決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說(shuō)明文-物品說(shuō)明類3 精講課件（強(qiáng)化篇）

(高中說(shuō)明文)物品說(shuō)明類3決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運(yùn)用說(shuō)明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會(huì)使用“脫衣服”大法分析長(zhǎng)難句。積累與物品說(shuō)明類說(shuō)明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。真題講解示例22018北京卷PART3123（2018年北京卷）題目見(jiàn)講義Plastic-EatingWorms①Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.②ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.③FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”④JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?⑤Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”摘要一般特殊型

說(shuō)明文引言正文總結(jié)Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear,andanewstudyshowedthatthewormsofgreaterwaxmothcansolveit.Thewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.Althoughresearchersfindtheworm’sspeedofbreakingdownpolyethyleneisexciting,theyarenotsurewhetherthefunctionisanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes.Bertocchinihopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.7.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?8.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,

thenextstepofthestudyisto_______.快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對(duì)應(yīng)的題目。Left100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,

thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,

oralmost3%ofit.

MindMap2018年北京B篇說(shuō)明對(duì)象對(duì)象描述研發(fā)原理Tosolvetheproblemofhumans’producingmorethan

300milliontonsplasticeveryyear,scientistsusewormstobreakdowntheplastics.Theworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.研究前景Howtoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown—Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes？Chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdownbuttheenzymesfromtheworm’sstomach.

Bertocchinihopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfillsratherthanthrowingwormsonplastics.9.

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight

_____________.

10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.7題目速覽細(xì)節(jié)理解題AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto______.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed8Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight________.

A.helptoraiseworms B.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture9Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.10細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題寫(xiě)作意圖題Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題7STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位研發(fā)原理Theworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax-alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.③FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”

breakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義替換答案指向句分析參考譯文FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.FedericaBertocchini

saystheworms’ability

tobreakdowntheireverydayfood.這個(gè)研究的另一作者FedericaBertocchini表示，這種蠕蟲(chóng)對(duì)他們的日常食物—蜂蠟進(jìn)行分解的能力，也能讓它們分解大量塑料。co-authorofthestudyFedericaBertocchini的同位語(yǔ)12beeswax對(duì)everydayfood進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic對(duì)beeswax進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明1233AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto_______.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題8STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位研發(fā)前景Bertocchinihopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfillsratherthanthrowingwormsonplastics.④JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?

JenniferDeBruyn,Thenextstop,技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義替換答案指向句分析參考譯文Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Thenextstep

willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.DeBruyn說(shuō)下一步是辨別分解的原因。這種酶是由蠕蟲(chóng)自己產(chǎn)生的還是它腸道里的微生物產(chǎn)生的？DeBruynsays賓語(yǔ)從句123Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes？or連接兩個(gè)并列句123答案指向句分析參考譯文Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”sheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess但她希望這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)將來(lái)能夠在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中使用，而不是僅僅“把蠕蟲(chóng)扔在塑料上”。but連接詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折12notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的解釋說(shuō)明12Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）寫(xiě)作意圖題9STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位說(shuō)明對(duì)象Tosolvetheproblemofhumans’producingmorethan300milliontonsplasticeveryyear,scientistsusewormstobreakdowntheplastics.①Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.②ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.技巧點(diǎn)撥：寫(xiě)作意圖題尋找中心句，通常位于首段或尾段且but后一般設(shè)考點(diǎn)②ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.答案指向句分析參考譯文Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms到目前為止沒(méi)有一種有效的方法能擺脫它，但是一個(gè)新的研究表明答案可能在某種饑餓的蟲(chóng)子的胃里。Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofitbut后是重點(diǎn)11Left100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.回顧2018年北京B篇說(shuō)明對(duì)象對(duì)象描述研發(fā)原理Tosolvetheproblemofhumans’producingmorethan300milliontonsplasticeveryyear,scientistsusewormstobreakdowntheplastics.Theworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.研究前景Howtoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown—Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes？Chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdownbuttheenzymesfromtheworm’sstomach.

Bertocchinihopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfillsratherthanthrowingwormsonplastics.Q7Q8Q9Q10Tip1:閱讀理解滿分還在于____________的理解。Tip2:長(zhǎng)難句分析可以采用_________________：①_________________________________________________________;②_________________________________________________________;③_________________________________________________________。Tip3:善于比較_______________________________

SUMMARY長(zhǎng)難句脫衣服大法去枝葉留主干，去掉定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)等找主干，括從句，弄懂主干漢語(yǔ)意思依次還原枝葉，得到完整句意文中長(zhǎng)難句與選項(xiàng)的關(guān)系詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.7③FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,

saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.

“Waxisacomplexmixture,

butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,

thecarbon-carbonbond,

isthereaswell,”

sheexplains.

“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”breakdown詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto__A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed8④JenniferDeBruyn,

amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,

whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,

saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene

Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,

shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.

Thenextstep,

DeBruynsays,

willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.

Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?cause

identify詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight___A.helptoraiseworms B.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceans D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture9⑤Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.

Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”employindustrialprocess詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.10①Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.②ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcan