Unit3 Listening and Speaking - Reading and Thinking 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新人教單元：必修三

Unit3

(ListeningandSpeaking—ReadingandThinking)詞匯課堂本單元詞匯梳理1.diverse近義詞various派生詞：diversity2.fortune詞源：fortune源自幸運女神的名字Fortuna詞塊：makea/onefortune,goodfortune,fortunecookie詞族：fortune,fortunate,fortunately,unfortunate,unfortunately,misfortune3.chip隱喻：基本義“碎片”

→比喻義(衍生義)“薯片”“芯片”4.cheese音譯詞“芝士”熟詞生義“茄子”(拍照時讓人微笑說的話)5.spicyspice(n

香料)+-y(充滿……的)6.admitad-(to)+mit(letgo,send)→送入→容許進入（正式用語）一詞多義：基本義“容許……進入”派生詞：admission7.definitelydefinite(肯定的)+-ly；近義詞certainly；句子副詞8.occur意為“發(fā)生”時是正式用語(對應(yīng)happen)詞塊：itoccurstosbthat9.downtown合成詞down+town詞源：在19世紀30年代，紐約城區(qū)集中在曼哈頓島南端，成為了市中心，后來經(jīng)濟向北擴展。up和down對應(yīng)于地圖上北和南。(downtown市中心,

uptown居住區(qū))10.mission詞源：16世紀時，隨著美洲新大陸的發(fā)現(xiàn)和殖民活動，歐洲基督教會大規(guī)模派遣傳教士到世界各地傳播福音、建立基督教會和學(xué)校。這種派遣活動以及派出去的團隊被稱為mission。因為這種派遣活動的目的是完成傳播福音的使命，所以mission衍生出“使命”的含義。mission除了表示傳教團隊外，還可以表示其他各種去遠處執(zhí)行使命的團隊，如外交團隊、參加比賽或會議的代表團等。11.districtdis-(apart分開)+strict(todrawtight拉緊)→分開被拉緊的物體→被分成幾部分的地區(qū)→區(qū)；地區(qū)12.afterwards美式英語afterwardafter+ward(toward向)+-s13.historicalhistory+-al；詞塊：placesofhistoricalinterest詞族：history,historic,historical,historian14.seek基本義：“尋找”正式用語：對應(yīng)①lookfor②askfor③trytoget詞塊：seekajob,seek(sb’s)help/advice,seektodosth,seekone’sfortune派生詞：seeker(jobseekers)15.earn詞塊：earna/one’sliving,earnmoney16.select精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義：精選(tochoosecarefully)同義詞choose(select更為正式)詞塊：selectsb/sthforsth,selectsb/sthassth,selectsb/sthtodosth17.china小寫c，瓷器，是不可數(shù)名詞18.jazz音譯詞“爵士樂”19.bar詞源：用來栓門的鐵條→將服務(wù)員與顧客隔開的“鐵條”→柜臺→酒吧詞塊：abarofchocolate/soap,acoffee/snack/winebar20.diagramdia-(across,through穿過)+gram(write,mark,draw寫、圖、畫)→圖表21.journal詞塊：keepajournal(=keepadiary)；派生詞：journalist22.series單復(fù)數(shù)同形，詞塊：aseriesof,TVseries23.minorityminor—minority；反義詞：majority詞塊：ethnicminority24.escape一詞多義：基本義“從……逃走”詞塊：escapefrom,narrowlyescape重難點詞精講admit一詞多義英語釋義一詞多義occur辨析義fortuneseek一詞多義英語釋義select英語釋義辨析義escape一詞多義搭配義claim英語釋義earn一詞多義中國傳統(tǒng)文化中的“?！痹趺幢磉_？fortune“?！彼鶎?yīng)的英文是goodfortune，直譯過來就是“好運氣”。神秘的“算命人”古今中外均不乏“算命的人”，在英語中這樣的人被稱為fortuneteller。Fortune

500“世界500強”是中國人對美國《財富》(Fortune)雜志每年評選的“全球最大五百家公司”排行榜的一種約定俗成的叫法。公司盈利多是躋身世界500強的先決條件，而fortune有“（大量）財產(chǎn)；大筆錢”的含義，這也是用Fortune

