翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力模擬42

翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力模擬42Section1VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfor（江南博哥）eachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordwhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Thefactorywaspublicly______bytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyforhavingneglectedenvironmentalprotocols.A.rebukedB.rebatedC.rebuffedD.remarked正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“這家工廠因忽視環(huán)境保護條例而被環(huán)境保護局公開______”，選項中只有rebuked(責(zé)備)的語義符合語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有A選項符合題意。

2.

Thiscountryisinthesocialtransformationperiodnow,andthesocialtransformationis______tobringdeepchangesoffemaleself-valueasopposedtowomen'straditionalsocialroles.A.demisedB.demotedC.desolatedD.destined正確答案：D[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“這個國家目前正處于社會轉(zhuǎn)型期，相對于傳統(tǒng)社會角色，社會轉(zhuǎn)型______會給女性帶來自我價值觀念的深刻變革”，選項中只有destined(注定)的語義同時符合上下文語境以及語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有D選項符合題意。

3.

Weexpressourdeepestmourningforthedeadintheattack,andwestrongly______andfirmlyopposeterrorismofallforms.A.condemnB.reproachC.reproveD.blame正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“我們對襲擊中的死難者表示最深切的哀悼，我們堅決______并反對一切形式的恐怖主義”，選項中只有condemn(譴責(zé))的語義符合英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有A選項符合題意。

4.

Thewiseofoldputitthisway:"Amancomestothisworldwithhisfist______,butwhenhedies,hishandisopen."A.clampedB.clutchedC.clenchedD.closed正確答案：C[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“古時候的智者是這樣說的：一個人來到這個世界上，他的拳頭______，但當(dāng)他死去時，他的手是張開的”，選項中只有clenched(握緊)的語義符合上下文邏輯，故只有C選項符合題意。

5.

Attheconference,allmembers______anactwhichprovidedalayoutplanfortheadoptionofcountriesallovertheworldfortheirenvironmentalprotectioninthe21stCentury.A.endowedB.entitledC.endorsedD.enquired正確答案：C[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“在這次會議上，所有成員都______一項法案，這項法案為世界各國在21世紀的環(huán)境保護制定了全面規(guī)劃”，選項中只有endorsed(支持，贊同)的語義符合語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有C選項符合題意。

6.

Thepessimistsusuallyratedthemselvestoolow.Thenegativeexpectationofthepessimistswillleadtoaself-fulfilling______.A.proposalB.profitC.predictionD.prophecy正確答案：D[解析]近義詞語用辨析。題干意為“悲觀主義者的消極預(yù)期將導(dǎo)致自我實現(xiàn)的______”，選項中只有prophecy(預(yù)言)的語義符合上下文語境以及英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，self-fulfillingprophecy為心理學(xué)術(shù)語，意為“自證預(yù)言”，是一種在心理學(xué)上常見的癥狀，故只有D選項符合題意。

7.

Wewillneverengageinarmsraceorposeamilitarythreattoanycountry.NevertoseekhegemonyistheChinesegovernment'ssolemn______totheworld.A.pleadB.pledgeC.pleaD.pleat正確答案：B[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“永不稱霸是中國政府對世界的莊嚴______”，選項中只有pledge(保證，承諾)符合上下文語境以及英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有B選項符合題意。

8.

Accordingtothemortgagepoliciesofthebank,propertyonwhichmoneyhasbeenlentcanbe______whentheloanispaidback.A.resignedB.reversedC.recountedD.redeemed正確答案：D[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“根據(jù)銀行的按揭政策，貸款抵押資產(chǎn)可以在還款時被______”，選項中只有redeemed(贖回)的語義符合上下文語境以及英文搭配習(xí)慣，故只有D選項符合題意。

9.

Thedesignofdrainagesystemisimportantin______planningbecausethewaterlogdisasterisgettingworsetheseyears.A.metropolitanB.cantonalC.urbanD.civic正確答案：C[解析]近義詞辨析。題干意為“排水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計在______規(guī)劃中很重要，因為這些年的積水問題越來越嚴重”，選項中只有urban[planning](城市規(guī)劃)符合英文語用搭配習(xí)慣(專有名詞)，故只有C選項符合題意。

10.

ScientistshaveunlockedtheaestheticmysterybydetermininghowLeonardoDaVincipaintedher______skintones.A.faultyB.imperfectC.incorrectD.faultless正確答案：D[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“科學(xué)家通過確定達·芬奇是怎樣描繪出《蒙娜麗莎》那近乎______膚色，從而解開了美學(xué)的奧秘”，選項中只有faultless(完美無缺的)的語義符合上下文邏輯，故只有D選項符合題意。

11.

Ecologicalconstructionisaseriousand______problemfortherealizingofsustainabledevelopmentofecology,economyandsociety.A.impendingB.impedingC.imposingD.implying正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“生態(tài)建設(shè)是實現(xiàn)生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟和社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重大而______問題”，選項中只有impending(迫切的)符合上下文語境以及英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有A選項符合題意。

12.

Thewaytoavoidthis______circlewasmonetaryexpansionthatheadsoffdeflation.A.evilB.virulentC.viciousD.pernicious正確答案：C[解析]近義詞語用辨析。題干意為“避免這種______循環(huán)的方法是通過貨幣擴張來防止通貨緊縮”，選項中只有vicious[circle](惡性循環(huán))符合英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有C選項符合題意。

13.

Thejobofourdepartmentisto______

thehigherdecisions,withoutaskinganyquestionstohigherauthorities.A.imploreB.implodeC.implementD.implicate正確答案：C[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“我們部門的工作是______上級的決定，不向上級提出任何問題”，選項中只有implement(實施，執(zhí)行)符合上下文語境以及英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有C選項符合題意。

14.

Inhisbook,theauthorpresentssomestrategiesonMarketingfortheenterprisesto______thefinancialrisksandstriveforthegreatestinterests.A.eludeB.evadeC.escapeD.dodge正確答案：B[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“作者在書中提出了企業(yè)______財務(wù)風(fēng)險、追求最大利益的營銷策略”，選項中只有evade(規(guī)避)的語義符合上下文語義邏輯，故只有B選項符合題意。

15.

InternetMarketingisfittinginwiththenewchangesofconsumingideasfortheregressionof______consumptionneeds.A.dividedB.diversifiedC.divertedD.diverged正確答案：B[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷正順應(yīng)消費觀念的新變化，回歸______消費需求”，選項中只有diversified(多元化的)的語義符合上下文邏輯，故只有B選項符合題意。

16.

Accordingtoevolutionarypsychology,wehadtobeevolvedtobenicetoeachotherbecausetherewasnobetter______.A.alternativeB.alternationC.alternatorD.altercation正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“根據(jù)進化心理學(xué)，我們必須進化得對彼此友善，因為沒有更好的______”，選項中只有[no]alternative(別無選擇)的語義符合英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有A選項符合題意。

17.

Intheworstmassshootinginthecountry'shistory,morethantenpeoplediedanddozensofpeoplewerehitbybullet______andsufferedminorinjuries.A.piecesB.chipsC.fragmentsD.debris正確答案：C[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“在該國歷史上最嚴重的大規(guī)模槍擊事件中，有十余人死亡，另有數(shù)十人被子彈______擊中受輕傷”，選項中只有fragments(碎片)符合上下文語境以及英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有C選項符合題意。

18.

Peopleusedtohavechildrenbecausetheybelievedchildrencouldstretchoutaidsand______parentswithaffectionwhenparentswereoldorill.A.reciprocateB.dissipateC.recruitD.reconcile正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“過去人們之所以要孩子，是因為他們相信當(dāng)父母年老或生病時孩子可以伸出援手并以愛______父母”，選項中只有reciprocate(回報)符合英文語用搭配習(xí)慣，故只有A選項符合題意。

19.

Asthecompanyisundertheriskofoverspendingtheirbudget,theymustretrenchtheirexpendituretomakeupthe______.A.depositB.deficitC.debtD.debit正確答案：B[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“他們必須縮減開支以彌補______”，選項中只有deficit(赤字)的語義符合上下文邏輯，故只有B選項符合題意。

20.

Thetheoryof"Asian______ofProduction"istheoreticalinnovationaboutthespecialdevelopmentrulesoforientalsocietiesfromMarxandEngels.A.ModeB.ModelC.ModuleD.Modem正確答案：A[解析]語用辨析。題干意為“亞細亞生產(chǎn)方式理論是馬克思、恩格斯關(guān)于東方社會特殊發(fā)展規(guī)律的理論創(chuàng)新”，AsianModeofProduction意為“亞細亞生產(chǎn)方式”，是一個專有名詞詞組，故只有A選項符合題意。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordisunderlined,andbeloweach,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordthatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Dadhadahang-upaboutthatexpletive,evenifhedidn'ttotallyabstainfromcursing.HealsogotirritatedwhenArchieBunkersaid"GD"ontelevision.A.sustainB.attainC.entertainD.refrain正確答案：D[解析]形近詞辨析?！癳xpletive(咒罵語)”和“cursing(咒罵)”詞性不同，語義相近。前半句“父親對罵人的話說不出口，盡管他不能完全______咒罵”，根據(jù)“evenif”讓步條件的言外之意，推斷“abstainfrom”和“hang-up”語義應(yīng)該相近，為“忍住”。后半句的關(guān)鍵詞“irritated(生氣)”的語義也能推斷出這一情緒引發(fā)的反應(yīng)。除了語義，refrain還能與from搭配。故選D。

2.

