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翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力閱讀分類模擬題157ReadingComprehension

Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbeara(江南博哥)blebrilliance.Likeivyalongthedimedgeofagarden,theypreferthesocialshadows,shunningparties,publicityandfameofanysort.Thentherearetheflowersofthehumanarboretum.Forthem,beingintheviewofothersseemsnecessaryforlifeitself.FromHollywoodtofabricatedprime-timereality,thisspotlightdependentspeciesisthriving.

Butwhatabouttheindividualswhocraveattentionformoredesperatereasons?Thosewhoresorttounusualwaystogetit?Lately,itseems,adarkbloomofthesecharactershasemerged.Formotivesknownonlytothemselves,theyhavewonnotorietybydrawingonanalmostsacredwellofsocialstatus:victimhood.

InearlyApril,U.S.nationalnewsoutletstrackedthedisappearanceofAudreySeller,asophomoreattheUniversityofWisconsininMadison.PoliceandhundredsofconcernedcitizenssearchedforfourdaysbeforeSellerwasdiscovered.Seilersaidshewaskidnapped.Withinhours,however,herstoryfellapart.Policeannouncedthatherabductionhadbeenahoax.Whywouldapopularstudentmakeherselfdisappear?Hermotiveremainsamystery,butperhapsithadsomethingtodowiththesearchpartiesandthenewsbulletinsthatsurroundedher.

Sympathyisapowerfulsentimentthatcanconnectcompletestrangers.Butifit'susedtomanipulate,thebacklashcanbemuchmoreintense.

InFebruary,atWaterbury,Connecticut,manwasarrestedasaresultofexploitingsympathy.EdwardValentintoldreportersthathehadreceivedwordthathiswife,servinginIraq,hadbeenkilledinanexplosion.PolicesaidValentinadmittedthefabrication,reasoningthatifpeoplefeltsorryforhimmaybethemilitarywouldsendhiswifehome.Evidence,however,pointselsewhere.Initsextremeform,suchacravingshowsupinmentaldisorders,wheresufferersmayseekattentionbycausingthemselvesharm.Butevenwhenitcomeswithnodiagnosis,adeepcravingtobenoticedcanhaveawideimpact.

Fortheseindividuals,victimhoodrepresentsa"purestateofguilt-freeentitlement",saidpsychologistRichardLevakofDelMar,California"Theygofrombeingutterlydeprivedtobeingutterlyindulged.Intoday'sworld...peoplehavebecomemoredepressedanddisconnectedfromeachother.Soyougetpeoplewhocraveaffectionandattentionandapproval.Theydon'tknowhowtoaskforitandtheydon'tknowhowtogetit.Thatleavesthemvulnerable,"Levaksaid.1.

Theword"arboretum"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.botanicalgardenB.zoologicalgardenC.orchardD.golfcourse正確答案:A[解析]本題為詞義題。arboretum意為“植物園林”,因此選A項(xiàng)“植物園”。該詞較為生僻,若不認(rèn)識(shí),可根據(jù)文中提到的arboretum里有花(therearetheflowersofthehumanarboretum)進(jìn)行推測(cè)得出答案。

[參考譯文]對(duì)有些人來(lái)說(shuō),他人的關(guān)注就如刺眼的光芒般令人難以忍受。他們就像花園里長(zhǎng)在陰暗邊緣的常藤,更喜歡無(wú)社交的生活,躲避種種聚會(huì)、公關(guān)活動(dòng),也厭惡名聲。但同時(shí),在這座人類社會(huì)大園林里,也有花朵一樣的人。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),別人的關(guān)注對(duì)其生活本身不可或缺。從好萊塢到虛假的黃金時(shí)段,依賴聚光燈生活的人在迅速增加。

而那些出于更絕望的原因渴求關(guān)注的人呢?那些通過(guò)非正常手段獲得關(guān)注的人呢?最近,這樣的人似乎越來(lái)越多。他們因利用一種幾乎稱得上神圣的社會(huì)地位——受害者地位,變得臭名昭著,而動(dòng)機(jī)卻只有他們自己清楚。

