Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionLearningaboutlanguage課件高中英語人教版選擇性

Period2LearningAboutLanguageChangethedirectspeechintotheindirectspeechUnit3EnvironmentalProtection語法感知感知以下課文原句，補全方框下的小題(1)Anexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.(2)Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore.(3)Climatescientistshavewarnedthatifwedonottakeappropriateactions，thiswarmingtrendwillprobablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.1.英語中常用兩種方式引用別人說的話。一種是直接引述別人的原話，把它放在引號內，叫

引語；另一種是用自己的話轉述別人說的話，叫

引語。2.以上句子都是用自己的話轉述別人的話，都是

引語。直接間接間接觀察以下例句，總結直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的規(guī)則。DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechTheexpertsaid,"Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Thereporterasked,"Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?"Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.Thereporterasked,"Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?"Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.Leadin直接引語和間接引語1.基本概念（1）直接引語：直接引述別人的話，把它放在引號內，叫直接引語。（2）間接引語：用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語。【名師點津】直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等一般均要作相應的變化。2.人稱的變化（1）一隨主：直接引語中出現(xiàn)的第一人稱代詞要按照引述動詞的主語的人稱變化。Shesaid，“Iwon’tbefrustrated.”→Shesaidthatshewouldn’tbefrustrated.她說她不會沮喪的。（2）二隨賓：直接引語中出現(xiàn)的第二人稱代詞要按照引述動詞的賓語的人稱變化，若引述動詞后沒有賓語，也可用第一人稱。ItoldMary，“Wewillprotectyoufrominfection.”→ItoldMarywewouldprotectherfrominfection.我告訴瑪麗我們會保護她不受感染。（3）第三人稱不更新：直接引語出現(xiàn)的第三人稱代詞一般不需要變化。Shesaidtome，“Theywanttodecreasetheamountoffattheyeat.”→Shetoldmethattheywantedtodecreasetheamountoffattheyate.她告訴我，他們想減少脂肪的攝入量。 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱的變化遵循以下原則。句型轉換（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome,“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.sheIhimI即學即練（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.（5）“Iwillcomehereagaintoday，”shesaid.→Shesaidthat

wouldgothereagainthatday.（6）Hesaid，“Iamlivingwithmycousin.”→Hesaidthat

waslivingwith

cousin.heshehehis3.時態(tài)的變化直接引語變間接引語時，如果主句為過去時態(tài)，則間接引語的時態(tài)相應向前推一個時態(tài)。如下表所示：

直接引語間接引語句子時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時不變一般將來時過去將來時【名師點津】（1）如果直接引語中有明確的表示過去時間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Mymothersaidtome，“Themuseumwascompletelytransformedin2020.”→Mymothertoldmethatthemuseumwascompletelytransformedin2020.我母親告訴我，圖書館在2020年被徹底改造了。（2）如果直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Thegeographyteachersaidtous，“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”→Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.地理老師對我們說：“地球圍繞太陽轉?！?句型轉換（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday. （4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill，there

away.（5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewouldisisshewasgoing 即學即練4.、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語及方向性動詞的變化引語用詞直接引語間接引語指示代詞this這個that那個these這些those那些時間狀語now現(xiàn)在then那時today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天時間狀語yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore兩天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那時)以前地點狀語here這兒there那兒方向性動詞bring帶來take帶走come來go去句型轉換（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John,”

shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher

.（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tim.”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked,“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam

.（4）Theoldmansaid,“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome,“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before即學即練5.句型的變化（1）直接引語是陳述句，間接引語用連接詞that引導，that可省略。(2023·全國甲卷)“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.→ThebearbiologistChrisServheensays(that)Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.熊生物學家ChrisServheen說灰熊正在重新占據它們以前活動范圍的大片區(qū)域。（2）直接引語是一般疑問句，間接引語用whether/if引導，疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序，謂語動詞say（said）改為ask（asked）。MrTonnysaidtome，“Areyourinjuriessevere?”→MrTonnyaskedmeif/whethermyinjuriesweresevere.托尼先生問我傷勢是否嚴重。（3）直接引語是特殊疑問句，間接引語用原來的疑問詞引導，疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。Maryaskedme，“WhendidtheBritishprincebecomeinfectedwiththedisease?”→MaryaskedmewhentheBritishprincebecameinfectedwiththedisease.瑪麗問我這位英國王子是什么時候染上這種病的。

（4）直接引語是祈使句，間接引語變?yōu)閍sk/tell/ordersb.（not）todosth.句式。Hesaid，“Don’tsubscribetoherview.”→Hetoldmenottosubscribetoherview.他告訴我不要同意她的觀點?！咀⒁狻科硎咕渲械膒lease在間接引語中必須省略?！癙leasepassmethepump，”hesaidtoher.→Heaskedhertopasshimthepump.他請她把水泵遞給他。

句型轉換（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

hadleftwhetherlikedwhereIhadfound即學即練（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogotherethenextdaynottomake ExerciseⅠ將下列間接引語變?yōu)橹苯右Z1.Heaskedtheboywhyhehadbeenlateagain.______________________________________________________________2.Heaskedmetoshutthewindow._______________________________________________________________3.Thedoctortoldmenottodrinktoomuch._______________________________________________________________Heaskedtheboy，“Whywereyoulateagain?”Hesaidtome，“Shutthewindow，please.”Thedoctorsaidtome，“Don’tdrinktoomuch.”4.Theoldmansaidthattheboysovertherewereplayingfootball._______________________________________________________________5.TheteachertoldusthatwewouldhaveanEnglishtestthenextSaturday._______________________________________________________________Theoldmansaid，“Theboysoverthereareplayingfootball.”Theteachersaidtous，“WewillhaveanEnglishtestnextSaturday.”Ⅱ.語法填空Threemonthsago，ImovedtoItalywithmyparents.Oneday，afterplayingbadminton，Iwasabout1.

(leave)theclubwhenIsawAmma.She’sanoldladyinherlate60s，andsheisresponsible2.________cleaningtheflooroftheclub.語篇解讀本文是記敘文。文中講述作者把錢包里的所有錢都給了一位老婦人治病的經歷。解析考查非謂語動詞。beabouttodosth.

是固定搭配，表示“正要做某事”。解析考查介詞的用法。beresponsiblefor對……負責。toleaveforAtthattime，sheaskedthebossoftheclub3.

(give)hersomecash.Shetoldthebossthatherhand4.

(be)inpainandshewantedtoseethedoctor.Thebossgavehersomeexcusesandescaped5.

(quick).解析考查非謂語動詞。此處是間接引語。asksb.

todosth.

請求某人做某事。解析考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。此處是間接引語。根據前面的told可知，此處用一般過去時；此處主語herhand為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填was。解析考查詞性轉換。此處修飾動詞，故用副詞形式。togivewasquicklyIfeltbadforher.6.

IhadnevertalkedwithAmmabefore，Iwalkedtoherandopened