研究生學術英語寫作 課件 Chapter 1 Overview

Chapter1OverviewGraduateAcademicEnglishWritingContentsDefinitionofAcademicWriting1ImportanceofAcademicResearchandWritingWriting2CharacteristicsofAcademicWriting345StepsforEffectiveAcademicWritingGeneralStructureofanAcademicPaper1.1Definitionof

AcamicWriting

Academicwritingreferstotheformal,structured,andsystematicexpressionofideas,information,andargumentswithinaneducationalorscholarlycontext.Itischaracterizedbyadherencetoestablishedconventions,includingaformaltone,preciselanguage,andrelianceonevidencetosupportclaims.Itservesmultiplepurposes,suchascontributingtoscholarlydiscourse,disseminatingknowledge,andfacilitatingassessmentandevaluationineducationalsettings.thediversespectrumofwrittencommunicationundertakenbyscholarsvariousformats,suchasjournalarticles,textbooks,dissertations,andgroupprojectreports,amongotherstheessay’spositionasthemostprevalentandwidelyassignedtypeofacademictask1.2ImportanceofAcademicResearchandWriting“Publishorperish”isanaphorismdescribingthepressuretoproduceacademicpublicationsinordertosucceedinanacademiccareer.Engaginginacademicresearchandwritingacademicallyholdssignificantimportanceacrossvariousdomains,contributingtoindividualdevelopment,theadvancementofknowledge,andtheoverallprogressofsociety.Conductingacademicresearchallowsindividuals,includingstudentsandscholars,todeepentheirunderstandingofspecificsubjects.Engaginginresearchcultivatescriticalthinkingandanalyticalskills.Researchoftenleadstothediscoveryofinnovativeideasandsolutions.Academicresearchandwritingareintegraltotheprofessionaldevelopmentofindividualsinacademia.1.3CharacteristicsofAcademicWriting1.3.1ClearandPreciseLanguage√Employlanguagecharacterizedbysimplicity,directness,andspecificity.×Donotusevague,complexorambiguouslanguagethatmayconfuseormisleadreaders.e.g.Don’t:Theresultsoftheexperimentweresomewhatindicativeofapotentialcorrelationbetweenthetwovariables.Do:Theexperimentresultssuggestapossiblecorrelationbetweenthetwovariables.√Useformalandobjectivelanguage.Upholdaneutraltonethatisauthoritativeandunbiased.×Donotuseemoticons,slang,contractions,orabbreviationsthatmaysoundcasualortoosubjectiveforscholarlyaudiences.e.g.Don’t:Ifeelthattheauthor’sargumentisnotconvincingbecauseitdoesn’tmakesensetome.Do:Theauthor’sargumentlackscoherenceandfailstoprovideaconvincingrationale.1.3.2FormalandObjectiveLanguage1.3.3EvidenceandCitations√Utilizeevidence-baseddatatostrengthenclaims,drawingfromcrediblesourceslikeresearchstudies,books,journals,andexpertopinions.×Avoiddependenceonpersonalopinionsorassumptionsintheabsenceofappropriatesourcesorreferencesthatcaneithercorroborateorchallengetheresearchfindings.e.g.Don’t:Manypeoplebelievethatclimatechangeisahoax.Do:AccordingtoasurveyconductedbyPewResearchCenterin2023,37%ofAmericanssayaddressingclimatechangeshouldbeatoppriorityforthepresidentandCongressin2023,andanother34%sayitisanimportantbutlowerpriority.1.3.4Original,Authentic,

Well-presentedContent√Utilizeoriginalandauthenticcontentthatreflectsoriginalresearchandsubstantivecontributionstotherespectivefield.

×Avoidincorporatingcontentfromotherswithoutappropriatelyreferencingthesourceandwithoutadheringtothenecessaryprotocolsforproperreferencingandcitation.e.g.Don’t:

Inthisstudy,Iwillarguethatbeesarevitalfornature.(Thisstatementisfrom:/news-and-stories/story/why-bees-are-essential-people-and-planet)Do:AstheUNEP2019IPBESreportreveals,

beesare

essentialtopeopleand

theplanet.Funnel-shapedStructure1.4StepsforEffectiveAcademicWritingStepOne:IdentifyingtheResearchAreaExploringresearchareasforacademicwritingdemandsadistinctiveapproach.Academicpapersstandapartfromordinarycompositionsbynecessitatingahighdegreeofspecificityintheirchosentopics,coupledwithpractical,scientific,oreconomicsignificance.Inessence,thecalltoinitiateacademicexplorationbyreflectingonpersonalinterestsandpassionsisaninvitationtoinfusethescholarlyjourneywithauthenticityandpurpose.StepTwo:NarrowingdowntheFocusrefineabroadtopicintoamorespecificandmanageableresearchquestionensurethatthestudyistargeted,feasible,andabletocontributemeaningfullytotheexistingbodyofknowledgeExamplesBroadTopic:EnvironmentalSustainabilityNarrowedFocus:ImpactofUrbanGreenSpacesonAirQualityinMetropolitanAreasBroadTopic:ArtificialIntelligenceNarrowedFocus:EthicalImplicationsofFacialRecognitionTechnologyinLawEnforcementBroadTopic:ClimateChangeNarrowedFocus:ExaminingtheEffectsofMeltingGlaciersonWaterSecurityinHimalayanRegionPrepareaworkingbibliography.Readandsummarizetherelatedliterature.StepThree:ConductingLiteratureReview

ontheChosenTopicStepFour:FormulatingaClearResearchQuestionorHypothesisFormulateafocusedandspecificresearchquestionbyusinginterrogativewordssuchas“what,”“how,”“why,”or“who.”

Ensurefeasibility,relevancetotheresearch,andavoidaddressingmultipleissuesinasinglequestion.ResearchQuestion:Whatistherelationshipbetweendailysocialmediausageamongadolescentsandtheprevalenceofsymptomsrelatedtoanxietyanddepression?StepFive:MakingtheResearchPlaninaStructuredProposalAresearchproposaloutlinestheobjectives,methodology,andscopeofaresearchstudy.Theprimarygoalofaproposalistoarticulateclearresearchquestionsorhypotheses,providingarationaleforthestudy’simportance.StepSix:ConductingthePlannedResearchActivities

asystematicapproachunderstandresearchquestions,objectives,methodology,andtimelineensureaccesstonecessaryresources,materials,equipment,software,andliteratureadheretoethicalguidelinesandobtainapprovalsifinvolvinghumansubjects,animals,orsensitiveapproachchoosedatacollectionmethodssystematically