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翻譯三級(jí)筆譯綜合能力模擬13Section1:VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfo(江南博哥)reachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.
Withoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandtheground,peoplewould______beabletowalk.A.innotimeB.byallmeansC.innowayD.onanyaccount正確答案:C[解析]innoway決不,一點(diǎn)也不。A.innotime立刻,馬上;B.byallmeans當(dāng)然,一定;D.onanyaccount無(wú)論如何。
2.
Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping______togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly正確答案:A[解析]occasionally偶爾,間或。B.simultaneously同時(shí);C.eventually最終,終于;D.promptly立即,迅速地。
3.
OnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreat______toeducatetheirchildren.A.effortsB.painsC.attemptsD.endeavours正確答案:B[解析]pains努力,辛苦,可與take搭配,havetakengreatpains意思是“煞費(fèi)苦心”。A.efforts努力;C.a(chǎn)ttempts試圖,嘗試;D.endeavours努力,與efforts同義。A、C、D項(xiàng)都不與動(dòng)詞take搭配。
4.
Thepricesquotedabovedonotincludeanytaxesandlevies______uponthePersonnelbytheGovernmentoftheproject-hostcountry.A.imposedB.importedC.improvedD.impressed正確答案:A[解析]impose征稅。B.import進(jìn)口;C.improve提高;D.impress蓋印。
5.
Themonopoly-capitalistgroup______manysmallerenterpriseslastyear.A.integratedB.mergedC.combinedD.collected正確答案:B[解析]merge兼并。A.integrate聯(lián)合;C.combine聯(lián)合;D.collect收款。
6.
Thelocalauthority______thecompanyaninterest-freeloantostartupthenewfactory.A.grantedB.allocatedC.financedD.sponsored正確答案:A[解析]grant捐贈(zèng)。B.a(chǎn)llocate贊助;C.finance資助;D.sponsor舉辦。
7.
Myfatherhasbeenonthe______inthisfactoryfornearly20years.A.paypacketB.payoffC.payrollD.payment正確答案:C[解析]payroll工資表。A.paypacket工資袋;B.payoff還清債;D.payment支付。
8.
Customersmayalsobepermittedto______theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.A.overextendB.overdrawC.overvalueD.overpay正確答案:B[解析]overdraw透支。A.overextend貨款過(guò)多;C.overvalue估價(jià)過(guò)高;D.overpay多付款。
9.
Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive______.A.installmentsB.piecesC.sharesD.parts正確答案:A[解析]installment分期付款。B.piece部分;C.share份額;D.part部分。
10.
Thepurposeofa______istocutdownimportsinordertoprotectdomesticindustryandworkersfromforeigncompetition.A.taxB.tollC.feeD.tariff正確答案:D[解析]tariff關(guān)稅。A.tax稅;B.toll服務(wù)費(fèi);C.fee費(fèi)用。
11.
Iftheprofitsinoneyeararenotsufficienttopaythedividend,the______willbepaidfromtheprofitsoflateryear.A.arrearB.debtC.differenceD.margin正確答案:A[解析]arrear欠款。B.debt債;C.difference差額;D.margin價(jià)差。
12.
Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen______thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.A.pursuingB.chasingC.reachingD.winning正確答案:A[解析]pursue追求,尋求,與goal搭配。B.chase追逐,追趕;C.reach達(dá)到;D.win贏得。
13.
Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.A.atlargeB.atintervalsC.ateaseD.atrandom正確答案:B[解析]atintervals不時(shí),時(shí)時(shí)。A.a(chǎn)tlarge逍遙法外,未被捕獲;C.a(chǎn)tease自在,合適;D.a(chǎn)trandom任意,隨機(jī)。
14.
Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers'checks,whichprovideasecure______tocarryingyourmoneyincash.A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative正確答案:D[解析]alternative選擇,替換物。A.substitute代用品;B.selection選擇,挑選;C.preference偏愛(ài),優(yōu)先選擇。
15.
InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha______character.A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular正確答案:B[解析]suspicious疑心的,可疑的。A.gracious寬厚的,優(yōu)美的;C.unique獨(dú)特的;D.particular特殊的,個(gè)別的。
16.
Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis______producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction正確答案:A[解析]absorption吸收。B.transition傳遞,過(guò)渡;C.consumption消耗,消費(fèi);D.interaction相互作用。
17.
Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely______myideastoproveyourpoint.A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting正確答案:C[解析]distort歪曲,扭曲。A.revise修改;B.contradict反駁,互相矛盾;D.distract打擾,使走神。
18.
Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimto______theinvestmentplanwithinaweek.A.workoutB.makeoutC.putoutD.setout正確答案:A[解析]workout制訂。B.makeout辨認(rèn)出,懂得;C.putout生產(chǎn),出版,熄滅;D.setout闡述。
19.
Don'trest
on
yourlaurels,______yoursuccess
and
startlookingfornewmarketsnow.A.addupB.followupC.workupD.countup正確答案:B[解析]followup用繼續(xù)行動(dòng)來(lái)加強(qiáng)……的效果。A.a(chǎn)ddup加起來(lái),合計(jì);C.workup綜合加工,整理;D.countup共計(jì)。
20.
Somedisputesamongthesecountriesare______byhistory.A.leftoverB.turnedoverC.handedoverD.takenover正確答案:A[解析]leaveover遺留。B.turnover移交,交給;C.handover移交,交出;D.takeover接管。
Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordorphraseisunderlined.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedwordwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.
Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.A.reasonableB.radicalC.immediateD.minimum正確答案:A[解析]A項(xiàng)的意思是“合理的,適中的”與moderate“適中的,適度的”意思相吻合。B項(xiàng)“激烈地,猛烈地”;C項(xiàng)“立刻,馬上”;D項(xiàng)“最少量”。[譯文]他們認(rèn)為,提出一些適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整措施,就可以保持消費(fèi)者的低成本。
2.
Nuclearpower,withallitsinherentproblems,isstilltheonlyoptiontoguaranteeenoughenergyinthefuture.A.solutionB.policyC.choiceD.reason正確答案:C[解析]C項(xiàng)的意思是“選擇”與“option選擇”的意思相吻合。A項(xiàng)“解決”;B項(xiàng)“政策、規(guī)定”;D項(xiàng)“理由,原因”。[譯文]核能雖然有其固有的缺點(diǎn),但要保障未來(lái)的能源供應(yīng),它是唯一的選擇。
3.
Thepromisedwageincreaseisbeingheldbackwhileitisexaminedbythegovernmenttoseeifitisgreaterthanthelawallows.A.dismissedB.delayedC.neglectedD.rejected正確答案:B[解析]B項(xiàng)的意思是“拖延,推遲”,該句表達(dá)的是政府有關(guān)加薪的承諾正在受到阻礙,也就是推遲了,與B項(xiàng)的意思相符合。A項(xiàng)“解雇”;C項(xiàng)“忽略,不管”;D項(xiàng)“拒絕”。[譯文]一方面,加薪的承諾被推遲了,另一方面,政府正對(duì)這次工資的增長(zhǎng)是否符合法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行審查。
4.
Safetyofficialshaveearnestlyquestionedwhethertheincreaseduseofsyntheticmaterialsheightenstheriskoffire.A.cautiouslyB.severelyC.accuratelyD.seriously正確答案:D[解析]D項(xiàng)的意思是“認(rèn)真地”與“earnestly”的意思相吻合。A項(xiàng)“小心地”;B項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重地”;C項(xiàng)“精確地”。[譯文]安全部門(mén)的官員已經(jīng)認(rèn)真地詢(xún)問(wèn)了增加使用合成材料是否會(huì)增大火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的問(wèn)題。
5.
Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.A.viewpointB.vocationC.prospectD.preference正確答案:A[解析]A項(xiàng)的意思是“觀點(diǎn)”與“outlook看法”的意思相吻合。B項(xiàng)“職業(yè)”;C項(xiàng)“前途,景色”;D項(xiàng)“喜歡,喜愛(ài)”。[譯文]這本書(shū)把她的社會(huì)觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變成了一種精神觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)樗闹黝}是你在改變他人之前你必須先改變你自己。
6.
RacingtheclockeverydayissuchanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.A.falldownB.fallillC.falloutD.fallbehind正確答案:A[解析]A項(xiàng)的意思是“掉下,倒下”,與“collapse塌陷”的意思相近。B項(xiàng)“病倒”;C項(xiàng)“吵鬧,爭(zhēng)吵”;D項(xiàng)“落后”。[譯文]每天與時(shí)間賽跑是一項(xiàng)令人疲憊不堪的工作,當(dāng)我確實(shí)有時(shí)間休息時(shí),我?guī)缀醵家辶恕?/p>
7.
