專題37 八省聯(lián)考閱讀微技能之態(tài)度推斷題（滿分攻略+八省名校模擬）

專題37八省聯(lián)考閱讀微技能之態(tài)度推斷題（滿分攻略+八省名校模擬）原卷版（山西、河南、陜西、內(nèi)蒙古、四川、云南、寧夏、青海）技能專區(qū)：沖刺備考名師提醒，提供高效提分干貨，幫你舉一反三提分態(tài)度觀點態(tài)度類試題的解題方法：第一：結(jié)合題干人物和內(nèi)容定位原文出現(xiàn)在哪一（些）段；然后仔細比對該句言外之意；第二：加入自己的態(tài)度。要注意區(qū)分試題考查的是作者的態(tài)度還是作者引用別人的態(tài)度；第三：態(tài)度沒有明確提出時，要學會根據(jù)作者在文章中所運用詞匯的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度，尤其是動詞、形容詞和副詞，如wonderfully,successfully,unfortunately,doubtfully等。樂觀支持類詞匯：optimistic樂觀的；positive肯定的；favorable支持的，贊同的；supportive支持的；approving贊成的客觀中立類詞匯：objective客觀的；neutral中立的；cautious謹慎的消極反對類詞匯：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful懷疑的；indifferent漠不關心的；critical批評的；ironic諷刺的；skeptical質(zhì)疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不贊同的；pessimistic悲觀的；dismissive輕蔑的，不屑一顧的真題專區(qū)：研讀高考真題，洞悉高考命題規(guī)律，探尋滿分技巧和應試思維！(2024全國甲卷第31題)TheSaintLukastraindoesn’tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(鄉(xiāng)村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,”saysEmileDucke,aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripinNovemberthroughthevastregions(區(qū)域)ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補給).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”28.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?A.Itrunsacrosscountries. B.Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.C.Itfunctionsasahospital. D.Ittravelsalongariver.29.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?A.Itisheavilypopulated. B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity. D.Itneedsmedicalaid.30.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?A.Aboutayear. B.Abouttenmonths.C.Abouttwomonths. D.Abouttwoweeks.31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.模擬專區(qū)：做好題才有好成績！練技能，補漏洞，提分數(shù)，強信心！【01】（24-25高三上·廣東·期中）Sandingontheshoreofalake,Ican’thelpbutmarvelatthetensorhundredsofthousandsofsmallrocksthatsurroundmyboots.Theywereallcreatedfromhardsurfaces,theiredgessofteningovertime.AndIwonder,canwelearnfromapileofrocks?Eventhetallestmountainshaveworndown;noneareastallastheywere1,000yearsago.Andmuchlikearock.I’vefoundmyattitudehassoftenedandmydesiretobetterunderstandothershasexpandedwitheachtriparoundthesun.OnceItoowasasharprockcoveredinpointyedges.Today,afterdecadesofthewatersoflifecoursingoverme,myedgesaresofterandmoreunderstanding.I’mlesslikelytojudgeandmoreinterestedinlearninghowwecanexisttogether.ButI’mnotarock.I’mahuman-beingfilledwithallthedramabuiltintomyDNA.Twoyearsago,whiletravelinginthePacificNorthwest,Iwatchedarestaurantowneraskaguytoleavefornotfallinginlinewiththerules.Notforcefulandnetrude.Onthedoorreadasign:“Pleasewearamaskbeforeenteringourrestaurant.Wedon’tlikeiteither,butlet’salldowhatwecan.”Buttheguytriedtoargueaboutthenote.Isatwatching.understandingbothsides.I’vebeenthisguybefore,usingmyyouthfuledgestochipawayattheworld.WhatIlost,however,wastheabilitytogrowbylookingthroughothers’eyes,andthusthepossibilityoffindingcontentandsuccess.Youcanfitmoreroundedrocksinajarthanthosewithsharpedges.Theformerlookforwaystoadjustandmakeroomforothers;thelatternevergiveaninchtoaccommodateothers.Time,likethewatersrollingagainstoncesharpstones,changesusbywashingawayourresistancetoseeingtheworldfromanother’spointofview.Iplacedaroundedstoneintomypocket.MotherNatureisholdingclassagain.1.Whatdoestheauthorcomparetherocksto?A.Peoplewithvariedpersonalities.B.DNAuniquetoeachperson.C.Challengesthatwecomeacross.D.Ourabilitiesthatgrowswithtime.2.Whatcausedtheargumentintherestaurant?A.Lackofclarityinthesign.B.Theowner’sinappropriateattitude.C.Demandingrestaurantrequests.D.Theguy’sfailingtoobeytherules.3.Whichbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheworldwhenhewasyoung?A.Respectful. B.Aggressive. C.Ambiguous. D.Tolerant.4.Whatdoestheauthortrytoconveythroughthistext?A.Weshouldadjustourselvestonewconditions.B.Bebravewheninthefaceofdifficultiesinlife.C.It’snecessarytoobeytherulesinpublicspaces.D.Beingopenandunderstandingbringssatisfaction.【02】（24-25高三上·福建廈門·期中）SomegraduatestudentsinLondonwererecentlytaskedwithoutwittingalargelanguagemodel(LLM),atypeofAIdesignedtoholdusefulconversations.LLMsareoftenprogrammedwithguardrailstostopthemgivingharmfulreplies:instructionsonmakingbombsinabathtub,forinstance.Theaimofthetaskwastobreakthoseguardrails.Someresultsweremerelystupid.Oneparticipantgotthechatbottoclaimduckscouldbeusedasindicatorsofairquality.Butthemostsuccessfuleffortswerethosethatmadethemachineproducethetitlesandpublicationdatesofnon-existentacademicarticles.AIbasthepotentialtobeabigbenefittoscience.Butitcomeswithdownsides,too.Startwiththesimplestproblem:academicmisconduct.SomeresearchersuseLLMstohelpwritepapers.GuillaumeCabanac,acomputerscientist,hasuncovereddozensofpapersthatcontainphrasessuchas“regenerateresponse”-thetextofabuttoninChatGPTthatcommandstheprogramtorewriteitsmostrecentanswer,probablycopiedintothemanuscript(原稿)bymistake.AnotherproblemariseswhenAlmodelsaretrainedonAI-generateddata.LLMsaretrainedontextfromtheInternet.Astheyproducemoresuchtext,theriskofLLMstakingintheirownoutputs-grows.Thatcancause“modelcollapse’.In2023lliaShumailov,acomputerscientist,co-authoredapaperinwhichamodelwasfedhandwrittendigitsandaskedtogeneratedigitsofitsown,whichwerefedbacktoitinturn.Afterafewcycles,thecomputer’snumbersbecamemoreorlessincomprehensible.Someworrythatcomputer-generatedinsightsmightcomefrommodelswhoseinnerworkingsarenotunderstood.Inexplainablemodelsarenotuseless,saysDavidLeslieatanAl-researchoutfitinLondon,buttheiroutputswillneedrigoroustestingintherealworld.Thatisperhapslessunnervingthanitsounds.Checkingmodelsagainstrealityiswhatscienceissupposedtobeabout,afterall.Fornow,atleast,questionsoutnumberanswers.Thethreatsthatmachinesposetothescientificmethodare,attheendoftheday,thesameonesposedbyhumans.AIcouldacceleratetheproductionofnonsensejustasmuchasitacceleratesgoodscience.AstheRoyalSocietyhasit,nulliusinverba:takenobody’swordforit.Nothing’s,either.1.TheresultofthetaskconductedinLondonshowsthat.A.LLMsgiveawayusefulinformation B.theguardrailsturnouttobeineffectiveC.AI’sinfluencewillpotentiallybedecreased D.theeffortputintothestudyofAIhardlypaysoff2.Whatdoes“modelcollapse"indicate?A.Thereadabilityofthemodels’outputisunderestimated.B.Thediversesourcesofinformationconfusethemodels.C.Trainingonregenerateddatastopsmodelsworkingwell.D.Thedatabecomesreliableafterfeedingonitsowndigits.3.WhatisDavidLeslie’sattitudetowardsinexplainablemodels?A.Dismissive. B.Objective. C.Favorable. D.Ambiguous.