Still,itwasnaturaltobeupsetwhensomeoneyouknowhasbeenbrutallymurdered.A.viciouslyB.begrudginglyC.deliberatelyD.briskly正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。根據(jù)副詞與“murdered”的慣用搭配和語義分析，B、C、D選項均不符合題意。

3.

Often,capriciousnessisthereasongivenfordoingnothing.Flexibleworkingisanaddedopportunitytoallowstaffatthesharpendtomaketheirownjudgments.A.corruptionB.unpredictabilityC.computationD.empathy正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。注意語境和邏輯關(guān)系，“工人可以靈活安排工作時間”和前一句“有時可以因為______閑著”有著承接關(guān)系。所以原因應(yīng)該是“變化”，A、C、D選項與原句語義不符。

4.

TherewasafeelinginParliamentthattheBillwouldpreventthepressfromsayinganythingcontroversial—itwould"gagthepress".A.counterproductiveB.cunningC.curativeD.contentious正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。答案可以由政治背景(“Parliament”“Bill”)和提示詞及語塊(“prevent”“gag”)分析得出。題干大意應(yīng)為“此項法案將嚴厲扼制報刊發(fā)出有爭議性的報道”。

5.

Youarewithustodayand!assureyouthatallmembersoftheclassjoinmeinconveyingourlove,affectionandgoodwishestoyou.A.compassionB.aggressionC.romanticismD.superstition正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。首先題干替換詞具有積極語義韻，排除B、D選項。C選項不能用物主代詞搭配，語義也不符。

6.

Hegazedatherardently.Whensherequiredmorecoffeeheleaptup,determinedtoprovehisnewfoundlove.A.purposelyB.earnestlyC.obstinatelyD.prodigiously正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。題干描寫年輕人的動作情態(tài)，根據(jù)普遍的認知，年輕人追求愛人時必定會投以熱烈的眼神。“有目的地”(A選項)、“固執(zhí)地”(C選項)、“異常地”(D選項)語義與替換部分不符。

7.

Imadeasteepturntostarboardandadownwardmovement;simultaneouslyIwasawareofaslighttremorintheaircraftintheregionofthebombbay.A.quiverB.reboundC.transmitterD.slide正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。從語義分析可知，當(dāng)飛機下降時機身會產(chǎn)生一些物理變化，選中的替換項語義是動態(tài)的，排除C選項，B、D選項不符合飛行和飛行器的邏輯。

8.

Thebourgeoismythologysawtheworkersasmobsofthestupidandmisled,instigatedbyagitatorswhocouldnototherwisehaveearnedacomfortableliving.A.incubatedB.impliedC.incitedD.investigated正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。各選項詞形上略有相似，有一定辨析難度，但詞義不存在交叉及上下義關(guān)系，根據(jù)語義選出正確答案“被煽動”，即“愚蠢的”“受他人意見左右的”人常犯的錯誤。

9.

Today,asmultimediatechnologyproliferates,thenumberofavailabletoolsisgrowingcorrespondingly.A.burgeonsB.peltsC.amelioratesD.disintegrates正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。抓住后一句的“growingcorrespondingly”即可分析出替換部分的意思應(yīng)為“增長”。只有A選項最符合題干語義。

10.

From1April,2019,shopswillbeunderanobligationtorecycleallpackagingreturnedtothembyconsumers.A.recruitB.reclaimC.reuseD.recess正確答案：C[解析]形近詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)語義分析，顧客將已經(jīng)使用過的包裝送回商店應(yīng)該是為了“再次利用”，再據(jù)百科知識，全球目前環(huán)保意識高漲，相關(guān)法規(guī)也日趨嚴格?！皉eclaim”和替換部分有一定的語義重合，但其偏向“回收廢品”。

11.