4月初,美國(guó)多家國(guó)家媒體跟蹤報(bào)道了奧德麗·塞拉(AudreySeiler)的失蹤事件,塞拉是麥迪遜市威斯康辛大學(xué)一名大二學(xué)生。警察和幾百名關(guān)心此事件的民眾搜尋了4天,才最終找到她。塞拉聲稱自己被綁架,但幾個(gè)小時(shí)不到,她編的故事就被識(shí)破了。警察宣布她的“綁架”不過(guò)是一場(chǎng)騙局。為什么一個(gè)如此受歡迎的學(xué)生要騙別人說(shuō)自己被綁架呢?她的動(dòng)機(jī)至今仍是一個(gè)謎團(tuán),但這也許和她身邊的搜查隊(duì)與新聞簡(jiǎn)報(bào)有關(guān)。同情心是一種強(qiáng)大的情感,可將完全不相干的陌生人緊密聯(lián)系起來(lái)??扇绻樾谋徊倏v利用,產(chǎn)生的反作用也將十分強(qiáng)烈。

2月,美國(guó)康涅狄格州沃特伯里的一名男子因惡意利用同情心被捕。男子名叫愛(ài)德華·瓦倫汀(EdwardValentin),他告訴記者說(shuō)自己收到消息稱,在伊拉克服役的妻子已于一場(chǎng)爆炸中不幸身亡。警察表示,瓦倫汀自己坦白事情是編造的,他想如果能引起人們的同情,說(shuō)不定軍隊(duì)就會(huì)將其妻子送回家。但后來(lái)的證據(jù)顯示事實(shí)并非如此。在極端情況下,渴望關(guān)注的心情會(huì)造成精神錯(cuò)亂,患者因此可能通過(guò)傷害自己來(lái)達(dá)到目的。不過(guò)即使未出現(xiàn)診斷癥狀,過(guò)度渴求關(guān)注也會(huì)對(duì)人產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。

來(lái)自加利福尼亞州德?tīng)柆數(shù)男睦韺W(xué)家理查德·勒瓦克(RichardLevak)表示,“對(duì)這些人來(lái)說(shuō),受害者地位代表著‘可被完全赦免的權(quán)利’,他們從極度缺乏關(guān)注走向徹底被縱容?!崩胀呖诉€指出,“當(dāng)今世界,人們彼此間越來(lái)越疏離,變得愈加壓抑,所以會(huì)有人渴求關(guān)愛(ài)、渴望關(guān)注和贊同,卻不知道該如何索取、如何獲得,這讓他們脆弱?!?/p>

B項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物園”、C項(xiàng)“果園”和D項(xiàng)“高爾夫課程”均不符合題目要求。

2.

AccordingtoParagraph1,somepeople______.A.donotliketobeinthespotlightB.likethedarksideofsocietyC.preferthebeautyofplantstopeopleD.avoidthemediabutenjoyparties正確答案:A[解析]通讀第1段可知該段提到了兩種人:一種是不喜歡被關(guān)注的,另一種是渴望關(guān)注的。A項(xiàng)“不喜歡處在聚光燈之下”即第一種不喜歡被關(guān)注的人,符合要求,因此選A項(xiàng)。

B項(xiàng)“喜歡社會(huì)的黑暗面”,文中提到的第一種人喜歡socialshadows是指喜歡“無(wú)社交的生活”而并非社會(huì)的黑暗,因此排除B項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)“比起人,更喜歡植物的美麗”利用flowersofthehumanarboretum設(shè)置干擾,文中無(wú)這個(gè)表達(dá),可排除。D項(xiàng)“避免媒體曝光,但享受聚會(huì)”,原文是不喜歡被人關(guān)注的人會(huì)同時(shí)躲避parties(聚會(huì))和publicity(公眾活動(dòng)),因此D項(xiàng)不符合要求。

3.

Theword"notoriety"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.infamyB.reclaimC.reputationD.achievement正確答案:A[解析]本題為詞義題。notoriety意為“臭名昭著”,因此A項(xiàng)“聲名狼藉”與之最為貼近。若不認(rèn)識(shí)infamy,可根據(jù)其形式推測(cè)其與fame存在反義關(guān)系。

B項(xiàng)“開墾;恢復(fù)”、C項(xiàng)“名譽(yù),名聲”和D項(xiàng)“成就”均不符合題目要求,故都予以排除。

4.

Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,therhetoricdeviceusedinthewritingis______.A.paradoxB.analogyC.metaphorD.pun正確答案:C[解析]本題為修辭手法判斷題。通讀前兩段可發(fā)現(xiàn)文中多處用了隱喻的修辭。如第1段第1句Forsomepeople,thelightofhumanattentionhasanunbearablebrilliance.此處無(wú)出現(xiàn)like、as...等表示明喻的詞,但其實(shí)是把humanattention“他人的關(guān)注”比作light“光芒”;第2段中theyhavewonnotorietybydrawingonanalmostsacredwellofsocialstatus:victimhood.實(shí)際是把victimhood“受害者地位”比喻為analmostsacredwellofsocialstatus“社會(huì)地位中的一口神圣之井”,因此選C項(xiàng)。

A項(xiàng)是“悖論”的修辭手法,指一句話中或者前后兩句話表面看起來(lái)前后矛盾,實(shí)則富有哲理,如Themoreyougive,themoreyouhave.“贈(zèng)人玫瑰,手有余香。”B項(xiàng)為“類比”,即將兩個(gè)本質(zhì)上不同的事物就其共同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較,如Appropriatepraisetoachildiswhatthesunistoaflower.“恰當(dāng)?shù)馁潛P(yáng)對(duì)孩子的作用,就如陽(yáng)光之于花朵一樣?!盌項(xiàng)為“雙關(guān)”,它巧妙地利用同音異義或者同形異義現(xiàn)象使一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)或句子具有兩種不同的含義,從而產(chǎn)生意象不到的幽默、滑稽效果,如Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.這里lies既有“說(shuō)謊”的意思,也有“躺”,即“居住”的意思,用在此處意味深長(zhǎng),引發(fā)讀者遐想。

5.

Theword"abduction"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.kidnapB.actionC.excuseD.plead正確答案:A[解析]本題為詞義題。abduction意思為“綁架,誘拐”,文中為避免重復(fù),用其代替kidnap,因此若不知道該詞意思,也可通過(guò)前文提到的waskidnapped推測(cè)出正確答案。

B項(xiàng)“行動(dòng)”、C項(xiàng)“借口;理由”和D項(xiàng)“請(qǐng)求,請(qǐng)?jiān)浮本环弦?,故都可排除?/p>

6.

AccordingtoParagraph3,weknowthatAudreySeiler______.A.waskidnappedB.playedatrickforpublicityC.wasneglectedatschoolD.stayedawayfromtheconcernedcitizens正確答案:B[解析]通讀第3段后可知,塞拉是編造了一個(gè)自己被綁架的故事,以獲取關(guān)注,因此B項(xiàng)正確。

A項(xiàng)“被綁架”,警方最后證明“綁架”不過(guò)是謊話,因此排除A項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)“在學(xué)校被忽視”,第3段倒數(shù)第2句提到她是一個(gè)popularstudent(受歡迎的學(xué)生),因此排除C項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)離關(guān)注事件的民眾”,文中并無(wú)提及,故也可排除。

7.

Theword"utterly"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.A.completelyB.acutelyC.silentlyD.oppositely正確答案:A[解析]本題為詞義題。utterly在第6段出現(xiàn)了兩次,意為“完全地,徹底地”,表示程度之深,因此A項(xiàng)符合要求。

B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈地”、C項(xiàng)“沉默地”和D項(xiàng)“相反地”均不符合要求,故都可排除。

8.

AudreySellerdidsomethingcrazyprobablybecauseshewantedto______.A.challengethepoliceB.attractthemediaC.experienceanadventureD.beatthecrowd正確答案:B[解析]本題考查AudreySeiler做出瘋狂舉動(dòng),也就是謊稱自己被綁架的原因。事件的具體闡釋是在第3段,而第2段其實(shí)是對(duì)下文事件原因的一個(gè)說(shuō)明,即人們捏造事實(shí),扮演受害者是由于“渴求關(guān)注”,因此B項(xiàng)“吸引媒體的注意”符合要求。

A項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)警察的權(quán)威”、C項(xiàng)“體驗(yàn)一場(chǎng)冒險(xiǎn)”和D項(xiàng)“打敗眾人”在文中均未被提及,都可排除。

9.