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FasterNonsense:AICouldAlsoGoWrong B.ImperfectModels:HowWillAIMakeAdvances?C.TheRiseofLLMs:AICouldStillBePromising D.BiggerThreats:AIWillBeUncontrollable【03】（24-25高三上·福建龍巖·期中）Adrenaline(腎上腺素),alsoknownasepinephrine,isatypeofhormonethatisreleasedwheneverapersonexperiencesfear,anxiety,orstress.Infact,assoonasyourbrainsensesdanger,ittellsyourbodytostartmakingadrenaline.Thehormonemovesthroughyourbloodstreamquicklyandjumpsintoactionbybindingitselftomoleculescalledadrenoceptors,whichcanbefoundincellsinalmosteveryorgan.Whenalargeamountofthechemicalisproducedallatonce—morethan10timeshigherthanwhenyou’recalm—it’scalledanadrenalinerush.Thatfloodhaslotsofnoticeableeffects,andeachoneisintendedtoprotectyouinadangeroussituation.Yourpupils(瞳孔)willwidentoletmorelightintoyoureyessothatyoucanseemoreofyoursurroundings.Yourbrainbeginstoworkfastertodrawupaplan.Yourheartbeatsmorerapidlyandpumpsextrabloodtoyourmuscles,alsodeliveringanincreaseofoxygenfromyourlungs.Alloftheseeffectsaccumulateintonervous,anxiousfeelings.That’swhyitmightseemasifyourheadisspinning,yourthoughtsareracing,oryourheartisbeatingoutofyourchest.Despitewhatsuperherostoriesmighttellyou,there’snotmuchevidencethatthehormonegivesyouextrastrength.Instead,expertsthinkthatgreatachievements-likeaparentliftingacaroffatrappedkid-happenwhensomekindofpsychologicalswitchgetsflipped(按動).Thatis,unlessyou’reunderseriouspressure,youmightunderestimatewhatyourbodyisreallycapableof.Ingeneral,adrenalinerusheshavepreparedanimalsforstressfulsituationsformillionsofyears.Theglands(腺)thatproducethestimulatingchemicalarefoundinanyspecieswithabackbone.Evendinosaurslikelyhadthestimulatingstuffpumpingthroughtheirveins(靜脈).EarlypeoplelikeHomoerectusandHomohabilisprobablyfeltfearandnervousnessastheywanderedthroughtheprehistoricjungles.Whenapopquizmakesyousweatytoday,youfeelthesametensionthathelpedyourancestors10,000generationsagodefeatfiercelions.1.Whatcanbelearnedconcerningan“adrenalinerush”?A.Itcontrolsthelevelofthehormone.B.Itmakespassivefeelingsdisappear.C.Itleadshumanstofeelenergetic.D.Itresultsfromastressfulsituation.2.Howisparagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byexplainingconcepts. B.Byprovidingexactdata.C.Bydescribingdetails. D.Bymakingcomparisons.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Adrenalinegivesextrastrengthlikeinsuperherotales.B.Greatachievementsareduetopsychologicalswitch,notadrenaline.C.Aparentliftingacaroffatrappedchildisimpossiblewithoutadrenaline.D.Adrenalinerusheshaveonlybeenimportantforanimalsrecently.4.What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheroleof“adrenalinerushes”?A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.