決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說(shuō)明文-現(xiàn)象解說(shuō)類1 精講課件（入門(mén)篇）

(高中說(shuō)明文)現(xiàn)象解說(shuō)1決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運(yùn)用說(shuō)明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會(huì)使用“脫衣服”大法分析長(zhǎng)難句。積累與現(xiàn)象解說(shuō)類說(shuō)明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。Ready?Go!說(shuō)明文體裁分析Part1課標(biāo)解讀事理說(shuō)明事物說(shuō)明說(shuō)明文分類歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2021年新高考I卷D篇闡述了情商的定義以及對(duì)有關(guān)于情商未來(lái)研究的期望全國(guó)甲卷B篇介紹了在PortLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的部分黑犀牛現(xiàn)狀全國(guó)乙卷C篇介紹藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人類審視和一次性塑料的關(guān)系D篇針對(duì)開(kāi)放性辦公室，一項(xiàng)研究調(diào)研多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展新高考II卷D篇介紹一種正在開(kāi)發(fā)中的，可以用于監(jiān)測(cè)放牧牛健康狀況的機(jī)器人天津卷D篇闡述了藝術(shù)這一活動(dòng)對(duì)人類的重要意義浙江卷C篇一項(xiàng)研究表明狗能夠識(shí)別人類的面部表情北京卷C篇通過(guò)百位科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者的公開(kāi)信，闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相關(guān)內(nèi)容歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年全國(guó)I卷B篇闡述了重新閱讀的意義和益處，鼓勵(lì)大家重新閱讀D篇介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開(kāi)發(fā)出的一種發(fā)光植物全國(guó)II卷B篇研究表明孩子們玩智力游戲有助于發(fā)展包括空間技能等多項(xiàng)能力C篇介紹了美國(guó)新奧良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時(shí)裝秀中展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣全國(guó)III卷D篇通過(guò)引用最近的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡述人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，也發(fā)生在最近的幾千年間北京卷B篇介紹世界上第一條佩戴污染檢測(cè)器記錄地面附近的污染物水平的狗江蘇卷B篇講述了一度停用的電話亭在英國(guó)重新流行起來(lái)C篇研究表明對(duì)于那些能忍受的人來(lái)說(shuō)，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對(duì)健康更有益年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研發(fā)電動(dòng)飛機(jī)天津卷(7月)C篇介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的3種全新應(yīng)用浙江卷C篇《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布一則研究顯示，做挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能幫助衰老人群保持大腦的敏銳成都診斷模擬題科學(xué)家的研究表明2歲及其以前的幼年記憶并不可信高密模擬模擬題一項(xiàng)研究表明定期打網(wǎng)球有助于延長(zhǎng)壽命2019年全國(guó)卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個(gè)人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤(pán)D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對(duì)青少年的影響歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2019年全國(guó)卷IIC篇分析美國(guó)越來(lái)越多的人喜歡獨(dú)自進(jìn)餐的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象D篇介紹了美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局為了把航天技術(shù)和學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來(lái)，而針對(duì)高中生實(shí)施的HUNCH計(jì)劃。全國(guó)卷IIID篇一位哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進(jìn)行基本的加法計(jì)算。北京卷D篇解說(shuō)由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠的現(xiàn)象。浙江卷C篇解說(shuō)并分析加利福尼亞州從90年代以來(lái)大樹(shù)不斷消失的現(xiàn)象和背后的重要原因2018年全國(guó)卷IB篇介紹了一檔英國(guó)電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費(fèi)以及如何以較少的預(yù)算做出美味佳肴C篇講述了隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展人類語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越少的現(xiàn)象及其原因D篇紐約羅徹斯特理工學(xué)院的研究表明，新電子設(shè)備的環(huán)境能耗比舊設(shè)備更低，是更經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的選擇歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2018年全國(guó)卷IIB篇介紹了7月份各種營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，并包含對(duì)人體有益的微量元素的熱帶水果北京卷C篇介紹了一種吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的蟲(chóng)子大蠟螟天津卷C篇介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物的應(yīng)用上取得的進(jìn)展和遇到的挑戰(zhàn)2017年全國(guó)卷IIC篇Terrafugia公司研制出飛行汽車(chē)并成功進(jìn)行了第一次飛行D篇介紹了植物在受到昆蟲(chóng)的攻擊時(shí)是如何進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)的,北京卷C篇已經(jīng)被疫苗消滅的麻疹近日有回歸的趨勢(shì)全國(guó)卷ID篇介紹了一種自己可以親手制作簡(jiǎn)易太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器的方法2014年全國(guó)卷ID篇為了拯救因?yàn)闉l臨滅絕的小眾語(yǔ)言，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家展開(kāi)了記錄拯救工作歷年數(shù)據(jù)123說(shuō)明對(duì)象事物說(shuō)明事理說(shuō)明語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明順序說(shuō)明方法一般-特殊型問(wèn)題-解決型匹配-比較型時(shí)間空間邏輯舉例、比較、分類、引用、數(shù)字、定義、表格、圖示…12341事物事理說(shuō)明文往往為了說(shuō)清楚某個(gè)事物或事理是什么、為什么、怎么樣，通常在標(biāo)題或首段直接指出說(shuō)明對(duì)象。說(shuō)明文圍繞所說(shuō)事物/事理，采用多種說(shuō)明方法客觀闡明，因而高頻詞會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，閱讀過(guò)程中把握高頻詞也能準(zhǔn)確找出說(shuō)明對(duì)象，提取核心信息。名師指路2(2019北京卷D)尋找高頻詞①Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.②Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)

intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.(2019北京卷D)④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”

shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”⑤Andwhydoesthatmatter?

Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,

Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,

“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”連詞成句，得到說(shuō)明對(duì)象高頻詞：ocean

colourclimate

changesphytoplanktonClimatechangesaffect

thegrowthofphytoplankton

whichcanchangetheoceancolor.(2018全國(guó)卷I

C)方法2：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句

①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

②

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,

trade,

industrialisation,

thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句Languages

havebeenlesscomingandmoregoing

inrecenttimes.事理說(shuō)明文本文屬于現(xiàn)象解說(shuō)類說(shuō)明文3(2019北京卷D)①Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.②Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)

intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.(2019北京卷D)④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”⑤Andwhydoesthatmatter?

Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,

Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,

“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”2019北京卷D說(shuō)明對(duì)象現(xiàn)象成因現(xiàn)象描述現(xiàn)象影響(2018全國(guó)卷1C)①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

②

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,

trade,

industrialisation,

thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.③

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2,400;

andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,

ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber

(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,

whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

④

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),

withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.

Pick,

atrandom,

BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),

ChiapanecoinMexico(150),

LipanApacheintheUnitedStates

(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia

(one,withaquestion-mark):

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.2018全國(guó)卷1C說(shuō)明對(duì)象現(xiàn)象描述現(xiàn)象影響Expositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandabletothereaders,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常見(jiàn)的邏輯順序有：從原因到結(jié)果，從主要到次要，從整體到部分，從概括到具體，從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等。名師指路3(2019北京卷D)①…②Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)

intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.(2019北京卷D)④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”(2019北京卷D)⑤Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,

Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,

“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”本文是事理說(shuō)明文，介紹了全球氣候變化對(duì)海洋顏色的影響。作者通過(guò)打比方、引資料、作比較等說(shuō)明方法，介紹了現(xiàn)象、現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其影響。充分說(shuō)明了氣候變化對(duì)海洋顏色的影響。即說(shuō)明對(duì)象:Climatechangesaffectthegrowthofphytoplanktongrowthwhichcanchangetheoceancolor.名師指路總結(jié)：說(shuō)明文的說(shuō)明方法服務(wù)于說(shuō)明對(duì)象。2018年全國(guó)卷I

C

①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

②

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,

trade,

industrialisation,

thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.2018年全國(guó)卷I

C

③

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2,400;

andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,

ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,

whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

④

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),

withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.

Pick,

atrandom,

BusuuinCameroon

(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates

(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia

(one,

withaquestion-mark):

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.本文是事理說(shuō)明文，主要講述了隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展，新出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越少，而消失的語(yǔ)言越來(lái)愈多。作者通過(guò)列數(shù)字、舉例子、引資料、作比較等說(shuō)明方法，進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)象描述、分析了現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其影響，全面闡釋人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展，對(duì)語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的影響。即說(shuō)明對(duì)象：Languageshavebeenlesscomingandmoregoinginrecenttimes.名師指路What'sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：事理類說(shuō)明文的說(shuō)明對(duì)象。通常也是主旨句，呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨。PART2真題講解示例12019北京卷D123Watch

the

videoWhatimpactdoesglobalwarminghaveonourlives？2019北京卷D題目見(jiàn)講義①Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.②Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.2019北京卷D題目見(jiàn)講義④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”⑤Andwhydoesthatmatter?

Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,

Dutkiewiczsaid,"itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive."Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It‘llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,

“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”Althoughcolorchangestheoceanexperienceswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,theycouldmeansignificantchanges.摘要一般特殊型

說(shuō)明文引言正文總結(jié)Theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate.Attheheartofthephenomenonliephytoplankton

which

can

createcolorfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Phytoplanktonwhich

pullcarbondioxideintotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen,arevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.StephanieDutkiewicz

builtaclimatemodelwhichprojects

changes

to

the

oceans.1.

Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?

