1996-1999年考研英語真題及解析

1996年年全真試題

PartIClozeTest

Directions：

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],

[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackening

thecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)

Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormal

growthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.

Theydonotprovideenergy,]dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyare

neededfor2foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,

andif3ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes4.

Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements—usuallycarbon,hydrogen,

oxygen,and5nitrogen.Theyaredifferent6theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,

andeachvitamin7oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.

8_enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor_9

vitamins.Manypeople,10,believeinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextra

vitamins.However,awellbalanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody'svitaminneeds.

1.[A]either[B]SO[C]nor[D]never

2.[A]shifting[B]transferring[C]altering[D]transforming

3.[A]any[B]some[C]anything[D]something

4.[A]serious[B]apparent[C]severe[D]fatal

5.[A]mostly[B]partially[C]sometimes[D]rarely

6.[A]inthat[B]sothat[C]suchthat[D]exceptthat

7.[A]undertakes[B]holds[C]plays[D]performs

8.[A]Supplying[B]Getting[C]Providing[D]Furnishing

9.[A]exceptional[B]exceeding[C]excess[D]external

10.[A]nevertheless[B]therefore[C]moreover[D]meanwhile

PartIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionstherearefour

answersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebest

answertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackening

thecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)

Passage1

Tightlippedeldersusedtosay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.

Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwantthe

rightthings.

Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,and

eachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifwe

intendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodto

cookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.

Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountof

yourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhat

youhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.

Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldinclude

education,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.ItcanberefeiTedtoinfilling

outstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingto

you,yourcouldbeemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andother

qualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour“wares“andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinan

orderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.

Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhave

somethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformation

aboutyourcouldbejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyour

eyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseeking

theemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.

11.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhat

youget”？

[A]You'llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.

[B]It'snousedreaming.

[C]Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.

[D]It'sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.

12.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas.

[A]anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob

[B]anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob

[C]aguidelineforjobdescription

[D]aprincipleforjobevaluation

13.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofinda

jobbecause.

[A]thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer

[B]thatistherequirementoftheemployer

[C]itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices

[D]itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself

14.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhave

something____.

[A]definitetooffer[B]imaginarytoprovide

[C]practicaltosupply[D]desirabletopresent

Passage2

WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacan

nowwatchtheCorporation'snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.

AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,

fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsport,

comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,

children'sprogrammesandfilmsforanannuallicencefeeof￡83perhousehold.

Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years-yettheBBC'sfutureisnowin

doubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastfor

thetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanationwide

debateinBritain.

ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionofthe

BBC—includingordinarylistenersandviewers—tosaywhatwasgoodorbadaboutthe

Corporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.Thereasonforitsinquiryis

thattheBBC'sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganization

asitis,ortomakechanges.

DefendersoftheCorporation—ofwhomtherearemany—arefondofquotingthe

AmericansloganuIfitain'tbroke,don'tfixit.”TheBBC"ain'tbroke”，theysay,bywhichthey

meanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword'broke',meaninghavingnomoney),sowhy

bothertochangeit?

YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.The

commercialTVchannels------ITVandChannel4------wererequiredbytheThatcher

Government'sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherfor

advertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels——funded

partlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers^ubscriptions—whichwillbringaboutthebiggest

changesinthelongterm.

15.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces__.

[A]theproblemofnewscoverage[B]anuncertainprospect

[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic[D]shrinkageofaudience

16.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?

[A]ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.

[B]Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.

[C]Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.

[D]Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.

17.TheBBC's"royalchartef,(Line4,Paragraph4)standsfor.

[A]thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily.

[B]theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen.

[C]acontractwiththeQueen.

[D]auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily.

18.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan.

[A]theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels.

[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment.

[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs.

[D]thechallengeofnewsatellitechannels.

Passage3

Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour”wereenlargingandperfecting

theirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliability

companywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsof

thenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythat

socommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationafterthe

energeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivism

andmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusiness

managedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametime

thegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothe

taxpayers.

Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportant

consequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthe

numbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresenting

irresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequally

detachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,

America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,and

Britishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'smovementtowardsindustrialization.

TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable“classeswhohad

retiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatof

drawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders,meetingtodictatetheirorderstothe

management.Ontheotherhand“shareholding“meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedby

manyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.

The"shareholders“assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmen

employedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapital

andlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwith

themenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeofthe

workmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamily

businessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmen

involvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpower

andorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeeton

equaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrike

andlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffair

negotiation.

19.Ifstrueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat.

[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations

[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative

[C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompanies

[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers

20.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin.

[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement

[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers

[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses

[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness

21.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat.

[A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers

[B]theoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers

[C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly

[D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole

22.Theauthorismostcriticalof.

[A]familyfirmowners[B]landowners

[C]managers[D]shareholders

Passage4

WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica-breakthroughs

suchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?

Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentelementary

schools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumsto

inventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial“thinkingaboutthings

technological.

Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,

especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomein

arithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.

AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducational

advantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamind

preparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilled

workman.”

Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium“system,whichprecededourpatent

systemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventors

medals,cashprizesandotherincentives.

IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountiyfairs

andattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenew

machinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.

Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadily

tothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFerguson

haspointedout,“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguous

verbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesigner

andtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonot

exist.”

Thisnonverbal"spatial“thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.Robert

Fultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc,

likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,in

whichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”

Whenalltheseshapingforces—schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusfor

spatialthinking—interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthat

Americancharacteristicemulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesit

meantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.

23.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasina

largepartdueto.

[A]elementaryschools[B]enthusiasticworkers

[C]theattractivepremiumsystem[D]aspecialwayofthinking

24.ItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics.

[A]benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge.

[B]shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement.

[C]wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining.

[D]owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment.

25.Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause.

[A]theyarebothwinnersofawards.

[B]theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking.

[C]theybothabandonverbaldescription

[D]theybothusevariousinstruments

26.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe.

[A]InventiveMind[B]EffectiveSchooling

[C]WaysofThinking[D]OutpouringofInventions

Passage5

Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher's

pipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedand

oftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheorigin

andevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,

unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened.uScientific^^creationism,whichis

beingpushedbysomefor"equalintheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsof

evolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityof

nonfimdamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard“scientific“creationismasbadscience

andbadreligion.

ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher'sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.At

appropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelast

threechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheir

programmesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheir

deceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationis

religious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.

Kilcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhis

arguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataand

argumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchaptersonthecreationistswillbeextremely

cleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:"Thisbookstandsfor

reasonitself."Andsoitdoes-andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthe

creationism/evolutiondebate.

27.“Creationism“inthepassagerefersto.

[A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse

[B]anotionofthecreationofreligion

[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearthformation

[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse

28.Kitcher'sbookisintendedto.

[A]recommendtheviewsoftheevolutionists

[B]exposethetruefeaturesofcreationists

[C]cursebitterlyathisopponents

[D]launchasurpriseattackoncreationists

29.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

[A]reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthedebate

[B]creationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonreasoning

[C]evolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-specialists

[D]creationismissupportedbyscientificfindings

30.Thispassageappearstobeadigestof.

[A]abookreview[B]ascientificpaper

[C]amagazinefeature[D]anewspapereditorial

PartDlEnglish—ChineseTranslation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.

31)Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersareseasonable

consequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeinglosomeextentself-acceleraling.Some,

however,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionsoftheform

scientifictheoryoughttotake,bypersonsinauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferent

areas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.32)This

Irene!beganduringiheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovemmenlscametoiheconclusion(hat

thespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannot

generallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswill

arisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthe

scientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.33)Thisseems

mostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoals

bulofpossibleconsequenceinihefulure.

Thiskindofsupport,likeallgovernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriate

recipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.But

adecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthe

supportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupporting"good"asopposedto"bad"science,buta

validdeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generally,theideaofgoodsciencetendstobecome

confusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.34)However,the

worldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld's

morefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.35)NewformsofIhoughlaswellasnewsubjectsfor

thoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.

SectionIVWriting

36.Directions:

A.Title:GOODHEALTH

B.Timelimit:40minutes

C.Wordlimit:120—150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)

D.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthe“OUTLINE“belowandshouldstartwiththe

givenopeningsentence:"Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal”.

E.YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Outline:

1.Importanceofgoodhealth.

2.Waystokeepfit.

3.Myownpractices.

1996年英語試題答案

PartIClozeTest

l.C2.D3.A4.B5.C6.A7.D8.B9.C10.A

PartIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Passage1

11.B12.A13.D14.A

Passage2

15.B16.C17.C18.D

Passage3

19.C20.A21.C22.D

Passage4

23.D24.A25.B26.A

Passage5

27.D28.B29.B30.A

PartHIEnglish-ChineseTranslation

31.在這些原因中，有些純屬社會需求；另一些則是由于科學上某些特定發(fā)展在一定程

度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生的必然結果。

32.這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當時一些國家的政府得出結論：政府要向其科

研機構提出具體的要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。

33.給某些與當前目標無關而將來則可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研予以支持，看來能夠有效地解