【04】（24-25高三上·甘肅·期中）Duringherworkwithgreysquirrels,LuciaJacobswroteanarticletothejournalNaturalHistory,describinghowsquirrelscache(貯藏):Thesquirrelsperformedperfectlyfromthefirstday.IwasabsorbedasIobservedoneofthesetinysquirrelspickupahazelnutforthefirsttime,searchintentlyforasuitableburyingsite,andthen,withgreatinterest,digahole,bothpawsflying,thenutfirmlyclenchedbetweentinyteeth,withalltheapparentconfidenceandsuccessofaparksquirrelburyingitsmillionthpeanut.Cachingisaveryimportantaspectofsquirrellife.Cachesfallbroadlyintotwocategories:youcanputallyoureggsinonebasket,sotospeak,whichwecalllardercaching;oryoucanscatteryourvaluablesallovertheplace,whichisscattercaching.Lardercachingislesseffortbecauseeverythingisinoneplaceandyoucaneasilyseehowmuchyouhaveleft.Theproblem,however,isthatifyourcacheisdiscoveredbysomeoneelse,theycantakeeverythingandleaveyouwithnothing.Scattercachingmakesitlesslikelythatyou’dloseeverything,butrequiresmoreefforttofindsuitablespots,digallthoseholesand,moreimportantly,rememberwhereyou’veputeverything.HaveyoueverbeendoingthespringcleaningandfoundaChristmaspresentyou’dhiddenforoneofthekids?Redandgreysquirrelsscattercachesand,giventhatagreysquirrelmaycachesome3,000nutsduringaseason,rememberingwheretheyallarewhenthey’respreadthroughoutthewoodlandisnomeanfeat.Someearlyworksuggestedthatsquirrelsmaynotbetoobotheredaboutwheretheycachedbecausetheirneighbourswerefamilymembersandtheythereforesharedeachother’scaches.Thisistheso-called“CommualCacheTheory”.Morerecently,however,LuciaJacobsinvestigatedthisandfoundthatneighboursweren’tnecessarilyrelativesandthatsquirrelsmovednutstowardthecenteroftheirterritories,groupedtheircaches,buriednutsfurtherfromtheirsourcewhencompetitorswerearoundandaggressivelydefendedcachesfromwould-bethieves.Inotherwords,itwaseverysquirrelforitself.2.WhatimpressedJacobsmostwhileobservingtinysquirrels?A.Theirnaturalabilitytocache. B.Theirstrangeeatingbehavior.C.Theirhugeamountsofcaches. D.Theirwayofselectingcaches.3.Whichisconsideredadisadvantageof“scattercaching”?A.Thecacheswon’tlastlongenough. B.Ittakesmuchefforttodigabiggerspot.C.Someofthespotsarenowheretobefound. D.Thecachesareeasilyfoundbycompetitors.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“nomeanfeat”inparagraph4mean?A.Arareoccurence. B.Agreatachievement. C.Aseriousproblem. D.Acommonphenomenon.5.WhatisJacobs’sattitudetothe“CommunalCacheTheory“?A.Favorable. B.Unclear. C.Uninterested. D.Disapproving.【05】（24-25高三上·河南安陽·階段練習）Thesportoftennishasaproblemwithwastethatmanyplayersdonotevenrecognizeeachtimetheyopenanewcontainerofgameballs.Majorprofessionaltenniscompetitionsgothroughnearly100,000ballsduringtwoweeksofplay.Almostallofthe330millionballsproducedeachyearendupinwasteasgarbageinlandfills.Oncethere,itcantakeaslongas400yearsfortheballstobreakdown.Tennisisincrediblyenvironmentally-destructivebecausetheballsarenotrecyclable.Theballs’outersoftlayer,calledthefelt(毛氈),isstronglyattachedtoasoftcenter.Thefeltisacombinationofwoolandnylonwhichcannotberecycled.Inaddition,thecenteroftop-levelballsismadewithrubberfromrubbertrees.Rubberharvestingmenacesforestsandbiodiversity.Oncetheballsareproduced,theyarepackagedinthickplasticoraluminumcontainerswithametallidandaplasticcap.Companieswillintentionallyusenon-recyclableplasticbecausetherecyclablekindwillleakpressure.Aftertheballshavebeenproducedandpackaged,theywillgetshippedallaroundtheworld.Thisseriesofeventswillrelease1.2poundsofcarbonemissionsperball.TheInternationalTennisFederation(ITF)isagoverningbodyofprofessionaltennis.LastyeartheITFbroughttogetherproducers,tennisofficialsandrecyclerstobeginworkingonthetennisballissue,lookingforsolutions.Andsomestepshavebeentakentoreduceandreuseballs.Currently,professionalplayerschangetoanewsetofballsafterthefirstsevengamesandthenaftereveryninegames.Individualusedballssometimesbecomeplaythingsfordogsorarereusedinothersmallways.Hugenumbersofusedballscanalsobecrushed(碾壓)topiecesforuseasbuildingmaterial,likeflooring.However,itisalongwaytogotoenjoyanenvironment-friendlytennismatch.1.Whyarethefiguresofballslistedinparagraph1?A.Tostresstheirharmtotheenvironment.B.Tostatedisapprovalofthesportrules.C.Toindicatehowpopulartennisis.D.Tosuggestavoidingplayingtennis.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“menaces”inparagraph2mean?A.Threatens. B.Enriches. C.Benefits. D.Removes.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Plansmadeforthefuture.B.Effortstakentosolvetheproblem.C.Organizationsfoundedtoworkontheissue.D.Resolutionsadoptedtoimprovethequality.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureuseofeco-friendlytennisballs?A.Doubtful. B.Dismissive. C.Objective. D.Unclear.【06】（24-25高三上·湖北·階段練習）WhenMammolaandFicetolawenttoanecologyconferencein2021,theymetascientistwithanunusualcomplaint.JenniferAnderson,anexpertinaquaticfungi(水生真菌),saidthatthesubjectofherresearchwasnotavailableinemoji(表情符號)form.“Ifyouaredoingtheimportantworkoftryingtosavewhales,youcanusepicturesorimagestohelpyoucommunicatethis,”saidAnderson.“Ifyouareworkingtosavetheaquaticfungi,youfirstmustletpeopleknowthattheyexist,andthendescribeinwordswhattheylooklike.”StruckbytheirconversationwithAndersonandalarmedathowunusualspecieswereignored,theItalianscientistssetouttofindouthowwellspecieswererepresentedintheemojilibrary.Theanswerwasn’tsatisfactoryatall:animalswerewellrepresentedbyavailableemojisbutplants,fungiandmicroorganisms(微生物)werenot.“Ourfindingsconfirmatypicalprejudiceinbiodiversityresearchandafeatureofhumanpsychology,”saidMammola.“Weusuallyfeelmorecaringandsympathetictowardslivingthingsthataregeneticallyclosertous.”“Agoodrepresentationofspeciesonsocialmediacanarouseinterestinunfamiliarorganisms,greatlyhelppublicizethemessagethatbiodiversityismuchmorethanjustcats,dogs,lionsandpandas,andindirectlyhelpconservationefforts,”saidMammola.“Thereareanimpressivenumberoforganisms,andallofthemplayafundamentalroleonourplanet,eventheonesweknowlessabout.”Somescientistshavetakenstepstodescribetheirresearchontheirphonekeyboardswithimagesinsteadofwords.However,accordingtoMammola,thenumberofanimalspeciesrepresentedrosefrom45in2015to92in2022,yetthenumberofplants,fungiandmicroorganismsrepresentedbarelyincreased.Andersonsaidshewantedemojisfororganismslikeaquaticfungiasreflectionsofincreasedpublicawarenessandindicatorsoftheirecologicalvalue.“Havinganemojiindicatesthatanorganismisvaluedorimportantenoughtobepartofdailyconversation,”shesaid.1.WhatdidAndersoncomplainabout?A.Lackofavailableemojisforaquaticfungi.B.People’sdisinterestinstudyingaquaticfungi.C.People’sunwillingnesstosaveaquaticfungi.D.Difficultyindescribingaquaticfungiinwords..Whyareanimalspeciesbetterrepresentedthanotherspecies?A.Theyaremorecommonspecies. B.Theymattermoretobiodiversity.C.Theyencouragehumansympathy. D.Theyhelpremovehumanprejudice.3.Whatisthebenefitofagoodrepresentationofspeciesonsocialmedia?A.Facilitatingcommunicationbetweenscientists.B.Makingbiodiversityresearchmoresatisfactory.C.Deepeningpeople’sunderstandingofbiodiversity.D.Helpingpeoplegraspcomplexconceptsofscience.4.WhatisMammola’sattitudetowardtheprogressofemojibiodiversity?A.Unclear. B.Unsatisfied. C.Doubtful. D.Hopeful.