Unit3 Understanding ideas 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新外研單元：必修一Unit3(Understandingideas)本單元詞匯梳理1.character：詞源：來自希臘語kharakter“刻下的印記”，詞源同carve。由此產(chǎn)生了

character

的詞源義“符號、印記”。2.approach：一詞多義，基本義“接近”，comenearer

意為“處理……的方法”時與介詞to搭配，

類似結(jié)構(gòu)solutionto,keyto等。3.chat：n&v(a)chatwithsbabout/oversth4.focus：來自拉丁語fireplace，壁爐。古羅馬時代壁爐邊即focus被認(rèn)為是家庭生活的中心，引申為集中點(diǎn)、中心點(diǎn)。5.lawyer：構(gòu)詞法law—lawyer6.assume：表示“承擔(dān)”時是正式用語詞塊：assumeresponsibilityforsth=takeresponsibilityforsth

派生詞：assuming,assumption7.respect：re-(back向后，回)+specere(lookat看)→再看、反復(fù)看→尊重

詞塊：showrespectfor,withrespectto

詞族：respect,respectable,respectful,respective,respectively8.studio：一詞多義：錄音棚；攝影棚；工作室9.ignore：ig-(不、非)+

-gnore(toknow知道、了解)。即不知道的，引申詞義“無知、忽視”。10.professional：profession+-al11.suit：派生詞：suited,suitable12.talent：同義詞：gift詞塊：haveatalentfor,atalentshow

派生詞：talentedtalent詞源故事13.option：比choice稍正式詞塊havenooptionbuttodosth

派生詞optional14.curtain：詞塊：drawback/pullback/openthecurtains,draw/pull/closethecurtains15.generation：構(gòu)詞法：generate—generation隱喻：產(chǎn)品的代，4G,5G詞塊：(bridge/narrow)thegenerationgap(between…and…)focus一詞多義搭配義詞族respectassumecharacter一詞多義approach一詞多義一詞多義一詞多義suit辨析義重難點(diǎn)詞精講character詞源character來自希臘語kharakter“刻下的印記”，詞源同carve。由此產(chǎn)生了

character

的詞源義“符號、印記”。古代希臘人認(rèn)為，環(huán)境和人的成長經(jīng)歷會在人的身心留下印記，從而使其具有與眾不同的性格特征，因此character又衍生出“性格、個性、特征”的含義。在文學(xué)、戲劇等藝術(shù)作品中，作者通過對人物性格的刻畫，從而塑造出個性鮮明的人物，這種“人物角色”也被稱為character。楔形文字甲骨文竹簡character

[C][常用單數(shù)]性格：Shehasacheerfulbutquietcharacter.

[U]特色；特性thequalitiesthatmakesb/sthdifferentfromothers(nature)：Thewholecharacteroftheschoolhaschangedsincehebecamethepresident.

[U](好的)品性；道德品質(zhì)strongpersonalqualities：Sportscanbegoodforcharacterbuilding.

[C]人物；角色：cartooncharacters

aleadingcharacterinafilm

[C]符號；文字：amusicalcharacter

Chinesecharacters

性格基本義charactercharacter語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖人的性格事物與眾不同的性格人優(yōu)秀的性格體現(xiàn)書寫性格的符號書、影視中不同性格的人性格由人到物語義縮小特色；特性(好的)品性；道德品質(zhì)人物；角色符號；文字Watchyouractions,theybecomehabits.行為決定習(xí)慣。Watchyourhabits,theybecomecharacter.習(xí)慣決定品格。Watchyourcharacter,theybecomedestiny.品格決定命運(yùn)。乘坐地鐵或高鐵，每當(dāng)列車進(jìn)站時，都會聽見車站內(nèi)語音提示：開往XX方向的（XX次）列車即將進(jìn)站。英文表達(dá)是：ThetrainboundforXXisapproaching/arriving.這里的approach就是“靠近”的意思，這也是approach的詞源義和基本義，即“comenear”。生活中的approach

vt&vi(距離上)靠近(near)；(時間上)臨近；(數(shù)量上)接近

tocomenearornearertosb/sthinspace,time,amount,etc.：approachvApproachingthevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.2016全國AsTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.2012陜西書面表達(dá)Thepopulationofourprovinceisnowapproaching74million.走近來臨接近Thestaffsoonfoundthenewmanagereasytoapproach.2012陜西Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.