500來表達世界500強的原因。世界500強詞源故事福爾圖娜（Fortuna）是羅馬神話中的命運女神。她主管人和國家的命運。她的形象一般為一手執(zhí)羊角，象征豐饒和財富，一手執(zhí)車輪，象征命運的變遷興衰。英語單詞fortune就源自幸運女神的名字Fortuna。習(xí)語wheeloffortune字面意思是“幸運女神的車輪”，比喻命運或人生的變遷。fortunen

[U]機遇；運氣

chanceorluck,especiallyinthewayitaffectspeople’slives：fortunecookiesInChina,childrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.2012安徽

[C]&[U]時運；命運：tellsb’sfortuneWhatwillbeourfortune?

[C]（大量）財產(chǎn)；大筆的錢

alargeamountofmoney：makea/one’sfortuneasmallfortune(=aquitelargefortune)Hereceivedalargefortunewhenhisuncledied.成功與否的“命運”人生的“命運”金錢的“命運”—財運時運；命運機遇；運氣命運fortune（基本義）人生的“命運”成功與否的“命運”（大量）財產(chǎn)；大筆的錢金錢的“命運”—財運fortune語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖fortunefortunatefortunatelyunfortunateunfortunatelymisfortunefortune的同族詞如果有勇氣承認錯誤，那么所犯的錯誤也是可以被原諒的。

——李小龍李小龍（1940-1973），師承葉問，出生于美國，祖籍中國廣東佛山。功夫片的開創(chuàng)者和截拳道創(chuàng)始人、華人武打電影演員，中國功夫首位全球推廣者、好萊塢首位華人主角。admit

vt[正式用語]容許……進入toallowsb/sthtoenteraplace：

Onlyticket-holderswillbeadmittedto/intothestadium.

vt

[正式用語]接納；招收toallowsbtobecomeamemberofaclub,aschool,etc.：

Ishallbeverylikelytobeadmittedtomydreamuniversity.2014四川Thetable-tennisteamofourschoolisadmittingnewplayers.2017全國書面表達admit

v

注：在日常生活中，人們通常說letsbin而不是admitsbadmit的詞源義是“允許進入（letin）”，在此基礎(chǔ)上衍生出各層釋義。

vt&vi承認

toagree,oftenunwillingly,thatsthistrue：Weshouldhavethecouragetoadmit(to)ourmistakes.Ihadtoadmit(to)beingnervousaboutthetest.

vt&vi供認

tosaythatyouhavedonesthwrongorillegal：Herefusedtoadmit(to)theothercharges.Sheadmitted(to)havingstolen/stealingthecar.

[U]&[C]接納；進入權(quán)；準(zhǔn)許入會/學(xué)：

Admissionbyticket.Shefailedtogainadmissiontotheuniversityofherchoice.theuniversityadmissionspolicy/office

[C][常作單數(shù)]承認；供認：anadmissionofamistake/failureadmissionn

[U]入場費：admissioncharges/pricesadmittedlyadv

[句子副詞]誠然；不可否認地：Thetechniqueispainful,admittedly,butitbenefitsthepatientgreatly.詞匯拓展admit語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖供認admit容許……進入（基本義）承認“容許”事情“進入”內(nèi)心“容許”人“進入”組織或機構(gòu)“容許”物體“進入”某地接納；招收容許……進入“容許”自己做錯了的事“進入”公眾視野承認；供認接納；準(zhǔn)許入會/學(xué)；入場費進入權(quán)admissionMajorearthquakeslikethisoften_______________（發(fā)生）.happen

正式用語根據(jù)所給漢語，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。occur/occuroccurvi

[正式用語]發(fā)生tohappen:

AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.

2017江蘇

出現(xiàn)；存在toexistorbefoundsomewhere：

Sugaroccursnaturallyinfruit.Culturaldifferencesoccurwhereveryougo.2014重慶occurtosb浮現(xiàn)于腦中；被想起：①itoccurstosbtodosth:Itoccurredtohertophonethepolice.②itoccurstosb+that從句:NotoncediditoccurtoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.