【07】（24-25高三上·重慶·期中）ThecityofAntwerpinBelgiumisencouragingpeopletotryoutgardeninginaveryunusualway.IfyouridetheNO.1tram(電車),youmayhavegottenaglimpseofarollingurbangardengoingdownthetracks.That’sbecausetheinsideofoneofthetramswasturnedintoagardencompletewithplantshangingfromtheceilingsandwalls.ThedecorativetramoperatedforadayinearlyJune2023asawaytoinspirepeopletomaketheircitygreener.Afterall,ifa35-meter-longtramcanbecomeaforestinside,socanordinarypeople’shomes.ThetramwaspartoftheNeighborhoodInBloominitiativethatoffersresidents—withgreenthumbs—facade(建筑物正面)gardens,plants,andgarlands(花環(huán))tohangbetweenhomes.Thefacadegardenscanhangbetweenhousesacrossthestreetfromoneanother.Thedistrictisresponsibleforcreatingthegardens,whiletheresidentsareresponsibleforthecareandfeedingofthegarden.ThisispartoftheneweditionofNeighborhoodinBloom.Sincetheinitiativebeganin2022,morethan200facadegreens,170sectionsofnewtrees,andover100greengarlandswerecreated.Urbangardensdomorethanjustbeautifyacity.Plantsandtreescanhelptocoolcitiesandmitigateurbanheatislandeffectsaswellashelptocleantheair.Theyalsogiveahometonestingbirds,squirrelsandbeneficialinsects.Greenspacesarealsoverygoodforpeople’swellbeing.Spendingtimeinnaturecanhelpliftyourmood,reducestress,improvesleep,andpromotephysicalandmentalhealth.CreatingyourownurbangreenspaceiseasythankstoinitiativeslikeNeighborhoodinBloom.So,ifyouhaveagreenthumb,plantagardenandenjoyallthebenefitsthatanurbangardenhastooffer.1.WhydidAntwerpturnatramintoagarden?A.Tosellmoreplants. B.Toattractmorevisitors.C.Tobeautifythetracks. D.Togetpeopletogarden.2.Whatisthepublic’sattitudetowardstheNeighborhoodinBloominitiative?A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Intolerant. D.Unclear.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inparagraph5mean?A.Increase. B.Create. C.Reduce. D.Investigate.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Antwerp’sinitiativetogreenurbanareas. B.Antwerp’snationalgardeningmonth.C.Atemporarytramturnedintoaforest. D.Thebenefitsofurbangardensforhealth.【08】（24-25高三上·河北滄州·階段練習）Thesmallhobbyofchocolateisbecomingamorecostlyone.Rapidlyincreasingpricesforcocoabeansrecentlyhitarecord$12,000atonne:roughlyfourtimeslastyear’sprice.Manythinktheywillgohigher.Thatmayputsmallspecialistproducersoutofbusiness.Yetitisbringinglittlerewardtostrugglinggrowers.TheimmediatecauseisabadharvestinWestAfrica—whichproduces70%oftheworld’sbeans—reflectingElNi?o-linkedweatherpatternsanddisease.MajorprocessingplantsinGhanaandIvoryCoast,themaingrowers,havestoppedorreducedoperationsbecausetheycannotaffordthebeans.Butunderlyingthecrisisarelonger-termissuesincludingtheclimatecrisisandtheinabilityoffarmerstoinvestinproductionduetotheirlowincomes.ManyWestAfricangrowersarebeingforcedoutofthebusinessafteryearsofpunishinglylowreturnsfortheirworkand—astreescometotheendoftheirlifecycle—oftensellinglandtogoldminers,resultinginsevereenvironmentaldegradation(惡化).LatinAmericanfarmersarerushingtoplantcocoaduetothehigherprices,abandoningothercropsanddeforestingnewareas.Butthelikelihood,ifproductionboomsandthesystemdoesnotchange,isthatbythetimetheirnewtreesbearfruit,pricesmaybefallingagain.Asseriousasthesituationlooks,theattentiondemandedbytherocketingpriceofcocoa,andtheintroductionofEUDeforestationRegulationofferanopportunity.Facedwithglobalheating,increasingconflictandenergypriceinstability,dependingonthefreemarketisapoorbet.Treatingfoodissuesasfinancialinstrumentshurtsfarmers,destroysforestsandworsenstheinstabilityofsupply.Thesolutioninthiscaseisacommitmenttostableminimumpricesforcocoafarmersandlong-termcontracts.Thiswouldhelptoliftgrowersoutofpovertyand,indoingso,tackleotherproblems.Sustainableproductionisessential,andwillevenbenefitconsumersinthelongrun.Itcan’tbeachievedbylettingthefreemarketrunitscourse.1.Whatmightbetheconsequenceofrisingcocoaprices?A.Somesmallproducerswillfail. B.Cocoafarmerswillbenefitgreatly.C.Fewerpeoplewilleatchocolate. D.Cocoaproductionwillincrease.2.WhatwillhappenifmoreLatinAmericanfarmersplantcocoa?A.Othercropswillboostproduction. B.Cocoapriceswillgodown.C.Theenvironmentwillbeimproved. D.Oldcocoatreeswillbeabandoned.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefreemarketapproachtococoaproblems?A.Defensive. B.Concerned. C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinordertosolvethecocoaproblem?A.Allowingthefreemarkettowork. B.Givingcocoafarmersmorefreedom.C.Helpingcocoagrowersoutofpoverty. D.Promisingasteadyguaranteedprice.【09】（2024·廣東湛江·模擬預測）Arevolutioninweatherforecastingcouldsoonseewarningsofcomingheatwaves,stormsorotherextremeeventsaccompaniedbyspecificinformationontheroleclimatechangehasplayedinfuellingthem.Theshiftwouldhelpbringtherealityofourwarmingplanettothegeneralpublic.Keytothisideaisthegrowingfieldofattributionscience(歸因科學),whichinvolvesexaminingextremeweathereventsafterthefacttodetailtheimpactofclimatechange.Itinvolvessimulatinganeventtwice,underreal-worldconditionsandinafictionalworldwithnohuman-causedclimatechange.Thedifferencebetweenthosetwosituationsrevealstheextenttowhichrisingemissions(排放)mademattersworse.Now,researcherswanttogofurtherandapplyattributionsciencetoeventsbeforetheyevenhappen.AttheUKweatherservice,theMetOffice,PeterStottandhiscolleaguesaredoingthiswithweatherforecastingmodels,comparingreal-worldforecastswithonesbasedonafictionalworldunaffectedbyhumaninfluence.Thegoalistoprovidethepublicwithweatherandclimateinformationatthesametime.“So,theforecastshowshowtheweatherinformationrelatestoclimatechange,andtheimpactsitwillmeanforthemlocally.”BernatattheInstituteofGeoSciencesinSpainhasexperimentedwithadifferentapproach,usingartificialintelligence-poweredweatherforecasts.Togetherwithcolleagues,herantheAI-enabledapproachonthreepastextremeevents:the2018Iberianheatwave,HurricaneFlorenceintheUSin2018,andStormCiaranintheUKandotherpartsofnorthernEuropein2023.TheAImodelscorrectlypredictedthatallthreeextremeeventswouldoccur,butunderestimatedtheirsize.BematsaystheAIapproachiscurrentlymostaccuratewhenconsideringheatwavesbutmorelimitedforcomplexsyste