Mosttrivialargumentsaresaidtobebasedonmattersofprinciple.Whyshouldprinciplesmattersomuch?Whycannotwebemorepragmaticaboutourmomenttomomentbehavior?A.pragmaticalB.realisticC.flexibleD.enigmatic正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。注意“principle”和替換部分的對比關(guān)系，如果不進行整句的語義分析，可能會誤選B選項。A選項詞性無誤，干擾主要來自其詞義，類似的例子還有historic/historical,economic/economical等。

12.

Youwillfindoutaboutthesethingsastimegoeson.Experiencewillshowyouhowtoreadjustyourstrategytogetyourselfbackontherighttrack.A.initiateB.assertC.intensifyD.change正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。注意替換部分后文的“getyourselfbackontherighttrack”給出的暗示，再加一定的構(gòu)詞法知識(前綴re-代表“往復(fù)，重新”)，所以題干大意應(yīng)為“根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，不斷調(diào)整自己的策略以重回人生正軌”。

13.

Ifyoufeellikewithdrawingfromthehurlyburlyandbeingreclusive,thendosoandtakethisopportunitytorechargeyourbatteries,andyourenergywillreturnsoon.A.superficialB.inclusiveC.tentativeD.solitary正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。題干中“feellike”之后的兩個-ing形式是并列的，因此可以從熟詞“withdraw”推出“beingreclusive”的意思大概為“避世，不愿卷入人世間的紛擾”。

14.

"Oh,forgoodness'sake,Laura!"heretortedangrily."I'mjusttoodamntiredtoputupwithanynonsense-especiallysomethingsototallyunimportant—atatimelikethis."A.overstatedB.repliedC.scrupledD.chuckled正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。注意替換部分與副詞的搭配。另外，“too...to”表明說話人已經(jīng)不想再忍受他眼中“無聊，無意義的事情”，按語境推理，可得出替換部分應(yīng)是人們講話或回應(yīng)的可能方式。D選項“咯咯笑”語義上不合邏輯。

15.

MilesandmilesofunspoiltcoastlineandwhitesandsedgedtheruggedAtlanticOcean.Theserenityofthegreencountrysideandsandydunesseemedalmostalifetimeawayfromherpresentexistence.A.infinityB.solemnityC.placidityD.scrap正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。題干兩句話是景物描寫，其后有人物的心境。相關(guān)的形容詞、動詞、名詞都應(yīng)該順應(yīng)同一個語義邏輯，利用“unspoilt”考生可推斷出答案。

16.

Thereportalsocriticizedthedepartmentforrefusingtoacceptthatnewroadsgeneratemoretraffic.Shouldanewroadbecomeliabletotrafficjams,transportofficialswillsuggestwideningorfurtherroadconstructionasasolution.A.likelyB.solvableC.negligibleD.prone正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析和搭配題。先分析語義指向和邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)“willsuggest”后的建議可確定說話人對新路的態(tài)度及其原因。likely用在“belikelyto”中雖然有“可能的”意義，但其后不用名詞。

17.

Grubbylittlemanhemaybe—heshitsinmypresencewithoutembarrassment—yetinhisthoughtIperceiveheisfastidious.A.tidyB.meticulousC.fragileD.fortuitous正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。題干中的“grubby”是重要提示，注意標點的用法，破折號可以插入細節(jié)用以補充說明，也可以插入態(tài)度。此處是前者。

18.

Duringemploymenttheemployeecouldnotuseordisclosethisinformationwithoutbreachingthedutyoffidelity.However,onceemploymenthadended,itcouldbeusedordisclosedbyanemployeeincompetitionwithhisformeremployer.A.perfidyB.loyaltyC.docilityD.duplicity正確答案：B[解析]形近詞辨析。題干中所述與競業(yè)禁止條款類似，當(dāng)今商業(yè)社會中，一段雇傭關(guān)系應(yīng)定義各種權(quán)利和義務(wù)，其中之一就是雇員對雇主信息保密的義務(wù)，做到忠誠(忠于自己的職守)。A選項恰好與原意相反。

19.

Butifyouwantedtotakeyourrevengeandkillme,becauseofsomeancientgrudgeagainstsomebodywho'sbeendustfor200years,thenwhydidn'tyoujustdoitlastnightatmyhouse?A.garageB.wedgeC.animosityD.grumble正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。抓住題干中因果關(guān)系就能分析出替換部分的意思為某種負面情緒，而且持續(xù)時間很長(對逝去200年的人都放不下怨念)。D選項程度不夠深，“嘟嘟囔囔埋怨”在大部分情況下不足以使人動殺機。

20.