2013湖南詞匯拓展

[C]發(fā)生的事情:everydayoccurrences

[U]發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)?occurrencen辨析occur,happen,takeplace相同點：①三者都可指“發(fā)生”。

②

三者都是不及物動詞，都無被動。不同點：occur指“發(fā)生”時可與happen換用，但occur較為正式。Ifanyofthesesymptomsoccurwhileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.happen主要用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件，多指意外事故、不幸的事。Maybesomethingunexpectedhappened.takeplace主要指按計劃進行或發(fā)生，可指發(fā)生好事或不好的事。Theconferencewilltakeplacenextmonth.魁地奇比賽中的找球手seeker在哈利波特的魔法世界中，最受歡迎的運動莫過于魁地奇比賽（Quidditch）。找球手seeker在比賽中起著極為重要的作用，他們負責(zé)抓取金色飛賊（thegoldensnitch），往往能使自己的球隊反敗為勝。seekseek

(sought,sought)

v

[正式用語或書面用語]

vt&vi尋找

tolookfor

sb/sth：Theysoughtforaplacetoshelterfromtherain,butinvain.seekjobs/work/employment根據(jù)seek的基本義tolookfor，猜猜下列句子中seek的意思。1.Thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.2014天津2.Theyhadsoughtmyadvice,andIhadrecommendedthismachine.3.Scientistshavebeenseekingtounderstandthemysteryofthe“sixthsense”ofdirection.尋求

口語trytofind/get征求

口語askfor試圖/企圖口語

trytodo【詞匯拓展】seekout找出；找到

：Wemustseekoutasolutiontotheproblem.playhide-and-seek玩捉迷藏seeker

n[C]

尋找者；追求者：ajob/an

attentionseeker重要詞塊earnearnpocketmoney賺零花錢topearners最賺錢的人earn

v

vt&vi賺得；掙得：earnascholarship

earnmoney/anincome/afortuneMygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.2018全國

vt

博得；贏得：Heearnedpraiseforhonesty.earna/one’sliving謀生：Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011遼寧?earningsn[C]［復(fù)數(shù)］薪水；工資?earnern[C]賺錢者基本義掙得美好事物select玩游戲的時候，你曾為“挑選”角色苦惱過嗎？“挑選”又如何表達呢？IwanttoreadanEnglishbook,butIcan’tchoosetherightone.Thecoachhasnotchosenmetoplayinthefootballteam.SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.2018全國

Selectsomethingaroundyouthatyousharewiththeotherperson.

2015安徽讀下面的句子，體會choose和select的區(qū)別：IneverydayEnglish,peopleusuallysaychooseratherthanselect.

select

vt（經(jīng)過認真思考而）挑選；精選

tochoosesb/sth,usuallycarefully,fromanumberofsimilarthings：Heselectedamobilephoneforpersonaluse.①selectsb/sthforsth:Hehadhopesofbeingselectedforthenationalteam.②selectsb/sthassth:In2019,TuYouyouwasselectedbytheBBCasoneofthemostinfluentialfiguresofscienceinthe20thcentury.③selectsb/sthtodosth:He’stheonlystudentintheclassthathasbeenselectedtotakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.

2014

湖北辨

select,choose,pick三者都有“選擇”之意。select

指“精選”，是基于要求從同類的許多事物或人中仔細辨別后選出最合適的。select比choose更正式。choose

指挑選自己喜歡的人或物；決定或更喜歡做某事。choose泛指選擇，可不帶賓語。Youchoose—Ican’tdecide.pick指從一群人或一組事物中選出一個或一些，可泛指選擇，口語用詞。choosetodocan’tchoosebutdosthchoosefrompickoutpickone’swords

selectiveadj慎重選擇的；精挑細選的

selectionn[U]&[C]可選之人或物；選集：makeaselectionSelectionsFromCharlesDickens《狄更斯選集》詞匯拓展新聞里經(jīng)常報道某個國家的某個城市發(fā)生了炸彈襲擊，而某個人或某個組織“聲稱”對該起恐襲事件負責(zé)，其中的“聲稱；宣稱”就用claim表示。claim

新聞中還常有天災(zāi)人禍的報道，往往會提及“……奪去了多少人的生命”，這時往往用“災(zāi)難或沖突等+claim+life/lives”表達。當(dāng)認為自己有合法權(quán)利提出某項要求時可以用claim。比如，當(dāng)網(wǎng)購的物品有損壞而要求退款（claimthemoneybackfordamages）；汽車因刮蹭向投保的保險公司索賠（claimontheinsurance）；認領(lǐng)丟失的財物（claimlostproperty）等等。claimv

vi聲稱；宣稱

tosaythatsthistrue,withouthavinganyproof:

