備戰(zhàn)2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí) 英語 題組限時(shí)滿分練4 　閱讀理解 七選五閱讀（含解析）

滿分練(四)閱讀理解+七選五閱讀Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024江西鷹潭二模)ThischartshowshowmuchmoneyAmericanshaveinsavingsateveryage.ThetypicalAmericanhouseholdhasanaverageof$8,863inanaccountatabankorcreditunion,accordingtoarecentreportfromBankratethatanalyzedinflation-adjusteddatafromtheFederalReserve.That’spurelyinliquidsavings,soitdoesn’tincluderetirementfundsorotherinvestments.However,thatamountvariesgreatlybyageandhouseholdtype.SavingsvarywidelybyhouseholdtypeandageFormanyfamilies,thisamountofsavingsfallsshort,someexpertswarn.“Theultimatedestinationshouldbeenoughtocoversixmonths’expenses,perhaps9to12monthsforsolebreadwinnersorself-employedindividuals,”GregMcBride,CFAandchieffinancialanalystforB,saysinthereport.“Here’sthethingwithemergencymoney:Moreisalwaysbetter,”best-sellingauthorandco-founderofAEWealthManagementDavidBachtellsCNBCMakeIt.“Youhearallthetimeexpertssay,youshouldhavethreemonthsofexpensessetaside.Well,itdepends.Intherecession,whenpeoplelosttheirjobs,threemonthsofexpensessetasidewasn’tenough.”Meanwhile,otherresearchhasfoundthat60percentofmillennialsdon’thaveenoughmoneytocovera$1,000emergency.Inadditiontobuildingyouremergencyfund,youshouldaimtoputaround15percentofyourincometowardsretirementsavings,accordingtothefinancialservicescompanyFidelity.Ifyouwanttoputmoreawayeachmonth,startbycuttingbackonAmericans,threebiggestexpenses:housing,transportationandfood.Youcanalsoresearchwaystotrim(削減)yourbudgetandlookintostrategiesforboostingyourincome.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過圖表介紹了美國人在各個(gè)年齡段的儲蓄金額。1.Accordingtothechart,forthosebetween35and44,whohavethemostinsavings?A.Singleswithchildren.B.Singleswithoutchildren.C.Coupleswithchildren.D.Coupleswithoutchildren.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)柱狀圖可知,35~44歲的人群中,有孩子的夫婦存款最多。故選C項(xiàng)。2.AccordingtoGregMcBride,atleasthowmuchmoneyshouldbesetasideforafamilywithonlyonepersonwhoearnsmoney?A.3months’expenses.B.6months’expenses.C.9months’expenses.D.12months’expenses.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中GregMcBride所說的話可知,對于只有一人養(yǎng)家糊口的家庭,要預(yù)留9~12個(gè)月的花費(fèi),所以至少要有9個(gè)月。3.Whichcolumnofanewspaperisthisarticleprobablyfrom?A.Businessandtrade.B.Savingandinvesting.C.Healthandwellness.D.Employmentandretirement.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文大意,文章通過圖表介紹了美國人在各個(gè)年齡段的儲蓄金額,可以推斷這篇文章應(yīng)該來自報(bào)紙中的“Savingandinvesting(儲蓄和投資)”專欄。B(2024廣東惠州一模)Asachild,Johnalwayswonderedhowthehumanbodyworkedandhowhecouldkeepithealthy.Hisinterestinmedicinegrewstrongerwhenhevolunteeredatachildren’shospitalduringhighschool.Thenever-give-upspiritofyoungpatientsbattlingagainstvariousillnessesmassivelyaffectedhim.Initially,hechosenursingincollege,believingitwouldleadhimtoworkcloselywithchildren.Butafterhisfirsthalfyear,herecognizednursingwasn’tfitforhim.Switchingtobiologyhelpedhimdiscoverhispassionforlearningaboutthecomplexitiesofhumanbodyandusingthatknowledgetohelpchildren.Althoughthethoughtofthelengthyeducationandresidencyrequiredforpediatrics(兒科學(xué))madehimhesitant,aheart-to-heartconversationwithhisbrotherchangedhismind.HisbrotherconvincedJohnthathispassionshouldmotivatehimratherthanscarehim.ItwasthenthatJohndecidedtobecomeapediatricianbecauseofthesimplefactthathewouldworkwithchildreneveryday,andwouldmakeapositiveimpactontheirlivesandtheirfamilies.Pediatricsisnotjustaboutregularcheck-ups,italsoincludesmakingsickkidsfeelbetterandhelpingthemheal.ThisbringssomuchjoytoJohn’sheart.Tohim,heisnotonlyadoctorbutalsoateacher,offeringasafespaceforthelittleonestoopenupandsharetheirfearsorconcerns.Plus,hereallyenjoysbeingafriendlyandeasy-to-talk-topersonintheirlives.BeingapediatriciangivesJohntherewardingexperienceofhelpingandinteractingwithchildrendailyandmakingthoselittleones’toughtimeseasier.Also,thechangingworldofhealthcaremeanshe’llalwaysbelearningnewthingsandfacingexcitingchallenges.Withhisfutureplans,hewantstogetintothefieldofbeingaphysicianassistant—asteppingstonethatkeepshiminvolvedinpediatriccarewhilestillengagedindirectinteractionwithyoungpatients.Itallowshimtodolotsofthesamethingsasapediatrician,aswellashelpshimimproveskillsthatarevitalformakingkidshealthier.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了John從小對人體的運(yùn)作和健康感興趣,高中時(shí)在兒童醫(yī)院志愿服務(wù)增強(qiáng)了他的醫(yī)學(xué)熱情。雖然最初選擇護(hù)理,但轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)生物后,他決定成為兒科醫(yī)生,為孩子們的生活帶來積極影響。4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hebegantohaveaninterestinmedicineduringhighschool.B.Hedecidedtoworkonnursingaftergraduationfromcollege.C.Hegotinspiredbyyoungpatientswhenvolunteeringatahospital.D.Hewascuriousabouthowthedoctorsworktokeeppeoplehealthy.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thenever-give-upspiritofyoungpatientsbattlingagainstvariousillnessesmassivelyaffectedhim.”可知,從第一段中可了解到John在醫(yī)院做義工時(shí)受到年輕病人的啟發(fā)。5.WhydidJohnchoosethecareerasapediatrician?A.Tolearnaboutthecomplexitiesofhumanbody.B.Tobringaboutimprovementsinchildren’slives.C.Togetrewardingexperienceofhelpingchildren.D.Tofacethechallengesmakinghimhesitantandscared.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ItwasthenthatJohndecidedtobecomeapediatrician...ontheirlivesandtheirfamilies.”可知,John選擇了兒科醫(yī)生的職業(yè)是因?yàn)樗敫纳苾和纳睢?.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJohn’sfeelingtowardsbeingapediatrician?A.Excitedbuttired.B.Worthybutstressful.C.Proudanddelighted.D.Concernedandmoved.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThisbringssomuchjoytoJohn’sheart.”以及第四段中“BeingapediatriciangivesJohn...makingthoselittleones’toughtimeseasier.”可知,John對成為一名兒科醫(yī)生的感受是自豪和喜悅的。7.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.John’sjourneyofpursuingacareerinpediatrics.B.John’schallengesandrewardsasapediatrician.C.Acomparisonbetweenpediatriciansandnurses.D.Theimportanceofimprovingthehealthofchildren.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“ItwasthenthatJohndecidedtobecomeapediatrician...ontheirlivesandtheirfamilies.”并結(jié)合全文可知,文章主要講述了John從小對人體的運(yùn)作和健康感興趣,高中時(shí)在兒童醫(yī)院志愿服務(wù)增強(qiáng)了他的醫(yī)學(xué)熱情。雖然最初選擇護(hù)理,但轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)生物后,他決定成為兒科醫(yī)生,為孩子們的生活帶來積極影響。A項(xiàng)具有高度概括性,符合全文語境。故選A項(xiàng)。C(2024安徽合肥二模)Somelanguagesarerapid-fireandothersmoreunhurriedbutthereisnodifferenceinthespeedatwhichinformationisshared,accordingtothenewresearch.Theworld’s7000orsolanguagesdiffergreatlynotonlyintheirrangeofavailablephonemes—theunitsofsoundthatmakeupspeech,butalsointhepaceatwhichthesebuildingblocksarethrowntogetherinspeech.Butthenewresearchintotheinformationcontentinspeechshowsthatlanguagesallowtheirspeakerstocommunicateaboutthesameamountofinformationperseconddespitewidevariationsinthespeedofspeech.Tounderstandthisbetter,researchersledbyChristopheCoupéfromtheUniversityofLyonandYoonOhfromtheUniversityofCanterburystudiedrecordingsof170nativeadultspeakersof17EuropeanandAsianlanguages.Eachspeakerreadasetofstandardizedtextscontainingabout240,000syllables(音節(jié)).Theresearchersfoundthatthefastestlanguagehit9.1syllablespersecond,andtheslowestamere4.3.Butthiswascancelledoutbytheamountofinformation,measuredinbits,thateachsyllablecontained.Thisvariedsignificantlyfrom4.8bitspersyllableforBasqueto8.0bitspersyllableforVietnamese.Thestudyfoundlanguagesthatpackalotofinformationintosoundsandsyllablestendtobespokenmoreslowly,whilethosewithalowinformationdensity(密度)aredeliveredmorerapidly.Whilespeechrateandinformationdensityfluctuate(波動)widely,theinformationrate—thespeedatwhichinformationisdelivered—staysconsistentlyaround39.15bitspersecond.Theresearcherssaythisappearstorepresentaoptimal(最佳的)rateforgivingandreceivinginformation.Languagesseemtostablyinhabitanoptimalrangeofinformationrates,awayfromtheextremesthatcanstillbeavailabletoindividualspeakers.Ofcourse,noteverybodyspeaksattheoptimalinformationrate.Weallknowpeoplewhotalktooquicklyorslowly,andthenewresearchmaycastlightonwhywefindlisteningtothemhardwork.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新研究成果,盡管各語言語速各異,但信息傳遞效率卻基本一致。8.Whathasthenewresearchfoundout?A.Languagestendtoconveyinformationwithsimilarefficiency.B.Languageshavenearlythesamerangeofavailablephonemes.C.Thenumberoflanguageshasgraduallydecreasedtoabout7000.D.Thespeedofspeechisdeterminedbytheinformationcontent.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butthenewresearchintotheinformationcontentinspeechshows...thespeedofspeech.”可知,新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)語言傾向于以相似的效率傳遞信息。故選A項(xiàng)。9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.B.Abriefintroductionoftheresearchprocess.C.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.D.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.答案B解析段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Tounderstandthisbetter...forBasqueto8.0bitspersyllableforVietnamese.”可知,第三段主要講述了研究團(tuán)隊(duì)如何進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),包括他們選擇的參與者、實(shí)驗(yàn)材料以及實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些具體數(shù)據(jù),因此,這一段是對研究過程的簡要介紹。10.WhatcanwelearnfromthefindingofChristophe’sstudy?A.Morewordsinspeechconveymoreinformation.B.Theinformationrateremainsatareasonablelevel.C.Thespeechratecanaffecttheinformationdensity.D.Languageswithmoresyllablesaredeliveredfaster.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段尾句可知,從Christophe的研究中我們能得知語言的信息率保持在合理水平。故選B項(xiàng)。11.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheoptimalinformationrate?A.Itcanleadtosmoothcommunication.B.Itmayresultinthedifficultyoflistening.C.Itstaysthesameforindividualspeakers.D.Itpreventsspeakersfromgoingtoextremes.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Languagesseemto...beavailabletoindividualspeakers.”可推知,最優(yōu)信息速率可以避開個(gè)體說話者的極端速率,能夠使溝通順暢。DAbrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.ButthatisexactlythekindofyardcompetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe“World’sUgliestLawn”.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脫水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof“savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforgreenlawns”.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,arecomingunderincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.TheglobalinitiativewaslaunchedontheofficialwebsiteforGotlandinSweden.