Likeplantsthatjostleforabareminimumofsoilandlight,humanbeingswouldeventuallyfillalltheavailableterritory,hewarned.Truetohispredictions,thepopulationofEuropeandNorthAmericadidindeedgrowdramaticallyinthe150yearsthatfollowed.A.competeB.pushC.rattleD.jest正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。光和土壤之于植物的意義與有限的土地之于人類的意義類似，因此為了生存，必然產(chǎn)生競爭。B選項和替換詞有部分意義重疊，但不符合全句語義。本題提示考生平時學(xué)習(xí)詞匯不能只關(guān)注部分義項。

Part3ErrorCorrectionThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesagrammaticalerror,andbeloweach,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Theelectionsof2015and2017broughtin103newToryMPs,madeupathirdofthepartyintheCommons.A.makingupathirdofthepartyB.weremakingupathirdofthepartyC.formakingupathirdofthepartyD.bymakingupathirdoftheparty正確答案：A[解析]現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。本題中的現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

2.

Icouldn'ttakemyeyesonhim,eventhoughIknewthatthiswasn'tpolite.A.takemyeyesintohimB.takemyeyesathimC.takemyeyestohimD.takemyeyesoffhim正確答案：D[解析]介詞與動詞搭配。本題中take與off搭配，意思是無法將目光從他身上移開。

3.

Fewthingsweremoreembarrassingformethanwerecaughtonthetoiletbyourguests.A.likebeingcaughtB.thanwascaughtC.thanbeingcaughtD.thanitwascaught正確答案：C[解析]被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。than引導(dǎo)的從句中省略了主語I，此處應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，意思是“蹲廁所時被看見”。

4.

Thereareanumberoffarmersnowwhenselldownstockandclosedownfordryperiodsbutthisrequiresacertainequitylevel.A.whileB.whoC.whichD.onwhich正確答案：B[解析]定語從句。本題中定語從句與先行詞farmers被now分開，但細讀一下就能看出，因此應(yīng)該用指代人的who來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

5.

Oneofthebigmovementsinfarmingpracticeoverrecentyearsistowardsgrazingpracticethatrespondtoclimate.A.practicesgrazingB.grazingpracticesC.grazepracticeD.practicebygrazing正確答案：B[解析]主謂一致。that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，從其中的謂語動詞形式判斷，可以知道先行詞應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

6.

Karenappliedforsomeassistancetorestructuretheirfinancesandwasrejectedonconditionoftheirincomefromthegrocerystore.A.bymeansofB.inspiteofC.withregardtoD.onaccountof正確答案：D[解析]復(fù)合介詞。從句子語義判斷，畫線部分后面應(yīng)該是申請被拒的原因。故選D。

7.

Pressurehasincreasedonthefamilyafterthebankrevalueditspropertiesandstockasaresultofthedownturninconditions,whichchangestheinterestpayments.A.yourpropertiesB.theirpropertiesC.ourpropertyD.herproperty正確答案：B[解析]代詞指代。句子前面出現(xiàn)的family從語義上來看，是指家庭成員，是復(fù)數(shù)，因此后面的代詞也應(yīng)當(dāng)用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)。

8.

Manyfarmershavetakenadvantageofrainwhenitisgoingtocome,bymakinghayandstockpilingotherfodder.A.whileitiscomingB.whenitdoescomeC.whenithascomeD.whileitwillcome正確答案：B[解析]助動詞用法。when引導(dǎo)的從句的意思是“當(dāng)確實下雨時”，用does表示強調(diào)。

9.

Sometimesthechildfeltasecondselfinside,watchful,smallandcrouchingthing.A.awatchful,smallandcrouchingthingB.thewatchful,smallandcrouchingthingC.thesewatchful,smallandcrouchingthingsD.thosewatchful,smallandcrouchingthings正確答案：A[解析]冠詞用法。本題中畫線部分是一個名詞詞組作同位語，其中心詞是單數(shù)，故詞組中缺不定冠詞a。

10.

Thewomanstartedsingingagainbyherselfwhenshecooked.A.forherselfB.toherselfC.onhimselfD.tohimself正確答案：B[解析]介詞用法。從句子意思判斷，是這位女士自吟自唱，因此應(yīng)該是singingtoherself。

11.

Thewomanwoulddieifthechilddied.Thewomanwouldbeliedownwithabrokenheart.A.wouldliedownB.waslyingdownC.laydownD.wouldhavelaindown正確答案：A[解析]虛擬語氣的用法。前面的句子已經(jīng)點明是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，所以后面就應(yīng)該用wouldliedown繼續(xù)假設(shè)她會如何做。

12.