vt與……接洽

tospeaktosbusuallyinordertoaskforsth：

vt處理tostartdealingwithaproblem,task,etc.：What’sthebestwayofapproachingthisproblem/matter/task?表示處理的詞還有：dealwith,handle,address

[U]靠近；接近：theapproachofautumnThestudentsstoppedtalkingattheteacher’sapproach.approachn

[C]通道；道路aroadorpath,etc.leadingtosth：All

approachestothetownwereblocked.

[C](處理……的)方法；(達(dá)到……的)途徑awayofdealingwithsb/sth：Thejobmarkethaschangedandourapproach

tofindingworkmustchangeaswell.

跟to搭配的常見名詞有：answer,key,solution,visit,way,entrance,exit等

approach語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“靠近”距離、時間、數(shù)量等“靠近”人（由物到人）vn（距離上）靠近；（時間上）臨近；（數(shù)量上）接近靠近；接近與……接洽通道；道路處理（處理…的）方法（達(dá)到…的）途徑“靠近”距離、時間、數(shù)量等“靠近”人“靠近”事情處理靠近基本義focus詞源來自拉丁語fireplace，壁爐。古羅馬時代壁爐邊即focus被認(rèn)為是家庭生活的中心，引申為集中點(diǎn)、中心點(diǎn)。focus■n[C]&[U](plfocuses/foci)

焦點(diǎn)；焦距：Thefocusonmycameraisn’tworkingproperly.

中心點(diǎn)；關(guān)注點(diǎn)：Thefocusofattentionhaschanged.Weshallmaintainourfocusontheneedsofthecustomer.成像的中心點(diǎn)注意力的中心點(diǎn)comeintofocus成為焦點(diǎn)infocus焦點(diǎn)對準(zhǔn)的；清晰的outoffocus焦點(diǎn)未對準(zhǔn)的；模糊不清的vt&vi

(使)

調(diào)節(jié)焦距：Inthisscene,thecamerafocusesontheactor’sface.

(使)

集中(注意力、精力等)：Theotherteamwasbrilliantandwereallyhadtofocus.focus(...)on/upon集中

(…)于；聚焦(…)于：Byfocusingonsavingoil,water,paper,food,andclothing,weareplayingapartincuttingdownonwaste.2014福建同義異構(gòu)：concentrateassume將下列句子譯成英語。我本以為他是法國人，但是實(shí)際上他是德國人。I______________aFrenchman,butactuallyhewasaGerman.thoughthewashadassumedhimtobeassumevt

[正式用語]擔(dān)任；承擔(dān)(take)：assumeofficeImadeamistakeandIwillassumeresponsibilityforit.

假定；設(shè)想tothinkthatsthistrue,althoughyouhavenoproof：Wethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.Itisgenerallyassumed(that)stressiscausedbytoomuchwork.Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.2009江蘇通過英語釋義來理解辨析assume,supposeassume假定；設(shè)想tothinkthatsthistrue,althoughyouhavenoproofIjustassumedthatthewomanstandingnexttoJackwashiswife.suppose認(rèn)為；猜想tothinkthatsthisprobablytrue,especiallybecauseofsomeinformationyouhaveTherearemanyreasonstosupposethatShakespearewasfamiliarwiththestoriesofmedievalItaly.

suppose多用于書面語或正式用語中。沒有依據(jù)有依據(jù)?assumingconj

假設(shè)；假定：Assuming(that)you’rechosentobetheleader,whatwillyoudo??assumptionn[C]假定；假設(shè)：Weareworkingontheassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.詞匯拓展25respect詞源re-：“回，向后；再”

spect：“看”respect：“再次看”

“尊重”詞源義：lookbackat,regard,considerfromre-“back+spect“l(fā)ookat”26

尊重；尊敬：Themediashouldrespectfamouspeople’sprivacy.