Thesenatoragreedthathissupportofthemeasurewouldjeopardizehischancesforreelection.A.benefitB.endangerC.hinderD.disturb正確答案:B[解析]B項(xiàng)的意思是“處于危險(xiǎn)境地,使處于危險(xiǎn)”,而“jeopardize”表示“害處,危害,危險(xiǎn)”故選B。A項(xiàng)“有利,益于”;C項(xiàng)“阻礙,阻饒”;D項(xiàng)“打攪”。[譯文]參議員承認(rèn),對(duì)該措施的支持將會(huì)降低他再次獲選的幾率。
8.
Themicroscopeenablesscientiststodistinguishanincrediblenumberandvarietyofbacteria.A.unavoidableB.unchangeableC.unbelievableD.unpredictable正確答案:C[解析]C項(xiàng)的意思是“不能相信的”,而“incredible”表示“不能預(yù)料的,難以置信的”,二者意思相近。A項(xiàng)“不可避免的”;B項(xiàng)“不能改變的”;D項(xiàng)“不能預(yù)見(jiàn)的”。[譯文]顯微鏡使科學(xué)家能區(qū)分出的細(xì)菌數(shù)量和種類(lèi)之多,令人難以置信。
9.
HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.A.revealedB.disposedC.remindedD.distributed正確答案:A[解析]A項(xiàng)的意思是“泄露秘密”與“giveaway”意思一致。B項(xiàng)“處理”;C項(xiàng)“重新記起”;D項(xiàng)“分發(fā),分配”。[譯文]他注意到瓊正近距離地研究著他,但是從她的表情上看不出她在想什么。
10.
AtlastJohnSmithchosetostepdownasthecompany'schiefexecutiveandreturntohisrootsinsoftwareresearch.A.resignB.removeC.retireD.replace正確答案:A[解析]A項(xiàng)的意思是“辭職”與“stepdown”在本句表示的“離職”意思相近。B項(xiàng)“移動(dòng),搬走”;C項(xiàng)“退休”;D項(xiàng)“代替”。[譯文]最終,約翰史密斯選擇了辭去公司首席執(zhí)行官的職務(wù),回到他原先從事的軟件研究領(lǐng)域中。
11.
Readersarerequiredtoabidebytherulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.A.observeB.memorizeC.reviewD.compose正確答案:A[解析]句中詞組“abideby”表示“堅(jiān)持,遵守”。A項(xiàng)“observe”表示“遵守,觀察”;B項(xiàng)“memorize”表示“記住,記憶”;C項(xiàng)“review”表示“回顧,復(fù)習(xí)”;D項(xiàng)“compose”表示“組成,寫(xiě)作”。所以應(yīng)該選A。[譯文]圖書(shū)館要求讀者們遵守規(guī)章制度和注意個(gè)人禮貌。
12.
Thecoachexplainedtheregulationsatlengthtomakesurethatnoneofhisplayersworldbecomeviolators.A.atlastB.atlargeC.indetailD.inshort正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“atlength”表示“詳細(xì)地”。A項(xiàng)“atlast”表示“最終”;B項(xiàng)“atlarge”表示“普遍”;C項(xiàng)“indetail”表示“詳細(xì)地”;D項(xiàng)“inshort”表示“簡(jiǎn)而言之”。所以應(yīng)該選C。[譯文]教練詳細(xì)的解釋這個(gè)規(guī)則是為了確保不讓任何一個(gè)來(lái)自世界各地的參賽者成為違規(guī)者。
13.
Thecostofhealthcareandhealthinsuranceremainsthemosturgenthealthproblemfacingthecountrytoday.A.pressingB.importantC.neglectedD.complicated正確答案:A[解析]句中詞“urgent”表示“急迫的,緊急的”。A項(xiàng)“pressing”表示“緊迫的”;B項(xiàng)“important”表示“重大的,重要的”;C項(xiàng)“neglected”表示“被忽視的”;D項(xiàng)“complicated”表示“復(fù)雜的,難解的”。所以應(yīng)該選A。[譯文]現(xiàn)在,醫(yī)療保健和健康保險(xiǎn)的花費(fèi)仍然是國(guó)家所面臨的最緊迫的健康問(wèn)題。
14.