Herfacewasterribleinitsfuryandsheopenedhermouthandcursescameoutsobitterandfasterthatthedrivershrankandrecoiledandranupthestepsofthebus.A.bitterlyandfastB.bitterandfastC.bitterlyandfastlyD.morebitterandfaster正確答案：B[解析]形容詞用法。bitterandfast是修飾hercurses，前面有副詞so修飾這兩個形容詞。

13.

Thedriverrandownthesteps,yellingwithhisfacehoveringonlyafootfromthechild,hischeeksgoingpurpleandspittleshootingfromhismouthandontoher.A.becausehischeeksaregonepurpleB.withhischeeksaregoingpurpleC.hischeeksgonepurpleD.forhischeekshavegonepurple正確答案：C[解析]獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)用法。本題中有三個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其余兩個在名詞后面都用的是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，但畫線部分從語義上看，應(yīng)該是過去分詞，表示臉色因為憤怒已經(jīng)變成紫色。

14.

Aboutsixmonthsafterthey'dreturned,whiletheywerewalkingslowlyinthestreetinahotafternoon,thechildwasdreamingofpopsiclesandwindontheskin.A.onhotafternoonB.onahotafternoonC.intoahotafternoonD.atahotafternoon正確答案：B[解析]介詞表示時間的用法。當(dāng)morning，afternoon，evening前有定語修飾時，前面習(xí)慣用介詞on。

15.

Thepreschoolteachersallthoughtthechildaprodigy,becauseofnootherchildrenatthatschoolhadeverbeensoadeptorknownsomanywordsandnumbersatsuchanage.A.forB.asC.sinceD.because正確答案：D[解析]引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞使用辨析。四個選項中，只有because表示直接的因果關(guān)系，且通常放在主句后面。

16.

Butthewoman,whoatelunchatherdesk,whoneverspokeofherprivatelife,hadn'ttoldtheminwhichherfamilywasgoing.A.asaresultB.thatC.whereD.unless正確答案：C[解析]賓語從句。從句子語義上看，是“她并未告訴他們她家人要去哪里”，因此應(yīng)該選where。

17.

Shedidn'tanswer,onlysmiledthinly,becauseshecouldnever,givesahundredlifetimes,haveexplainedtohimthedistanceshe'dcome.A.givenB.whengivingC.ifgivingD.whilegiven正確答案：A[解析]given表示條件的用法。該詞后面接名詞短語或從句作條件狀語。

18.

Whensheopenedthedoor,shesawthatnobodyisintheapartmentsinceshe'dleftit.A.theretotheapartmentB.wasontheapartmentC.wereintheapartmentD.hadbeenintheapartment正確答案：D[解析]時態(tài)用法。從句子結(jié)尾部分的since從句來判斷，前面主句中的時態(tài)應(yīng)該用完成時。

19.

Allsleepingchildrenareveryalikeassiblings,unformed,softinthecheek.A.aslikeasB.muchalikeC.thesamelikeasD.asalikeas正確答案：D[解析]比較結(jié)構(gòu)。as...as...也是一種比較結(jié)構(gòu)，兩個as之間可用形容詞或副詞的原級。本題中的alike是形容詞。

20.

Peoplestirredinthemorningandwentoutintotheyardandreturnedwhennightfell,forsheremainedfrozen.A.butB.andC.orD.so正確答案：A[解析]并列連詞的用法。本題中前后兩部分語義上形成對照，故選用表示對照的連詞but。

Section2ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestoanswerthequestionorcompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

AtarecentdebateinWashingtonabouttheriseofChina,aU.S.careerdiplomatstruckanoptimisticnote.Yes,ChinawouldprobablysoonovertaketheUnitedStatesastheworld'slargesteconomy,heconceded,buttheMiddleKingdomwasunlikelytorivaltheUnitedStatesanytimesoonwhenitcameto"softpower",orculturalinfluenceandattractiveness.

Indeed,softpowerisgenerallyseenasamajorassetintheforeignpolicyrealm,helpingcountriesachievetheirgoalswithoutresortingto"hardpower"—i.e.,coercivemeans."Youngpeoplearoundtheworld,"thediplomatconfidentlyasserted,"stilllistentoAmericanmusic,watchAmericanmoviesanddreamofcomingtotheUnitedStates."