Scientistsareclaimingamajorbreakthroughinthefightingagainstcancer.①claimtobe/dosth:Don’tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon’tknow.②claim+(that)從句：SomepeopleclaimthatsurfingtheInternetisawasteoftime.

vt&vi（根據(jù)權(quán)利）要求；索要；認領(lǐng)toaskforsthbecauseyouthinkit’syourlegalrighttohaveit：Heshouldbeableto

claimbackthepriceoftheticket.Youcanclaimontheinsuranceifyouhaveanaccidentwhileonholiday.

vt

[尤用于新聞報道]奪去（生命）tocausesb’sdeath：Over3,000liveswereclaimedinthe1906SanFranciscoearthquake.

人教新必修③–3

n

[C]

聲稱；斷言：Theymadeclaimstheycouldn’tliveupto.

（對事物的）權(quán)利；所有權(quán)：Thereisalargenumberofpatentexaminers,whoseonlyjobistoexaminewhetheryourclaimisvalidornot.

要求；索賠：Youcanmakeaclaimoninsurancepolicy.escape你玩過密室脫逃（RoomEscape）嗎？試想一下自己被困在一間門被鎖上的房間里，在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)，必須依靠各種細節(jié)進行推理，再加上各種道具的配合才能把里面的每一扇門都打開，最終實現(xiàn)“逃”出去。是不是很有意思？這個游戲也恰恰說明了“escape”這個詞最核心的意義：（從……）逃走。escape詞源escape的基本義:（從……）逃走escape（逃脫）：脫掉身上的斗篷得以逃脫。在古代歐洲的戰(zhàn)場上，被擊敗的戰(zhàn)士為了保命，往往會使出“金蟬脫殼”的招數(shù)，在被敵人抓住斗篷時脫掉斗篷而擺脫敵人，或在被敵人追趕時主動脫掉斗篷，趁敵人去撿斗篷時趕緊逃掉。因為在古代，一件斗篷算是不菲的財產(chǎn)，有錢人才穿得起。英語單詞escape（逃脫）就跟古人脫掉斗篷保命的做法有關(guān)。它由ex（outof）+cappa（cape，斗篷）構(gòu)成，字面意思就是“脫掉斗篷”。因此，英語單詞

escape可以按以下方式記憶其拼寫：escape=es（=ex，outof，脫掉）+cape（斗篷）。escapev

vi逃走；逃跑：Thehuntertriedtoescapefromtheforest,buthelosthisway.

vt&vi逃避；擺脫：escapesb’sattention/noticeHenarrowlyescapeddeathinanearthquake.ThesouthernpartofYunnanisthebestdistrictofChinatoescapethecoldwinter.人教新必修③–3escapedoingsth:Youareluckytoescapebeingpunished.

vi&vt[不用于被動語態(tài)]被忘掉：Shelooksfamiliar,buthernameescapesme(=Ican’trememberhername).

vi（氣體、液體等）泄漏：Asmallholeallowedsmoketoescapefromthetop.2010福建

escapen

[C]&[U]逃跑；逃脫；逃避：makeone’sescapeHehadanarrowescape.Forher,travelwasanescapefromtheboredomofhereverydaylife.

[C]

泄漏；出口:Canyousmellanescapeofgas?afireescape（氣體、液體等）泄漏escape

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖氣體/液體從容器中“逃走”從抽象的困境中“逃走”從被圍困的地方“逃走”逃避；擺脫逃走；逃跑從記憶中“逃走”被忘掉逃跑；逃脫泄漏；出口vn從……逃走基本義逃避小貼士電腦鍵盤上的“Esc鍵”你經(jīng)常用嗎？其實，Esc鍵就是英語escape的縮寫，這個按鍵也叫做escapekey，起到退出或取消的功能。想一想Esc鍵和“逃走”有什么聯(lián)系？本單元詞匯拓展：seek1.Ishallbeverylikelytobeadmittedtomydreamuniversity.2014四川2.Weshouldhavethecouragetoadmit(to)ourmistakes.3.Wemustseekoutasolutiontotheproblem.4.Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011遼寧5.Don’tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon’tknow.6.Henarrowlyescapeddeathinanearthquake.7.Hehadanarrowescape.金句匯總隨堂檢測寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。Ihavehadthegoodfortunetoworkwithsomebrilliantdirectors.（2012安徽）