Asthebaseofthefoodweb,ifphytoplanktondisappear,theywillchangethetypeoffishandaffectthefoodchain.快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對(duì)應(yīng)的題目。MindMap2019年北京卷D現(xiàn)象描述（what）Aclimatemodelshowsclimateimprovequantitiesofphytoplanktonchangethe

typeofphytoplankton現(xiàn)象原因（why）Relationshipofclimate,phytoplankton

andoceancolorclimate———phytoplankton

————oceancolourLivingenvironment

andhabitsofphytoplanktonchangeeffectpullCO?

giving

off

O?ocean’swarmingtrendvulnerablePhytoplankton說(shuō)明對(duì)象Climatechangesaffectthegrowthofphytoplanktonwhichcanchangetheoceancolor.現(xiàn)象影響（effect）

theeffectofPhytoplankton’schange

thechangesofoceancolorchangethetypeoffish;affectthefoodchainwarning

signals3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

題目速覽Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.1段落主旨題Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?

Sensitive.Beneficial.Significant.Unnoticeable.

2Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

3Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

4詞義猜測(cè)題細(xì)節(jié)理解題寫(xiě)作意圖題Climate——phytoplankton

———oceancolourClimatechangesaffectthegrowthofphytoplanktonwhichcanchangetheoceancolor.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.1拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）段落主旨題STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位段落主題句colourcause①

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.②

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.bluerandgreenerthanks

toleadingtotheocean’s技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義替換

&概括歸納appearance語(yǔ)法譯主干加枝葉根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新研究表明，如果時(shí)間不再提前的話，到本世紀(jì)末，受氣候變暖的影響，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)或更綠。答案指向句分析step1:去枝葉，找主干thanksto幸虧，歸因于海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)或更綠。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.step2:添加枝葉（定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)），補(bǔ)全句意答案指向句分析參考譯文Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowth氣候變暖會(huì)促進(jìn)一些地區(qū)浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)減少其他地區(qū)浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致海洋表面的變化。insomeareas狀語(yǔ)ofphytoplankton定語(yǔ)whilereducingitinotherspots狀語(yǔ)從句的省略leadingtochanges狀語(yǔ)intheocean’sappearance.定語(yǔ)235643245611

Whatdoestheunderlinedword

“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.CSignificant. D.Unnoticeable.拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）詞義猜測(cè)題1STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位現(xiàn)象原因vulnerableocean’swarmingtrendPhytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.affect技巧點(diǎn)撥：上下文的邏輯關(guān)系答案指向句分析參考譯文海水變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，能影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儾粌H需要陽(yáng)光和二氧化碳，也需要營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。oftheoceanWarmingchangeskeycharacteristics2and連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)andcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth111123sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.3原因狀語(yǔ)Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.定語(yǔ)拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題3STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

題干定位現(xiàn)象原因

現(xiàn)象描述STEP2：定位信息段appear

greenermorephytoplanktonturn

greenerclimatechangethetypeofphytoplankton③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義替換STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）寫(xiě)作意圖題4STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位現(xiàn)象影響STEP2：定位信息段Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

theeffectofPhytoplankton’schangethechangesofoceancolor⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”wecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbutthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsbecauseofclimatechange技巧點(diǎn)撥：歸納概括MindMap2019年北京卷D現(xiàn)象描述（what）Aclimatemodelshowsclimateimprovequantitiesofphytoplanktonchangethe

typeofphytoplankton現(xiàn)象原因（why）Relationshipofclimate,phytoplankton

andoceancolorclimate———phytoplankton

————oceancolourLivingenvironment

andhabitsofphytoplanktonchangeeffectpullCO?

giving

off

O?ocean’swarmingtrendvulnerablePhytoplankton說(shuō)明對(duì)象Climatechangesaffectthegrowthofphytoplanktonwhichcanchangetheoceancolor.現(xiàn)象影響（effect）

theeffectofPhytoplankton’schange

thechangesofoceancolorchangethetypeoffish;affectthefoodchainwarning

signalsQ1Q2Q3Q4Tip1:說(shuō)明文段落主旨題常與_____________有關(guān)。段落主題句常出現(xiàn)在_____________。Tip2:注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。Tip3:說(shuō)明文主旨題正確選項(xiàng)特征_____________________Tip4:段落主旨題錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特征：①____________________________________;

②____________________________________。段落主旨題段落主題句段首或段尾僅為文本的細(xì)節(jié)信息段落部分內(nèi)容的概括，存在片面性同義復(fù)現(xiàn)/概括呈現(xiàn)Tip1:說(shuō)明文詞義猜測(cè)題的特點(diǎn)

____________________________________________________;Tip2:說(shuō)明文詞義猜測(cè)題的破解三步走①_________________________________________________;②__________________________________________________;③__________________________________________________。詞義猜測(cè)題定位目標(biāo)詞匯文章生詞處命題，要求猜測(cè)可以替換文中詞匯的詞語(yǔ)判斷周?chē)渥釉谡Z(yǔ)境中形成的邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，找到相關(guān)的線索詞或信息詞詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)/義場(chǎng)復(fù)現(xiàn)1①

Bytheendofthe