“Hugeamountsofwaterareusedtowaterlawnsforaesthetics(美學(xué)).Astheworldgetswarmer,lackofwaterinurbanareasisprojectedtoaffectupto2.4billionpeopleby2050.Bynotwateringlawnsforaestheticreasons,wecanprotecttheavailabilityofgroundwater,”thecompetitionorganizerssaid.TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.Accordingtotheorganizers,Murray’slawn“boastsdeepanddrydivotscreatedbythreewildbandicoots(袋貍)andnotonedust-covereddecimeteriswastedonwatering”.Murraysaidinthepressreleaseabouthertriumph,“Iamterriblyproud!IknewIwouldhavemy5minutesoffame,evenifitwasforhavingtheugliestlawnontheplanet!Iamnowfreeofevertakingcareofmylawnagain.”ApressreleasebytheGotland,officeadded,“Fortheplanetanditsdecliningstockpilesoflife-givingliquid,thankyou,Kathleen,aswellasthosenaughtybandicootsdamagingyourlawnforthegreatergood.”O(jiān)rganizersadded,“GotlandaimstoshowtoSwedenandtheworldthatsustainablebehaviordoesn’thavetobedull.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇新聞稿。文章主要介紹瑞典庭院比賽組織者推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎。12.WhatcanwesayabouttheyardcompetitionorganizedinSweden?A.Peoplehadevendoubteditsauthenticity.B.Peopleworldwidewereunwillingtojoin.C.Itsparticipantsmustbeprofessionalgardeners.D.Itsentriesmustagreewiththeexistingaesthetics.答案A解析推理判斷題。由文章第一段內(nèi)容可推測,該獎項(xiàng)不是常規(guī)獎項(xiàng),所以人們甚至懷疑它的真實(shí)性。13.Whatisthepurposeofthisyardcompetition?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectlawns.B.Toencouragepeopletobecreative.C.Tochallengethenormofaesthetics.D.Toremindpeopleofwatershortage.答案D解析推理判斷題。由文章第二段內(nèi)容可知,這場庭院比賽的目的是提醒人們注意缺水問題。14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph”inparagraph4mean?A.Ambition. B.Success.C.Sorrow. D.Barrier.答案B解析詞句猜測題。由文章第四段中的“TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.”可知,KathleenMurray獲得“世界上最丑草坪”獎,所以畫線單詞的句子應(yīng)表示Murray在新聞稿中談到了她的獲獎的成功,所以猜測triumph表“成功”。15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.People’sWhelmingReactionToAYardContestInSwedenB.LawnsAndRareBandicootsCallingForUrgentProtectionC.ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCauseD.TheWorld’sUgliestLawnUnacceptedByTheWholeWorld答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。由文章第一段內(nèi)容以及下文可知,文章主要介紹瑞典庭院比賽組織者為了提醒人們注意缺水問題,推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎。所以C項(xiàng)“ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCause(一塊草坪被評為全球最丑陋草坪,只為做一件好事)”符合語境。Ⅱ.七選五(2024江西新余二模)Howlongdoesittaketobecomeanelite(精英)inyourfield?16That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.

Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.17TheresearchfocusedonpeoplelikeMozartandPicasso—todeterminehowlongittookthemtobecomeworld-classattheircraft.

Let’stalkaboutwhatHayeshasdiscoveredaboutworld-classperformers.Andmoreimportantly,let’sdiscusshowyoucanusetheseinsightstoachieveyourgoalsandbecomeyourbest.18Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebecomesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebecomesworld-class?”Eventually,Hayesdevelopedalistof500piecesof“masterworks”inthefield,whichwerecreatedbyatotalof76composers.

Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachcomposer’scareer.19Whathediscoveredwasthatvirtuallyeverysingle“masterwork”waswrittenafterthetenthyearofthecomposer’scareer.Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.20

Infollow-upstudies,Hayesfoundsimilarpatternsamongfamouspaintersandpopularpoets.ThesefindingshavebeenfurtherconfirmedbyresearchfromprofessorslikeK.AndersEricsson,whoproducedresearchthatrevealedthatyouneededtoputin“10,000hours”tobecomeaneliteorexpertinyourfield.A.Ittakestimetoachieveyourgoals.B.Andwhatdopeoplelikedoingintheirsparetime?C.Hehasstudiedthemosttalentedcre