Shebelievesthatsheisnotagoodmotherbecauseshedoesnotfitthestereotypeofawomanwhospendsallhertimewithherchildren.A.popularimageB.commonstandardC.fixedconceptionD.pleasantnotion正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“stereotype”表示“老套,陳詞濫調(diào)”。A項(xiàng)“popularimage”表示“流行的典型”;B項(xiàng)“commonstandard”表示“普通的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”;C項(xiàng)“fixedconception”表示“固定的觀念”;D項(xiàng)“pleasantnotion”表示“令人愉快的觀念”。根據(jù)詞意,所以應(yīng)該選C。[譯文]她認(rèn)為自己不是一個(gè)好母親,因?yàn)樗贿m合做那些老套的事情,即花費(fèi)所有的時(shí)間陪伴自己的孩子。
15.
ThusthemostlogicalapproachistofocusouranalysisonthetraderelationsofSpainwithotherEuropeancountries.A.reasoningB.conclusionC.positionD.method正確答案:D[解析]句中詞“approach”表示“方法,途徑”。A項(xiàng)“reasoning”表示“推理,論證”;B項(xiàng)“conclusion”表示“結(jié)束,結(jié)論”;C項(xiàng)“position”表示“位置,立場(chǎng)”;D項(xiàng)“method”表示“方法”。所以應(yīng)該選D。[譯文]因此,最為合乎邏輯的方法就是把我們分析的焦點(diǎn)集中在西班牙與歐洲其他國(guó)家的貿(mào)易關(guān)系上。
16.
Wenolongerkeepuptheclosefriendshipofafewyearsagothoughwestillvisiteachotheronoccasion.A.ingoodtimeB.uptodateC.nowandthenD.onceandforall正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“onoccasion”表示“有時(shí)”。A項(xiàng)“ingoodtime”表示“及時(shí)地,迅速地”;B項(xiàng)“uptodate”表示“最近地,最新地”;C項(xiàng)“nowandthen”表示“偶爾”;D項(xiàng)“onceandforall”表示“斷然地,堅(jiān)決地”。所以應(yīng)該選C。[譯文]雖然有時(shí)我們?nèi)匀幌嗷グ菰L,但是我們已經(jīng)不再維持多年前那種親密的友誼了。
17.
Theuniversityofferedseveralmorecoursesforthepurposeoffurtheringthecareeraspirationsofitsstudents.A.ambitionsB.achievementsC.advantagesD.advances正確答案:A[解析]句中詞“aspirations”表示“愿望,渴望”。A項(xiàng)“ambitions”表示“野心,雄心”;B項(xiàng)“achievement”表示“成就,功績(jī)”;C項(xiàng)“advantages”表示“優(yōu)勢(shì),利益”;D項(xiàng)“advances”表示“接近,友好的表示”。根據(jù)相近詞的意思,應(yīng)該選A。[譯文]那所大學(xué)為學(xué)生們將來(lái)所渴望從事的職業(yè)提供了更多的相關(guān)課程。
18.
Manywomenprefertousecosmeticstoenhancetheirbeautyandmakethemlookyounger.A.enforceB.magnifyC.improveD.polish正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“enhance”表示“提高,增強(qiáng)”。A項(xiàng)“enforce”表示“強(qiáng)迫,加強(qiáng)”;B項(xiàng)“magnify”表示“放大,擴(kuò)大”;C項(xiàng)“improve”表示“改善,改進(jìn)”;D項(xiàng)“polish”表示“擦光,磨光”。根據(jù)詞的意思,所以應(yīng)該選C。[譯文]許多女人更喜歡使用化妝品來(lái)增添她們的美麗和使她們看起來(lái)更年輕。
19.
Theleadersofthetwocountriesareplanningtheirsummitmeetingwithapledgetomaintainanddevelopgoodties.A.strategyB.standpointC.promiseD.priority正確答案:C[解析]句中詞“pledge”表示“保證,誓言”。A項(xiàng)“strategy”表示“策略,戰(zhàn)略”;B項(xiàng)“standpoint”表示“立場(chǎng),觀點(diǎn)”;C項(xiàng)“promise”表示“允諾,答應(yīng)”;D項(xiàng)“priority”表示“先,前,優(yōu)先權(quán)”。根據(jù)詞的意思,所以應(yīng)該選C。[譯文]兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是為了維持和發(fā)展兩國(guó)良好關(guān)系正計(jì)劃召開(kāi)兩國(guó)首腦會(huì)議。
20.