決這個問題。

34.然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課

題的。

35.同過去一樣，將來必然出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新的標準。

SectionIVWriting（15points）

36.見分析

試題精解

PartIClozeTest

一、文章總體分析

本文是一篇介紹維生素的科普性小短文。文章首段對維生素下定義。第二段介紹了維生

素的兩大功能：將食物轉化成能量和維持身體健康。第三段介紹了各種維生素的異同：基本

組成元素相同，但排列方式不同，并且各自承擔一到多種特殊功能。第四段指出：不需要獲

取過量的維生素，均衡的飲食通常就可以完全滿足身體對它們的需求了。

二、試題具體解析

1.[A]either[B]SO[C]nor[D]never

[精解]本題考核的知識點是：否定倒裝句的連詞。

空格前文講到維生素不能提供能量,是一個否定句;后文講到它們構建身體的任何部分，

是倒裝句，因此選項必須既能引導倒裝句，又能與前面的否定相呼應。

四個選項中,either表示"也"，可以用在否定句中,但一般放在句尾,例如：Shedidn't

gothere,either（她也不去）；so可以引導倒裝句，但它用在肯定句中，表示"也"，如：They

canleavenow,socanwe.（他們現(xiàn)在可以離開了,我們也能）。nor也可以引導倒裝句,并可

用在否定句中，構成not...nor…（既不…也不…）固定結構，如：Youcan*tdoit,norcanI.

（你不能做這件事，我也不能）；never也可以引導倒裝句，表示否定，但它必須放在句首，

如：NeverinmylifehaveIheardsuchnonsense.（我一輩子都沒聽說過這樣的無稽之談）。綜

合以上因素，C為正確選項。

2.[A]shifting替換，轉移[B]transferring遷移，移動，傳遞

[C]altering改變，變動[D]transforming轉換，改變

[精解]本題考核的知識點是：習慣搭配+動詞詞義辨析。

空格所在句子的含義是“需要維生素將食物2為能量，以維持身體的健康”。空格填入

的分詞需和into搭配，并符合文意。transform常與into搭配，強調(diào)的是“事物大的變革或

質(zhì)的改變”。在此從food（食物）到energy（能量）的轉變是一種質(zhì)的改變，因此，D符合

句意。

shift不與into搭配，如：Thewindshiftedtothesouth（風轉向南吹）；transfer多用于位

置的改變，也不與into搭配，如：Hisemployertransferredhimtoanotheroffice.（老板把他調(diào)

到了另一個辦公室）；alter強調(diào)部分或少量的變動，程度較輕，如：Theseclothesaretoolarge;

theymustbealtered.（這些衣服太大，得修改）。因此以上三個詞都不能表示事物質(zhì)的改變。

知識點補充：trans-為前綴，與動詞連用，表示“橫過，越過”或“轉變，轉移”，例如：

transact（辦理,交易，談判，處理），transatlantic（橫渡大西洋的），trans-national（跨越國界

的），transplant（移植），transport（運輸）。

3.[A]any任何一個[B]some一些

[C]anything任何事物[D]something某事物

[精解]本題考核的知識點是：不定代詞的用法。

空格所在句子是一個由and連接的并列句，前一個分句Therearethirteenormoreofthem

中的them指的是vitamins,后一個分句是一個由if引導的條件狀語從句，意為“如果…缺

乏，（會出現(xiàn)）維生素缺乏癥?！庇捎趇f引導的從句中謂語動詞is是單數(shù)，因而，只能由一

個表示單數(shù)意義的不定代詞作為被選項。

首先排除some,它一般用于肯定句，做主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)；其次anything與

something泛指任何事或某些事，放入句中不符句意；any放入后相當于anyofthem,即“任

何維生素”。注意any一般用于否定或疑問句中，做主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，如：Anyof

Ihehuntersisabletocatchthetigersingle-handed.（任何一個獵人都能單獨抓住老虎）。因此答

案只能選A。

4.[A]serious嚴重的，嚴肅的，認真的[B]apparent明顯的

[C]severe嚴厲的，劇烈的，嚴峻的[D]fatal致命的

[精解]本題考核的知識點是：形容詞詞義辨析。

本題要求考生判斷，如果缺乏任何一種維生素，缺乏癥就會變得怎樣。四個備選項表示

的程度不同，從語意的角度來說都可以與disease相搭配。但是，根據(jù)上下文，這里需要填

入一個準確描述疾病癥狀的詞。serious,severe和fatal這幾個詞都表示程度嚴重，甚至危及

生命。但上下文沒有暗示缺乏一種維生素會導致嚴重的后果，因此，這三個詞都不可作為被

選項。apparent只是簡單地描述了疾病的癥狀，為正確選項。

5.[A]mostly大部分，主要地[B]partially部分地

[C]sometimes有時候[D]rarely很少地，罕有地

[精解]本題考核的知識點是：邏輯語義搭配+副詞詞義辨析。

本句破折號后舉例說明維生素的組成成分：碳、氫、氧和5氮，and表明各成分之間為

并列關系，那么，選項應與usually相呼應。usually是頻度副詞，選項也應是頻度副詞。選

項中，mostly和partially不是頻率副詞，而是強調(diào)事物部分與整體的關系，如：Theaudience

consistedmostlyofwomen.（觀眾主要是婦女）；Thedriverispartiallytoblamefortheaccident.

（司機對那次車禍應負