ParticularlyinLatinAmerica,thatremainsastrueasever,despiteDonaldTrumpintheWhiteHouseandahistoricandirreversibleshiftofeconomicpowerawayfromtheWesttowardsAsia.TheUnitedStates'culturalinfluenceandvisibilitystandsunrivaledacrossLatinAmerica.Chineseculture,bycomparison,remainslargelyunknownandisusuallymetwithindifferenceandalackofinterest.WhilesomepeopleareawareofChina'sgrowingeconomicroleinLatinAmerica—itisalreadythelargesttradingpartnerofseveraloftheregion'smajoreconomies,includingBrazil,ChileandPeru—mostwouldstruggletonameasingleChinesecontemporarysinger,athleteorsoapoperastar.LatinAmerica'smassmediabusilyreportsevenminoreventsinU.S.politicsorculturallife,yetChinesenewsremainthestuffofspecialists.

YetwhileU.S.softpowermayprovidesometangibleeconomicbenefitsinLatinAmerica—thinkoftourismtoDisneyWorldandNewYork,NetflixsubscriptionsandStarbuckssales—ithasalsoshowntobeadouble-edgedsword,particularlyintheforeignpolicyrealm.China'sunder-the-radarapproachinLatinAmerica,bycomparison,alsobringsimportantadvantages,someofwhichmay,paradoxically,beofgreaterstrategicrelevanceinthelongterm.Thatisbecause,inaregiontraditionallyconcernedaboutU.S.meddling,strongculturalinfluencetendstoinflatetheperceivedpoliticalandeconomicinfluence.WhiletheUnitedStates'defactoinfluenceinLatinAmericahasdeclinedsignificantlyoverthepastdecade—partlyduetoChina'sgrowingroleintheregion,butalsobecauseU.S.policymakersgenerallydonotseetheregionasapriority—thischangeisbarelyreflectedinthepublicdebate,wheretheU.S.roleremainsoutsized.

ThatoftenmakescooperatingwiththeUnitedStatespoliticallycostly.WhenBrazil'sformerPresidentFernandoHenriqueCardosoreached,in2000,agroundbreakingspacecooperationdealwiththeUnitedStates,whichwouldinvolveU.S.useoftheBrazilianspaceagency'slaunchsiteinAlcantarainNorthernBrazil(itsequatoriallocationallowsreducingfuelcostsofsatellitelaunchesby30percent),theoppositionsawanopportunitytowhipupanti-Americannationalistsentimentbymischaracterizingthetechnologysafeguardsagreement(TSA)asathreattoBrazil'ssovereignty.Cardosofoundhimselfaccusedofbeinganentreguistaandcanceledtheproject,whichwouldhaveallowedBraziltodeveloppreciousexpertiseinthearea—increasinglyimportantduetostronggrowthinthemicrosatellitesectorcrucialforGPSandinternetcommunication.WhenthecurrentgovernmentofMichelTemertookuptheprojectrecently,pressureagainintensified,eventhoughthistimeitssuccessfulconclusionismorelikely.IftheprojectpartnerhadbeenChinabackthenortoday,itseemsunlikelythattheprojectwouldhavefacedasmuchpoliticalresistance.

ThisepisodeisstarklycontrastedbyhowChinacanoperateacrossLatinAmericaandmakestrategicinvestmentsalmostwithoutanyrealconcernforpublicopinion.WhenChineseinvestorsrecentlyboughtathirdofBrazil'selectricitysector—asectoroftremendousstrategicimportance—thenewsbarelymadeittothefrontpageofBraziliannewspapers.1.

WhywastheU.S.careerdiplomatoptimistic?______A.BecauseChinawouldprobablysoonovertaketheUnitedStatesastheworld'slargesteconomy.B.BecausetheUnitedStateswouldremaintheworld'slargesteconomy.C.BecauseChinawasunlikelytorivaltheUnitedStatesanytimesoonwhenitcameto"softpower".D.BecausetheUnitedStateswasunlikelytorivalChinaanytimesoonwhenitcameto"softpower".正確答案：C[解析]細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第1段第1句，由第2句中的but分句可知，這位美國外交官認為中國在軟實力方面還無法與美國匹敵。根據(jù)上下文，theMiddleKingdom應(yīng)該指中國，故正確答案為C。

2.

Theword"coercive"underlinedinParagraph2issynonymousto______.A.forcibleB.complementaryC.formidableD.coherent正確答案：A[解析]語義題。forcible強迫的，complementary互補的，formidable可怕的，coherent連貫的。coercive意為“強制的，強迫的”，故A為正確答案。

3.

Accordingtotheauthor,DonaldTrumpintheWhiteHouseseemstobe______

toLatinAmerica.A.promisingB.influentialC.surprisingD.unfavorable正確答案：D[解析]細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第3段第1句，從despite這個詞可知，DonaldTrumpintheWhiteHouse與主句構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，是美國在拉美軟實力影響的不利因素，故正確答案為D。

4.

