xiàn)的手癬提示紅色毛癬菌感染。02GenerallytineamanumofdryscalyanderythematoustypeissuggestiveofTrichophytonrubruminfection.03becentralto成為…的中心環(huán)節(jié)bedetrimentalto對…有害bedeleteriousto對…有害bevulnerableto易受…的損傷adj.+tobesusceptibleto易受到損傷的，易發(fā)…病的例：本研究指出，抑郁者更易心臟病發(fā)作。Ourstudyhasindicatedthatpeoplewithdepressionaremoresusceptibletoheartattacks.becompatiblewith與…相符合01besynchronouswith與…一致（同步）的04becontiguouswith與…接觸，與…相連02beisotonicwith與…等滲的03adj.+with例：該嬰兒的臨床表現(xiàn)與宮內(nèi)感染是相符合的。01Thisinfant’sclinicalpictureiscompatiblewithanintrauterineinfection.02例：子宮的雜音與母體的脈搏是一致的。03Theuterinesouffléissynchronouswiththematernalpulse.047.OfphraseUsedatthebeginningofsentencesasadverbialmodifier,indicatingrangeorscope.在研究的全部手術(shù)病例中，40％是…Ofthetotaloperationsstudied,40percentwere…在入院的64例患者中，35人接受了手術(shù)治療，29人接受了藥物治療。Ofthe64patientsadmitted,35weretreatedsurgicallyand29medically.(Of短語也可以用在后面)有64例患者住進(jìn)我們醫(yī)院，其中35人接受了手術(shù)治療，其余29人接受了藥物治療。Sixty-fourcaseswereadmittedtoourhospital,ofwhom35weretreatedsurgicallyandtheremaining29medically.8.Ona…basisonaregularbasis=regularly此短語的功能相當(dāng)于形容詞或名詞的副詞形式所起的狀語作用。01必須對患者進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的體格檢查并且定期復(fù)查。Ameticulousphysicalexaminationmustbeperformedandrepeatedonaregularbasis.onamoment-to-momentbasis＝frommomenttomoment02對患者進(jìn)行逐個分析時，病損大小在10mm及以上者（總數(shù)為63），其空氣對比鋇劑灌腸敏感度為48％，CT結(jié)腸造影為59％，結(jié)腸鏡檢率為98％。Whenanalyzedonaper-patientbasis,forlesions10mmorlargerinsize(n=63),thesensitivityofaircontrastbariumenema(ACBE)was48%,computedtomographiccolonography(CTC)59%,andcolonoscopy98%.視個體情況而定

onanindividualbasis=individually頻繁地

onafrequentbasis=frequently實(shí)驗性質(zhì)地

onaexperimentalbasis=experimentally世界范圍內(nèi)地

onaworldbasis=worldwide長期地，永遠(yuǎn)地

onapermanentbasis=permanently不定時偶爾的

onatime-contingentbasis=time-contingently每天地

onadailybasis=daily9.n+infinite名詞的后置定語多用介詞短語，分詞短語或定語從句。但有時不定式也可以，主要限于一些抽象名詞。激光影像鏡檢最突出的一點(diǎn)是能使手術(shù)操作創(chuàng)傷性小而又省錢。Themostremarkablethingaboutvideolaseroscopyisitspotentialtomaketheprocedureslessinvasiveandcostly.手術(shù)消毒所需的時間取決于被消毒物品的性質(zhì)。123Thetimeofoperationtoachievesterilitydependsonthenatureofthematerialbeingsterilized.410.n+be+infinite40歲以上的患者近期開始出現(xiàn)消化不良的癥狀時，首先應(yīng)排除的是胃癌。Whenconfrontedwithdyspepticsymptomsofrecentorigininapatientover40yearsthefirstnecessityistoexcludegastriccancer.11.Themore…themore(less)胎膜破裂的時間越長，宮內(nèi)感染發(fā)生的可能性就越大。Thelonge