EdwardValentinmadeupthestoryinorderto______.A.gethiswifebackhomefromIraqB.makepeoplefeelsorryforhimC.expressdeeploveforhiswifeD.drawattentiontohimself正確答案:D[解析]本題為信息細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問(wèn)EdwardValentin編造故事的原因。通讀第五段可知,盡管瓦倫汀先生自己說(shuō)的原因是為了讓妻子能從伊托克回家,但最后證明并非如此(Evidence,however,pointselsewhere),瓦倫汀只是出于想獲得關(guān)注而編造了事實(shí),因此D項(xiàng)符合要求。

A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)極具迷惑性,但這兩項(xiàng)的表述實(shí)際上只是瓦倫汀先生自己說(shuō)的原因,但正如文中所說(shuō),事實(shí)后來(lái)證明并非如此,因此排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)在文中無(wú)提及,可排除。

10.

Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat______.A.societyhasnothingtodowiththeextremebehaviorofpeopleB.peoplewhoplaythevictimaredoingwhattheyfeelisrightC.people'sdeepneedofattentionimpliespsychologicalproblemsD.peoplewhofishforattentionindulgethemselvesinfabricatingreality正確答案:D[解析]本題為段落信息題,考查最后一段的一些細(xì)節(jié)信息。通斷段落可知,最后一段是心理學(xué)家對(duì)以上所提到的人們捏造事實(shí)獲取關(guān)注的幾個(gè)事例進(jìn)行原因分析,由倒數(shù)的二三句可知,其主要原因便是人們渴望關(guān)注、關(guān)愛(ài)和贊同,但不知如何獲得才會(huì)編造謊言,因此D項(xiàng)符合要求。

A項(xiàng)“社會(huì)與人們的一些極端行為毫無(wú)關(guān)系”,這與原文表述正好相反,因此排除。B項(xiàng)“人們扮演受害者是在做自己認(rèn)為對(duì)的事”,最后一段并未提及扮演受害者的人內(nèi)心的想法,因此排除。C項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)關(guān)注的深層需求說(shuō)明了其心理問(wèn)題”在文中未被提及,故排除。

Adozenyearsago,JamesGrant—oneofthewisestcommentatorsonWallStreet—wroteabookcalledTheTroublewithProsperity.Grant'ssurveyoffinancialhistorycapturedhiscrustytheoryofeconomicpredestination.Ifthingsseemsplendid,theywillgetworse.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess.Ifthingsseemdismal,theywillgetbetter.Crisisspawnsopportunityandprogress.Ourtriumphsandfolliesfollowarhythmthat,thoughitcanbeinfluenced,cannotberepealed.

Goodtimesbreedbad,andviceversa.Bearthatinmind.Itprovidescontextfortoday'sturmoilandrecriminations.Therecentastoundingevents—thegovernment'stakeoverofFannieMaeandFreddieMac,theTreasury'sinvestmentsinprivatebanks,thestockmarket'swildswings—havethrustusintofiercedebate.Hasenoughbeendonetoprotecttheeconomy?Whoorwhatcausedthismess?

WeAmericanswantproblemswithinstantsolutions.Wewantvictoriesanddefeatswithclearheroesandvillains.Wecraveaworldofcrispmoralcertitudes,whentherealworldisawashwithmurkyambiguities.Soitisnow.Startwiththeimmediatequestion:hasenoughbeendone?Well,enoughforwhat?Ifthegoalistopreventacalamitouscollapseofbanklending,theanswerisprobably"yes".

Lastweek,thegovernmentguaranteedmostinterbankloans(loansamongbanks)andpressuredninemajorbankstoaccept$125billionofaddedcapitalfromtheTreasury.Together,thesestepsmakeiteasierforbankstoborrowandlend.There'slessneedtohoardcash.Butifthegoalistoinoculateusagainstrecessionandmorefinancialturmoil,theansweris"no".

We'reprobablyalreadyinrecession.InSeptember,retailsalesdropped1.2percent.Thehousingcollapse,higheroilprices(nowreceding),joblossesandsaggingstockshavebatteredconfidence.Consumptionspends—morethantwothirdsofallspending—maydropinthethirdquarterforthefirsttimesince1991.Loansarehardertoget,becausethere'sbeena"correctionoflaxlendingstandards,"saysfinancialconsultantBertEly.EconomistDavidWyssofStandard&Poor'sexpectsunemployment,now6.1percent,toreach7.5percentbyyear-end2009.