Manyyoungstershaveheardtheirparentssay"You'llneveramounttoanythingifyoukeepdaydreamingthatway!"A.beequaltoB.accomplishC.adduptoD.pursue正確答案:B[解析]句中詞“amountto”表示“實(shí)現(xiàn),完成”。A項(xiàng)“beequalto”表示“勝任,相等,合適”;B項(xiàng)“accomplish”表示“完成,達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn)”;C項(xiàng)“addupto”表示“合計(jì)達(dá)”;D項(xiàng)“pursue”表示“追趕,繼續(xù)”。根據(jù)詞的意思,所以應(yīng)該選B。[譯文]一些年輕人已經(jīng)聽(tīng)他們的父母說(shuō)過(guò)“如果你老是像做白日夢(mèng)那樣,那么將一事無(wú)成”。
Part3ErrorCorrectionThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesanerror.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.
Jerrysawhisdoglimpingonabloodylegandjumpeduptheconclusionthatithadbeenshot.A.jumpedoverB.jumpedtoC.jumpedforD.jumpedthrough正確答案:B[解析]jumptotheconclusion貿(mào)然斷定,過(guò)早下結(jié)論,輕率地下結(jié)論。因此選項(xiàng)B為答案。
2.
Joewillhavehisfather'sgoldwatchbecauseitishandedthroughinthefamily.A.handedupB.handedbelowC.handeddownD.handeddownwards正確答案:C[解析]handup交給上級(jí),呈交;handdown傳下來(lái),宣布。因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。
3.
Ourplandidn'tgetupthegroundbecausenoonecouldcome.A.getoverB.getonC.getoffD.getthrough正確答案:C[解析]getover爬過(guò),克服,熬過(guò),恢復(fù);geton生活,融洽相處,進(jìn)展;getoff開(kāi)始,(使)取得進(jìn)展,出發(fā);getthrough到達(dá),做完,打通。因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。
4.
Theteacherswanttotakeawaywiththecheatinginexaminationsintheirschool.A.doawaywithB.putawaywithC.getawaywithD.turnawaywith正確答案:A[解析]doawaywith廢除,去掉;putaway放好,儲(chǔ)存……備用,處理掉;getawaywith僥幸成功,逃脫處罰;turnaway不準(zhǔn)……入內(nèi),走開(kāi),解雇。因此選項(xiàng)A為答案。
5.
Thenewspaperstoriesdeliberatelyputdowntheactress'sunattractivepast.A.acteddownB.playeddownC.wrotedownD.putdown正確答案:B[解析]playdown降低,貶低,減少;writedown寫(xiě)下,把……描寫(xiě)成;putdown放下,拒絕,鎮(zhèn)壓,記下,取締。因此選項(xiàng)B為答案。
6.
Theveryrealandfarreachingimplicationsinherentinthecurrentchangesbeingexperiencedbygovernmentspaceports,withtermsoftheireffectuponthewholeinternationalspacecommunity,arealsohighlighted.A.fortermsofB.astermsofC.intermsofD.fromtermsof正確答案:C[解析]intermsof根據(jù),按照,以……的觀點(diǎn),在……方面。本句意為:國(guó)家太空船發(fā)射降落場(chǎng)目前所具有的現(xiàn)實(shí)與深遠(yuǎn)的意義,就它們?cè)谡麄€(gè)國(guó)際太空領(lǐng)域里的作用是突出的。因此C為答案。
7.
Itmustcomplystrictlyinsafetystandardstobeacceptedbythepublic,andatthesametimeitmustdemonstratethatnohealthorenvironmentaldamageoccurs.A.thanB.toC.fromD.with正確答案:D[解析]complywith遵守,服從。本句意為:為了被廣大群眾所接受,必須嚴(yán)格遵守安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn);同時(shí)必須證明不會(huì)危及健康和環(huán)境。因此D為答案。
8.
Theseincludedesignforreliability,designforserviceability,designformodularityanddesignforquality,whichmustbeappliedintheentiresystem.A.forB.toC.withD.as正確答案:B[解析]applyto將……應(yīng)用于,產(chǎn)生作用,有直接關(guān)系;applyfor請(qǐng)求,申請(qǐng)。而本句意為:這一切包括可靠性設(shè)計(jì)、適用性設(shè)計(jì)、模塊性設(shè)計(jì)以及質(zhì)量設(shè)計(jì)且必須將之應(yīng)用于整個(gè)系統(tǒng)。因此B為答案。
9.