Inparagraph3,theauthormentionsChinesecontemporarysinger,athleteorsoapoperastarjustinordertoshowthat______.A.peopleinLatinAmericaareawareofChina'sgrowingeconomicroleB.peopleinLatinAmericaareignorantofChina'svisibilityC.peopleinLatinAmericaarenotinterestedinChinesecultureD.peopleinLatinAmericaremainunknowntoChineseculture正確答案：C[解析]細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第3段第4句，可知大多數(shù)拉美人很難說出一個中國當(dāng)代歌手、運動員或電視明星的名字，其原因在第3句：相比之下，中國文化往往不為人知，通常無人關(guān)注或難以引起人們的興趣。故正確答案為C。

5.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofU.S.softpowerinLatinAmerica?______A.Itisunrivaledbyanyothercountry.B.ItcontributestoloweconomicbenefitsfortheU.S..C.Itremainsthesameasbefore.D.ItismoreinfluentialthanChinesesoftpowerinthesameregion.正確答案：B[解析]推斷題。根據(jù)選項定位第1—4段，仔細甄別后可知，B與原文(帶來一些切實的經(jīng)濟利益)不符，故為正確答案。

6.

Thecompoundword"under-the-radar"underlinedinParagraph4mostlikelymeans______.A.vulnerableB.vigorousC.invisibleD.inviable正確答案：C[解析]語義題。vulnerable脆弱的，vigorous精力充沛的，invisible不引人注目的，inviable不可能生存的。根據(jù)上下文，under-the-radar意為“低調(diào)的”，故正確答案為C。

7.

Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.influenceinLatinAmericahasdeclinedoverthepastdecademainlybecause______.A.ChinaisreplacingtheUnitedStatesintheregionB.China'sapproachintheregionisofgreatstrategicrelevanceinthelongtermC.theU.S.governmenttendstoinflatetheperceivedpoliticalandeconomicinfluenceintheregionD.theU.S.governmentdoesnotattachsomuchimportancetotheregion正確答案：D[解析]細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位第4段第4句，可知美國在拉美地區(qū)影響力的下降有兩個原因：中國在該地區(qū)的作用日益突顯；美國的政策制定者未將該地區(qū)作為優(yōu)先考慮的對象，故正確答案為D。

8.

ThemainideaofParagraph5isthat______.A.theU.S.cooperationwithLatinAmericancountriesoftenencounterspoliticalresistanceB.thespacecooperationbetweentheUnitedStatesandBrazilislikelytosucceedC.theU.S.isunwillingtocooperatewithBrazilinspaceexplorationD.ChinaiswillingtocooperatewithBrazilinspaceexploration正確答案：A[解析]主旨題。該題為段落主旨題，關(guān)鍵在于找出中心句，而段落中心句一般位于段首。分析第5段結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第1句(那常常使得與美國合作的政治代價高昂)為中心句，接著舉了兩個例子說明該句觀點，故正確答案為A。

9.

Theword"entreguista"underlinedinParagraph5mostprobablymeans______.A.criminalB.traitorC.corruptionistD.villain正確答案：B[解析]語義題。criminal罪犯，traitor叛國者，corruptionist貪官，villain惡棍。根據(jù)上下文，entreguista意為“叛國者”，故正確答案為B。

10.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardsChina'seconomicsuccessinLatinAmericais______.A.optimisticB.neutralC.indifferentD.negative正確答案：D[解析]態(tài)度題。最后兩段作者對美國與中國在拉美地區(qū)的待遇做了對比，前者因其強大的文化影響力遭遇政治抵制，而后者因低調(diào)行事反而進展順利。作為美國人，作者的字里行間反映出其心中的不忿，故正確答案為D。

Seekingtoframehisnewadministrationasonewithafirmfocusonclosingthegapbetweenchildrenfromaffluentandpoorfamilies,Gov.-electGavinNewsomwillproposespendingsome$1.8billiononanarrayofprogramsdesignedtoboostCalifornia'senrollmentinearlyeducationandchild-careprograms.

Newsom'splan,whichhehintedatinaFresnoeventlastmonth,willbeakeyelementinthestatebudgetproposalhewillsubmittotheLegislatureshortlyaftertakingofficeMonday,asourceclosetothegovernor-elect'stransitionteamsaid.

Thespendingwouldboostprogramsdesignedtoensurechildrenenterkindergartenpreparedtolearn,closingwhatsomeresearchershavecal