Dittoforfinancialperils,"theUnitedStateshasanenormousfinancialsystemoutsidethebanks,"sayseconomistRaghuramRajanoftheUniversityofChicago.Takehedgefunds.Theymanagenearly$2trillionandrelyheavilyonborrowedfunds.Theycoulddestabilizethemarketsasthey'repressuredtosell.They'vesufferedheavyredemptions—$43billioninSeptember,accordingtotheFinancialTimes.There'salsoaglobalchainreaction.Lossesinonemarketinspirelossesinothers;andnervousinternationalinvestorsselleverywhere.Brazil'smarkethaslostabouthalfitsvalueinthepastyear.

Inthisfluidsituation,onethingispredictable:thecrisiswillproduceacottageindustryofacademics,journalists,pundits,politiciansandbloggerstoassessblame.IsformerFedchairmanAlanGreenspanresponsibleforholdinginterestratestoolowandfornotimposingtougherregulationsonmortgagelending?WouldClintonTreasurySecretaryRobertRubinhavespottedthecrisissooner?DidRepublicanfree-marketideologuesleavegreedyWallStreetstypestoounregulated?WasCongresstoopermissivewithFannieMacandFreddieMac?

Somestoriesaremake-believe.Afterleavinggovernment,RubinlandedatCitigroupas"seniorcounselor."Hefailedtoidentifytoxicmortgagesecuritiesasabigprobleminthebank'sownportfolio.It'simplausibletothinkhe'dhavedonesoinWashington.AsrecentinvestigativestoriesintheNewYorkTimesandTheWashingtonPostshow,theClintonadministrationbroadlysupportedthefinancialderegulationthatDemocratsarenowsoloudlydenouncing.

Greenspanisahardercase.Hisresistancetotougherregulationofmortgagelendingislegitimatelycriticized,butthestoryofhislow-interestratepoliciesismorecomplicated.True,theovernightfed-fundsratedroppedto1percentin2003tooffsettheeffectsofthebursttechbubbleand9/11.Still.TheFedstartedraisingratesinmid-2004.Unfortunatelyandsurprisingly,long-terminterestratesonmortgages(whicharesetbythemarket)didn'tfollow.ThatundercuttheFedandisoftenattributedtoasurgeofcheapcapitalfromChinaandAsia.

There'sabroaderlesson.Whenthingsgowell,everyonewantstogetonthebandwagon.Skepticsareregardedasfools.It'shardforgovernment—oranyoneelse—tosay,"Whoa,cowboys;thiswon'tlast."Inthisrespect,thetechbubbleandthehousingbubblewereidenticaltwins.

Wesuffercyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.Thenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession.

Asthehousingboomstrengthened,lendersoverlent,buildersoverbuiltandbuyersoverpaid.Existinghomepricesrose50percentfrom2000to2006.Lendingstandardsweakened.Investmentbankerspackageddubiousloansinincreasinglyopaquesecurities.Butbankers—totheireventualregret—keptmanybadloansthemselves.Almosteveryoneassumedthathomepriceswouldriseforever,soriskswereminimal.Congresswascomplicit.ItallowedFannieandFreddietooperatewithmeagercapital.Theywere,ineffect,gianthedgefundsbackedbygovernmentcongressalsoincreasedtheshareoftheirmortgagesthathadtogotolow—andmoderate-incomebuyers,form40percentin1996to52percentin2005.Thisblessedandpromotedsubprimemortgagelending.

SoGrant'sthesisisconfirmed.Wegothroughcyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.Theonlyconsolationisthatthegenesisofthenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession.OptimisticAmericans"recognizeerrorandputitbehindthem,"GrantwritesinthecurrentForeignAffairs.ThePewsurveyreportsthiscontrast:thoughhalfofAmericansbelievethere'sarecession,almosthalfalsothinktheeconomywillimproveinthenextyear.(byRobertJ.Samuelson,fromNewsweek,October27,2008)11.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.TheCalamitousCollapseofBankLendingB.TheTroublewithProsperityC.GoodTimesBreedBadTimesD.CyclesofSelf-delusion正確答案:C

12.

Inthefirstparagraph,whatdoestheso-called"economicpredestination"referto?A.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess.B.Ourtriumphsandfolliesfollowarhythm.C.Thecrisiswillproduceacottageindustryofacademics,journalists,pundits,politiciansandbloggerstoassessblame.D.Ifthingsseemsplendid,theywillgetworse,andifthingsseemdismal,theywillgetbetter.正確答案:D

13.

Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthor'sattitudecanbestbedescribedas______.A.facetiousB.skepticalC.positiveD.critical正確答案:D

14.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thegovernment'smeasuretoguaranteemostinterbankloansandpressureninemajorbankstoaccept$125billionofaddedcapitalfromtheTreasuryisenoughtofightagainstfinancialcrisis.B.Whatwe'vedoneisnotenoughtoinoculateusagainstrecessionandmorefinancialturmoil.C.Lossesinonemarketfailtoinspirelossesinothers.D.Brazil'smarkethaslostaboutonethirdofitsvalueinthepastyear.正確答案:B

15.

Inparagraph11,theauthorstatesthat"Thenextrecoveryusuallyliesintheruinsofthelastrecession".Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestillustratethestatement?A.Successinspiresoverconfidenceandexcess,andcrisisspawnsopportunityandprogress.B.Wesuffercyclesofself-delusion,sometimestoogiddyandsometimestooglum.C.Whenthingsgowell,everyonewantstogetonthebandwagon.D.Asthehousingboomstrengthened,lendersoverlent,buildersoverbuiltandbuyersoverpaid.正確答案:A

16.

Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph7andparagraph8that______.A.thepoliciesadoptedbytheClintonadministrationenjoygreatsupportoftheDemocratsnow.B.ClintonTreasurySecretaryRobertRubinisresponsibleforfailingtospotthecrisissooner.C.Republicanfree-marketideologueshaveimposedproperregulationongreedyWallStreetstypes.D.formerFedchairmanAlanGreenspanisnotresponsibleforholdinginterestratestoolow.正確答案:B

17.

Inthesentence"Investmentbankerspackageddubiousloansinincreasinglyopaquesecurities",theword"opaque"mayroughlymean______.A.unstableB.inefficientC.unclearD.inoperable正確答案:C

18.

Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsummarizethemainideaofthewholepassage?A.TheUnitedStatesencountersanunprecedentedfinancialcrisis.B.Thegovernmenthasdoneenoughtopreventthefinancialcrisis.C.Goodtimesbreedbad,andviceversa.D.WeAmericanswantproblemswithinstantsolutions.正確答案:C

Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstruetures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted.First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequitingnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness("this"and"that").ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.19.

Everygroupofhumanbeingshas______.A.itsownsetofideas,beliefsandwaysoflifeB.anextremelycomplexanddelicatelanguageC.itsownelegantmusic,literature,andotherartsD.theprocessofgrowingcropsorraisinganimals正確答案:A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.”可知,不管看著多不文明,每個(gè)民族都有自己的文化。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,人的思想、信仰和生活方式都屬于“文化”。所以,答案是A。

20.

Totheprofessionallinguists,______.A.thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofculturesB.thereisnointrinsichierarchyoflanguagesC.alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroansD.alllanguagesaremostsevereandstandard正確答案:B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“...astotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.”可知,對(duì)于專業(yè)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),語(yǔ)言本來(lái)沒(méi)有等級(jí)之分。所以,答案是B。

21.

Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare______.A.adequateB.numerousC.ingeniousD.ingenuous正確答案:C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.”可知,根據(jù)最嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),未開化的群體中的大多數(shù)的語(yǔ)言都很復(fù)雜。Complex“復(fù)雜的”;adequate“足夠的”;numerous“很多的”;ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的,精致的”;ingenuous“坦白的”。只有C項(xiàng)與原文complex的意思相近。所以,答案是C。

22.

"Backward"languagesfallbehindWesternlanguagesin______.A.structuresB.vocabulariesC.writtenformsD.soundpatterns正確答案:B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句“TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,...butonlyintheirvocabularies.”可知,“Backward”語(yǔ)言和西方語(yǔ)言的區(qū)別不是在于發(fā)音模式或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),而是在于詞匯。由此可知,答案是B。

23.