Itwillbeemphasizedthatcommercialspaceoperationsareinherentlycomplex,longterm,capital-hungry,andsetbyavarietyofrisks.A.besetbyB.insetbyC.presetbyD.resetby正確答案:A[解析]beset(后面常與by連用)困擾;inset插頁(yè),插入,嵌入(一般不與by連用);preset預(yù)先安置,預(yù)先調(diào)試,事先調(diào)整;reset重新安排。后面三個(gè)詞大多作及物動(dòng)詞,而本句意為:需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是民用太空計(jì)劃復(fù)雜,耗時(shí)長(zhǎng),資金缺且風(fēng)險(xiǎn)重重。因此A為答案。
10.
WewillshowhowtheInternationalOlympicshavecommercializedinternationally,andarefinancedfromcorporateandprivatesponsorshipsandhowthisfundingscenariocanbeusedtofundnewprojects.A.withinB.intoC.throughD.than正確答案:C[解析]finance籌措資金。例:financethroughborrowing借債籌資。因此C為答案。
11.
Whenthisagreementissigned,acircularwillbepreparedforgiventoourcustomers.A.givenoutB.givenoffC.dispatchesD.distribution正確答案:D[解析]本題考查詞義辨析和固定搭配。句意為:簽署協(xié)議后,我們會(huì)準(zhǔn)備一份通知以分配給客戶(hù)。由介詞for可知,此處應(yīng)填名詞,故排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。本句中的distribution與to搭配。所以,答案為D。
12.
Itisnowclearthatnosuchcreaturesasvampireshavebeenseenandnonebeenfoundintheworld.A.wasfoundB.arefoundC.havebeenfoundD.havebeenfoundout正確答案:A[解析]本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為:很清楚的是,沒(méi)有人見(jiàn)過(guò)吸血鬼這種生物,世界上也沒(méi)有人發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)。發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。所以,答案是A。
13.
MycompanyisExcellentKitchenwareCompany,therenearbyisabigmarketforkitchenwareinourcity.A.therenearB.andtherenearC.therenearlyD.andnearbythere正確答案:D[解析]本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:我們是一家極佳的廚具公司,附近有一個(gè)我們城市最大的廚具市場(chǎng)。本句中包括therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。且前后為并列句,故需用連詞連接。Nearby意為“在附近”,符合句意。所以,答案為D。
14.
Thegovernmenthashardlytakenmeasurestocrackdownonthesecrimeswhennewonesoccurred.A.HardlyhadthegovernmenttakenB.ThegovernmenttookhardlyC.HardlythegovernmenthadtakenD.Thegovernmentishardlytaking正確答案:A[解析]本題考查倒裝句的用法。Hardly為否定副詞,當(dāng)其位于句首時(shí),主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝。所以,答案為A。
15.
Thegeneralmanagerdemandedthatthejobwillbecompletedbeforethesummerholidays.A.wouldbeB.mustbeC.beD.hadtobe正確答案:C[解析]本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。動(dòng)詞demand后接名詞性從句時(shí),從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,且should可以省略。所以,答案為C。
16.
Ourcompanywillprovideyouwithfreetransportationasyourequestedandchargetheinstallation.A.installationwithachargeB.intheinstallationC.freelyinstallationD.installationincharge正確答案:A[解析]本題考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:應(yīng)你要求,我們公司會(huì)提供免費(fèi)送貨和付費(fèi)安裝服務(wù)。此處所填部分應(yīng)和freetransportation并列,均為provide的賓語(yǔ)。所以前后結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。所以,答案為A。
17.
Doctorswarnedsun-starvedtouristswhoreceivedtoomuchsunlightthattheywereatseriousriskthanothersofcontractingskincancer.A.withmoreseriousB.atseriouslyC.atmoreseriousD.seriouslywith正確答案:C[解析]本題考查比較級(jí)和固定用法。由連詞than可知,前面的形容詞應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。atrisk為固定用法,意思是“處于……危險(xiǎn)中”。所以,答案為C。
18.
Wehavesentanordersliptoallthatwehavereasontobelieveareinterestedinourbooks.A.whoarebelievedbyusB.withwhowehavereasontobelieveC.whowehavereasontobelieveD.withwhomwebelieve正確答案:C[解析]本題考查結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用。句意為:我們已經(jīng)向那些我們有理由相信會(huì)對(duì)我們的書(shū)感興趣的人發(fā)了訂單。所以,答案是C。
19.
AsanEnglishmajorstudentatoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesinChina,IstronglybelievethatbusinessEnglishismorepracticalthanotherfields.A.astudentinEnglishB.amajorEnglishstudentC.anEnglishmajorD.anEnglishstudentmajor正確答案:C[解析]本題考查固定用法。句意為:作為在中國(guó)最有名的大學(xué)之一中就讀的一個(gè)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生,我強(qiáng)烈認(rèn)為商務(wù)英語(yǔ)比其他課程更實(shí)用?!皩?zhuān)業(yè)+major”表示“某專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生”的意思,為固定用法。所以,答案為C。
20.
Theengineersaregoingthroughwiththeirhighwayproject,inspitethattheexpenseshaverisen.A.justbecauseB.eventhoughC.asthoughD.nowthat正確答案:B[解析]本題考查連詞用法。句意為:工程師正在進(jìn)行高速公路計(jì)劃,即使費(fèi)用已經(jīng)增加了。justbecause“正因?yàn)椤?,eventhough“即使”,asthough“仿佛,好像”,nowthat“既然”。根據(jù)句意可知,即使比較符合題意。所以,答案為B。
Section2:ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestocompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Thenblankenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.
AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.
Butcitizensdidn'tremainsilentforlong.Localactivistshavebeenorganizingunderthemantieofenvironmentaljusticesinceasfarbackas1968.Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.ItshouldnotbeforgottenthatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.
In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.
In1991,anewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsgatheredinWashington,D.C.,tobringnationalattentiontopollutionproblemsthreateninglow-incomeandminoritycommunities.Leadersintroducedtheconceptofenvironmentaljustice,protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities.ThefirstNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummiteffectivelybroadenedwhat"theenvironment"wasunderstoodtomean.Itexpandedthedefinitiontoincludewherewelive,work,play,worshipandgotoschool,aswellasthephysicalandnaturalworld.Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.
Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.Thesecondsummitwasplannedfor500delegates;butmorethan1,400peopleattendedthefour-daygathering.
"WearepleasedthattheSummitⅡwasabletoattractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students,researchers,planners,policyanalystsandgovernmentofficials.Weprovedtotheworldthatourmovementisaliveandwell,andgrowing,"saysBeverlyWright,chairofthesummit.ThemeetingproducedtwodozenpolicypapersthatshowpowerfulenvironmentalandhealthdisparitiesbetweenpeopleofcolorandWhites.1.
InParagraph1,theword"residents"refersto______inparticular.A.ethnicgroupsintheU.S.B.theAmericangeneralpublicC.AfricanAmericansD.theU.S.working-class正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.”可知,第一句話(huà)中出現(xiàn)了anAfricanAmericancommunity,所以第二句中的residents應(yīng)該指AfricanAmericans,所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的種族”,B項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的普通大眾”,D項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的工人階級(jí)”,這三項(xiàng)在文中第一段沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
2.
Theword"squarely"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fairlyB.preciselyC.honestlyD.well正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內(nèi)容“Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella”可知,但環(huán)境公正卻公平地處于民權(quán)的保護(hù)傘下。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“公平地,公正地”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)確地”,C項(xiàng)“誠(chéng)實(shí)地”,D項(xiàng)“非常好地”,這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。
3.
Morethanthreedecadesago,environmentaljusticewas______.A.controversialamonglocalactivitiesB.firstproposedbyMartinLutherKingJr.C.fascinatingtothecivilrightsgroupsD.barelyrealizedbymanyenvironmentalists正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內(nèi)容“Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.”可知,30多年前,環(huán)境公正卻正當(dāng)?shù)囟阍诠駲?quán)的保護(hù)傘之下。所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“在當(dāng)?shù)鼗顒?dòng)中是引起爭(zhēng)議的”,B項(xiàng)“是馬丁·路德金首先提出來(lái)的”,D項(xiàng)“幾乎不被環(huán)境保護(hù)者意識(shí)到”,這三項(xiàng)和文中內(nèi)容不符合。
4.
Theword"intervention"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.interpositionB.participationC.involvementD.management正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內(nèi)容“ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention”可知,積極分子對(duì)抗公司,要求政府干預(yù)。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“干預(yù)”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“參加”,C項(xiàng)“參與”,D項(xiàng)“管理”,這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。
5.
