2025屆高考英語二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)專題5定語從句

②Ihavethreecars,butnoneof____________isingoodcondition.答案：them【必備學(xué)問點】關(guān)系詞列表關(guān)系代詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謙hat指人或物主語、賓語、表語which指物主語、賓語、表語who指人主語、賓語whom指人賓語whose指人或物定語as指物主語、賓語、表語關(guān)系副詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hen時間時間狀語where地點或抽象名詞地點狀語whyreason緣由狀語只能用that而不能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的狀況a)在不定代詞,如：anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which.例:Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.b)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thejust修飾時,只用that.Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(thelast)、形容詞最高級時,只用that.ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas"ThePrinceandthePauper"byMarkTwin.d)先行詞既有人,又有物時.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.e)當(dāng)主句是以who或which起先的特殊疑問句時,用that以避開重復(fù).Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.只能用which而不能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的狀況在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用whichTheactressalwaysshowsoff,whichnodoubtmakesotheractressesunhappy.b)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時，只用whichThisistheroominwhichhelives.c)先行詞為that時，只用whichWhat’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?關(guān)系代詞which與asas引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在句中的位置比較敏捷，可以放在句首、句中和句末；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在先行詞的后面。例：Asweknow,ChinaisfamousforitsFourGreatInventions./China,asweknow,isfamousforitsFourGreatInventions./ChinaisfamousforitsFourGreatInventions,asweknow.b)as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)。如：asisknown,aswassaid,asisreported等。假如從句中的行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語。例：Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.【特殊提示】as常用在下列習(xí)慣用語中：aseverybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣asoftenhappens正如常常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所說的那樣asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的asisoftenthecase狀況往往是這樣關(guān)系副詞where的特殊用法where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，先行詞除了可以是表示詳細(xì)地點的名詞外，還可以是表示抽象地點的名詞（如job,situation,condition,point,case,atmosphere,activity）【鞏固練習(xí)·高考真題】SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,__________livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencethedevelopmentofchopsticks.Key:whoIlivednextdoortoacouple__________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.Key:whoseManyyoungpeople,mostof__________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment________theylive.Key:whereSomeexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon__________schooleducationdepends.Key:whichOppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.Key:whereThenumberofsmokers,__________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.Key:asTheboosonthedesk,__________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.Key:whoseHewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof__________werepublishedinte1990s.Key:whichManycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.Key:whereChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.Keys:whichButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterallowedto…Key:whenTheexactyear__________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.Key:thatThebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork________agoodimpressionisamust.Key:whereIamlookingforwardtotheday________mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.Pleasesendusalltheinformation__________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.Key:whenThebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose________liveswereaffected.Key:whoseThereisnosimpleanswer,________isoftenthecaseinscience.Key:asIwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.Key:whose【改錯】ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.___________Keys:what→which/thatThebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.Key:when完形填空ich閱讀下列短文,駕馭其大意,從各題所給的A.B.C.D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall___1___placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant__2___somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe__3__ofseeingthisfirsthandona___4___.Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso__5___atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome__6___experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams__7___trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her__8___didnotgetoneseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I__9___seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,__10___stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe__11__betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey__12__fortheirSundaygame,theywere__13__different.Theyhadbegunintegrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad__14__thedaybeforeintotheir__15__.Theyplayedaggressivelyand__16__scoredagoal.It__17__methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat__18__momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.__19__isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearnedmaynotbe__20__whattheywouldhavegotteninschool,butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.1.A.public B.traditional C.official D.special2.A.passes B.works C.lies D.ends3.A.dream B.idea C.habit D.chance4.A.trip B.holiday C.weekend D.square5.A.won B.entered C.organized D.watched6.A.painful B.strange C.common D.practical7.A.less B.poorly C.newly D.better8.A.fans B.tutors C.class D.team 9.A.imagined B.hated C.avoided D.missed10.A.if B.or C.but D.as11.A.girls B.parents C.coaches D.viewers12.A.dressed B.showedup C.madeup D.planned13.A.slightly B.hardly C.basically D.completely14.A.seen B.known C.heard D.read15.A.styles B.training C.game D.rules16.A.even B.still C.seldom D.again17.A.confused B.struck C.reminded D.warned18.A.touching B.thinking C.encouraging D.learning19.A.Experience B.Independence C.Curiosity D.Interest20.A.harmfulto B.mixedwith C.differentfrom D.appliedto生詞筆記整理：閱讀理解Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(監(jiān)控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople’se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,”saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou’refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon’twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication—e-mails,Webpostsandreviews,face-to-faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消極的),butthatdidn’tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes’website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste-mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes’readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激發(fā))onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.”1.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?Newsreports.Researchpapers.C.Privatee-mails.D.Dailyconversations．2.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They’resociallyinactive.B.They’regoodattellingstories.C.They’reinconsiderateofothers.D.They’recarefulwiththeirwords.3.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger’sresearch?A.Sportsnew.B.Sciencearticles.C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWideB.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeopleC.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimesD.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks生詞筆記整理：MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseumOurmonthlytalksstartat19:30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon’tneedtobook.Theyendaround21:00.November7thTheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofnanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducationofthatgroupofearly“civilenginerrs”.December5thIcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivaloffreezers,therewasademandforiceforfoodpreservationandcatering,Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon’sicetradegrew.February6thAnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheSmoudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopenling.TheThamesandSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstateofplay.March6thEyotsandAits-ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.TheThameshadmanyislands.Mirandahasundertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewilltellusaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.Onlinebookings:.uk/bookMoreinto:.uk/whatsonLondonCanalMuseum12-13NewWharfRoad,LondonNI9RT.ukcanalmuseum.mobiTel:020771308361.WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley?A.February6th.B.March6th.C.November7th.D.December5th.2.WhatisthetopicofthetalkinFebruary?A.TheCanalPioneers.B.IcefortheMetropolisC.EyotsandAits-ThamesIslandsD.AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals3.WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames.A.MirandaVickersB.MalcolmTuckerC.ChrisLewisD.LizPayne生詞筆記整理：七選五閱讀依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.____1___.Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.1.CuriosityYourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.2.Askkids,“Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime?”andthentrythemout.Ingredientsmakethepancakesbetter?Whatcouldwetrynexttime?2.CreativityTruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnew___3.Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity.3.PersonalskillsUnderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.Weknowwhat’sgoingoninsideourownhead,butwhataboutothers?Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.4.“Whydoyouthinkshe’scrying?”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface?”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou,howwouldyoufeel?”4.SelfExpression___5therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas–music,acting,drawing,building,photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.答案：FCADG單詞筆記整理：語法填空和短文改錯第一節(jié)語法填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Theadobedwellings(土坯房)__1(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven2mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir3(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout4（use）electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat_5___（slow）duringcoolnights，thuswarningthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough____6___(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；___7__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenightThiscycle___8___(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset（抵消）fortheoutsidetemperatures.As_