_____________2.Shemadeafortuneandworediamondsanddesignerclothes.（2011江西）

_____________3.AnypaintingbyVanGoghisworthafortune._____________4.Imetafortunetellerintheshoppingmall._____________fortune有幸/有好運氣發(fā)財一大筆錢算命人一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。Sheadmittedhavingdriventhecarwithoutinsurance._____________2.Youwillnotbeadmittedtothetheatreaftertheperformancehasstarted._____________3.Hewasstudyinginthehopeofbeingadmittedtoanengineeringcollege._____________4.Anumberofpeoplehaveadmittedthatdespitetheirsuccess,theyaren’thappy.（2015浙江改）

_____________admit承認被允許進入被錄取承認二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Youshouldhavethecourageto______________________（承認錯誤）.2.Didhe___________________________（承認打破了窗戶）?3.Thisticket________________________（可讓兩人進場）.4.Theirpoetryclubhasrecently__________________________（吸收了幾名新社員）.

5.Gatesopenat10:30a.m.and__________________（免費入場）.6.________________________（這家公園最晚的入園時間）areat6:00p.m.admityourmistakesadmitstwopersons

admittedafewnewmembersadmitbreakingthewindowLastadmissionstothepark

admissionisfree一、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1._________________________（我沒有想到）thathemighthavehadproblems.2.Emersonwouldalwayssetdownnewideas_______________________（他想到的）.3.Isuppose______________________________（她根本沒想到要請求幫助）.4._________________________（他突然想到）thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.Itdidn’toccurtomethat/whichoccurredtohimitdidn’toccurtohertoaskforhelpItsuddenlyoccurredtohimoccur二、選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語，并用其正確形式填空。1.TheOlympics___________everyfouryears.2.Nooneknowsexactlywhat__________________butseveralpeoplehavebeenhurt.3.Ifheadaches_________whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

occur,happen,takeplacetakeplacehappened/occurredoccur一、選出下列句子中畫線部分的英語釋義。1.HowcanyouseekhelpfromtheWritingCentre?（2014天津）_______2.Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredeclining（減少）mayseekopportunitiesabroad.（2014山東）_______3.WesoughtoutKarenandtoldherofhersuccess. _______4.Localschoolsareseekingtoreducethedropoutrate._______

a.lookfor b.tryc.askfor d.findoutcseekadb二、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.OnahotsummerdayinlastAugust,I________(seek)shadeandacooldrinkatawaterfrontcafé.2.Somebusinessesonlyseek________(earn)enoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.（2013全國）3.Unluckily,theysoughtinvain________somewheretoshelter.4.Ajob________(seek)isanunemployedpersonwhoistryingtogetajob.soughttoearnforseeker根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Ithastakenyearsto___________________（贏得他們的信任）.2.Asateacher,shehad_____________________________（贏得了她學(xué)生的尊敬）.3.Iwishwecouldhelphimto___________________（掙錢）.Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.（2020山東改）4.Althoughthesebookswillnothelpyouto___________________（謀生）,theywillhelpyoutolivemorefully.earntheirtrustearnedtherespectofherstudentsearnmoneyearnearnyour/aliving選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。1.He

______________

apairofsockstomatchhissuit.2.Mywifeisgoingwithmetohelpme________

outanewsuit.

3.Icannot____________

butwait.4.Shetookalongtime____________

anewsweater.

selectedpicktochoosechoose

choose,select,pickselectclaim寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Noonehadcalledtoclaimthedog,soAnndecidedtokeepit.（2014山東）_____________2.Hetriedtoclaimthathehadactedinself-defence._____________3.Thecompanyclaimsthattheirproduct“makesyouthinwithoutdieting”._____________4.Heartdiseaseisthebiggestkiller,claiming180,000livesayear._____________認領(lǐng)這只狗宣稱聲稱奪去18萬人的生命5.Thegroupclaimedresponsibilityforaseriesofaccidents.