In1968,MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphistohelpthegarbageworkers______.A.getrelievedofsomeoftheirbasicdutiesB.knowwhatenvironmentaljusticewasC.fightforbetterworkingconditionsD.recognizetheirdangeroussurroundings正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)文中第二段的內(nèi)容“Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.”可知,馬丁路德金博士前往孟斐斯是為了給工人爭(zhēng)取更高的工資和好的工作環(huán)境,所以C項(xiàng)“力爭(zhēng)好的工作條件”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“減輕一些他們的基本工作”,B項(xiàng)“幫助工人了解環(huán)境公平是什么”,D項(xiàng)“幫助他們認(rèn)識(shí)到他們危險(xiǎn)的處境”,這三項(xiàng)和文意不符合。
6.
Theword"protesting"underlinedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.combatB.confirmC.considerD.affirm正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第四段的內(nèi)容“protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities”可知,抗議黑人,窮人和工薪階層受到的環(huán)境保護(hù)比白人或富人少很多。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“抗議,反對(duì)”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“確認(rèn)”,C項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為”,D項(xiàng)“斷言”,這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。
7.
Paragraph3impliesthat,in1979,______.A.theenvironmentaljusticeissueswerefirstbroughttocourtinHoustonB.environmentalactivistscooperatedindefyingtheU.S.governmentC.thegovernmentinterventionhelpedpromoteenvironmentaljusticeD.environmentalproblemsattractedtheattentionofthegovernment正確答案:D[解析]根據(jù)文中第三段的內(nèi)容“In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.”可知,環(huán)境公平問(wèn)題需要政府的干預(yù),所以D項(xiàng)“環(huán)境問(wèn)題引起了政府的關(guān)注”符合文意。A項(xiàng)“環(huán)境公平問(wèn)題在休斯頓第一次被訴諸法律”,文中說(shuō)這是一個(gè)里程碑,但是沒(méi)有說(shuō)是第一次;B項(xiàng)“環(huán)境活動(dòng)家一起合作對(duì)抗美國(guó)政府”,文中說(shuō)的是與公司對(duì)抗,不是對(duì)抗政府;C項(xiàng)“政府的干預(yù)幫助促進(jìn)了環(huán)境公平”,政府干預(yù)起到的效果文中沒(méi)有提到,所以這三項(xiàng)都不符合題意。
8.
Theword"grassrot"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.A.basiclevelB.middleclassC.peasantD.worker正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第六段的內(nèi)容“attractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students,”可知,吸引大量的草根積極分子,博士,學(xué)生等。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“底層人員”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)”,C項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”,D項(xiàng)“工人”,這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。
9.
Thenewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsdifferedfromthepreviousactivistsinthat______.A.theynoticedenvironmentaldisparitiesbetweentherichandthepoorB.theycriedforgovernmentinterventioninsavingtheenvironmentC.theyknewwhat"theenvironment"reallymeanttotheWhitepeopleD.theypracticedenvironmentalismoutsideaswellaswithintheU.S.正確答案:D[解析]根據(jù)文中第四段的內(nèi)容“Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.”可知,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)在全世界范圍展開(kāi),而不是局限在美國(guó)。所以D項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們注重窮人和富人之間環(huán)境差別”,B項(xiàng)“他們懇求政府干預(yù),拯救環(huán)境”,C項(xiàng)“他們知道環(huán)境對(duì)白人真正意味著什么”,這三項(xiàng)都不符合題意。
10.
Withrespecttogettingenvironmentaljustice,SummitⅡwasaimedfor______.A.showingtheachievedsuccessB.attractingnationalattentionC.identifyingrelevantissuesD.findingsolutionstotheproblems正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)文中第五段的內(nèi)容“Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.”可知,第一次會(huì)議確認(rèn)的很多問(wèn)題沒(méi)有被公布,所以,第二次會(huì)議召開(kāi)了。所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“展示所取得的成就”,B項(xiàng)“吸引國(guó)家的注意”,D項(xiàng)“找到解決問(wèn)題的方法”,這三項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有涉及相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.
Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife.Therewardsofthegroup'sworkaresharedwitheachmember.Thereisaninterlockingidentityofindividual,group,andtaskperformed.Meansandgoalsbecomeone,forcooperationitselfisvalued.
Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.Insecondarycooperation,individualsdevoteonlypartoftheirlivestothegroup.Cooperationitselfisnotavalue.Mostmembersofthegroupfeelloyalty,butthewelfareofthegroupisnotthefirstconsideration.Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.Businessofficesandprofessionalathleticteamsareexamplesofsecondarycooperation.
Inthethirdtype,calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.Thi
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