Alllanguages,whethercivilizedornot,havetheirown______.A.waystotransferideasB.formstosatisfyneedsC.abilitiestoanswerdescriptionD.systemstoexpandvocabulary正確答案:D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第六句“...alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion...”可知,所有語(yǔ)言都有語(yǔ)言擴(kuò)展的機(jī)制。machinery意為“機(jī)構(gòu),機(jī)制”,systems意為“系統(tǒng),體制”。由此可知,答案是D。

24.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthepassage?A.Anthropologistshavenothingtodowithlinguists.B.Linguistshavenothingtodowithanthropologists.C.Thestudyoflanguagescastslightuponthestudyofcultures.D.Thestudyofculturescastsnolightuponthestudyoflanguages.正確答案:C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.”可知,對(duì)專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),各文化之間沒(méi)有固有的優(yōu)越之分,就像對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),語(yǔ)言沒(méi)有固有的等級(jí)之分一樣。根據(jù)這句話的邏輯關(guān)系我們可以推斷出,作者闡述語(yǔ)言之間關(guān)系的目的是說(shuō)明不同文化之間的關(guān)系。castlightonsth.“使某事物清楚些”。所以,答案是C。

25.

Itisimpliedthatallcultureshavetobeviewed______.A.profoundlyB.intrinsicallyC.independentlyD.professionally正確答案:C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,各種文化之間沒(méi)有固有的優(yōu)越之分;又根據(jù)第二段中的內(nèi)容可知,所有的語(yǔ)言都有擴(kuò)展詞匯的方法,日常活動(dòng)和熟悉事物都需要名稱,要進(jìn)行辨別,這些自然要導(dǎo)致形成自己的語(yǔ)言體系。據(jù)此推斷,答案是C。

26.

Accordingtothispassage,tolearnaforeignlanguagewouldrequireoneto______.A.domoreactivitiesB.learnaboutanewcultureC.meetmorepeopleD.needmorenames正確答案:B[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“...objectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin'backward'languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.”可知,學(xué)語(yǔ)言除了學(xué)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法外,還要了解與文化相關(guān)的思想、信仰和生活方式等。語(yǔ)言是文化的一部分,所以,學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)必須要了解該語(yǔ)言的文化。所以,答案是B。

27.

Theauthor'sattitudeshowninthispassage,toward"backward"languagesis______.A.restrainedB.subjectiveC.objectiveD.resolute正確答案:C[解析]本題考查作者態(tài)度。通讀全文可知,全文作者均采用第三人稱的陳述方式進(jìn)行講述,講到了不同文化和不同語(yǔ)言的之間的差別,由此可知,作者的態(tài)度是可觀的。所以,答案是C。

28.

Thispassageisonthewhole______.A.narrativeB.instructiveC.prescriptiveD.argumentative正確答案:B[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知,本文主要是講述語(yǔ)言文化方面的內(nèi)容,說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言和文化密切相關(guān)。該文章具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。所以,答案是B。

ThelandscapeoftheGiant'sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome50-60millionyearsago.ItsTertiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,representthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

TheCausewayisamassofbasaltcolumnspackedtightlytogether.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Altogetherthereare40,000ofthesestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,heptagonalandoctagonal.Thetallestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant'sCauseway,pastamphitheatresofstonecolumnsandformationswithfancifulnamesliketheHoneycomb,theWishingWell,andtheGiant'sGranny,pastawoodenstaircasetoBenbaneHead,andbackalongthecliff-top.Furtherdownthecoast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmallislandusedbyfishermen.Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge—andisnotforthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant'sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth'shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil'sCausewayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedontheclifftop1kmfromthesite.TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant'sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthemanyotherattractionsoftheCausewayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.29.

Theword"lurking"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.lieinambushB.waitC.standD.waylay正確答案:A[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“l(fā)urkingbelowthegauntseawall”可知,潛伏在荒涼海堤的下面。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“埋伏”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“等待”,C項(xiàng)“矗立”,D項(xiàng)“攔截”,這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

30.

TheGiant'sCausewaywascreatedby______.A.theancientIrishpeopleB.thegiantFinnMcCoolC.thevolcanicactivitiesD.thedriftoflavaplateau正確答案:C[解析]根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome50~60millionyearsago”可知,海岸堤道地質(zhì)層是火山活動(dòng)的典型代表,所以C符合題意。A項(xiàng)“古代的愛(ài)爾蘭人”,文中提到巨人堤是古愛(ài)爾蘭人心中的奇觀,但不是古愛(ài)爾蘭締造的;B項(xiàng)“巨人芬恩·麥克庫(kù)爾”,這是傳說(shuō)中的締造者,不是真實(shí)的;D項(xiàng)“溶巖高原的移動(dòng)”,根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容,也不是巨人堤的成因。

31.

Theword"remaining"underlinedinParagraphIisclosestinmeaningto______.A.therestB.keepC.stay

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