遵守：respectthelaw遵守法律respectvt

通常不用于進(jìn)行時熟詞生義：尊重法律、規(guī)章制度等27■

n

[U]

尊敬；尊重：showrespectforsbwintherespectof

[復(fù)數(shù)]

[正式用語]

問候：Givemyrespectstoyourfather.

[C]關(guān)系；方面：Inthisrespect,newtechnologieshaveshapedourculture.同根詞spect（看）tolookinspect

v

檢查(in-入)

expect

v

期待(ex-出來)suspectv

懷疑(sus-/sub-在下面)prospectn

前景(pro-前)

aspectn

方面(a-:加強(qiáng)意義)suit,fit,match句中悟1.Redandblackarecoloursthat_____meverywell.2.Theseveno’clocktrainwill_____usverywell.3.Hercoat_____(her)exactly.4.Allthefactscertainly_____yourtheory.5.Thecurtainsandthecarpets______perfectly.6.Doyouthinkthesetwocolours______?

7.aperfect______suitsuitfitsfitmatchmatchmatch1.match多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等相匹配、協(xié)調(diào)。2.suit主要指款式、顏色或花樣等適合，也可指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、身份，對……方便等。3.fit多指大小、形狀等合適，引申為“一致”、“吻合”。suit,fit,match總結(jié)隨堂檢測character一、根據(jù)句意寫出畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Mymomisawomanofgreatcharacterwhoputseveryone’sneedsbeforeherown. _______2.Anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegativeeffectsonaperson’scharacter.(2011湖北改) _______3.Atthelastmoment,Tomdecidedtoputinanew

charactertomakethestoryseemmorelikely.(2013全國) _______4.Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit.Thecharacterofthetowniswellpreserved.

(2013江蘇) _______5.TrulyelegantchopsticksmightbemadeofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(2016全國) _______

__________

品性性格角色/人物特色文字二、根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。1.Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodfor___________________(良好品格的培養(yǎng)).(2009湖北改)2.Anyfilmmakerwilltellyouthattheycan’tmakeamoviewithoutgood___________________(實(shí)力派演員).3.JuliaRoberts_______________________________(演主角)inthemovie.

4.Thetwobrothersweretotally___________________(性格不同).characteractorsdifferent

incharactercharacterbuildingplayedthemaincharacter一、寫出下列句子中approach的漢語釋義。______________1.Amomentlater,themancameoutofthewashroomandapproachedourtable.(2013陜西)______________2.Itmightbepossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.

______________3.Ialwaysapproachmyparentsforhelp.______________4.Thetemperaturesareapproaching37oC.靠近

處理

與……接洽

接近approach35二、根據(jù)所給漢語用approach完成句子。1.I’dliketotalkabout___________________________(處理

困難的方法)inlearning.2.Thereweredifferencesin_________________________

_____________(他們教育孩子的方法).3.Iexpect______________________(秋天的來臨).4.Thereisa______________________(去市里的新路).myapproachtodifficultiestheirapproachtoeducatingtheapproachofautumnnewapproachtothecitytheirchildren

focus寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thebookfocuseson

bigquestions:Whathassciencerevealed(揭露)abouthumannature?(2015湖北)

_________2.IthinkDavelikestobethefocusofattention. _________3.Thesetopicshaverecentlycomeintofocus._________4.Thechildren’sfacesarebadlyoutoffocus

inthephotograph. _________聚焦；關(guān)注關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)成為焦點(diǎn)模糊不清將下列句子譯成英語。1.普遍認(rèn)為，壓力為工作過重所致。_____________________________________________2.在失業(yè)率和犯罪率高的地方，我們可以假定高犯罪率是由高失業(yè)率造成的。Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,_________________________thelatterisduetotheformer.assumeItisgenerallyassumed(that)stressiscausedbytoomuchwork.itcanbeassumedthat一、填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~完成下列各句。1.Hisworkisgood_________respectofquality.2.Children