翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類真題5

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類真題5SectionⅠEnglishChineseTranslation1.

LECCO,Italy—Eachmorning,about450studentstra（江南博哥）velalong17schoolbusroutesto10elementaryschoolsinthislakesidecityatthesoutherntipofLakeComo.Therearezeroschoolbuses.

In2003,toconfrontthetriplethreatsofchildhoodobesity,localtrafficjamsand—mostimportant—ariseinglobalgreenhousegasesabettedbycaremissions,anenvironmentalgrouphereproposedaretro-radicalconcept:childrenshouldwalktoschool.

Theysetupapiedibus(literallyfoot-businItalian)—abusroutewithadriverbutnovehicle.EachmorningamixofpaidstaffmembersandparentalvolunteersinfluorescentyellowvestsleadlinesofwalkingstudentsalongLecco'stwistingstreetstotheschools'gates,PiedPiper-style,stoppinghereandthereastheirflockexpands.

AttheCarducciSchool,100children,ormorethanhalfofthestudents,nowtakewalkingbuses.Manyofthemwerepreviouslydrivenincars,GiulioGreppi,a9-year-oldwithshaggyblondhair,saidhehadbeendrivenaboutathirdofamileeachwayuntilhestartedtakingthepiedibus."Igettoseemyfriendsandwefeelspecialbecauseweknowit'sgoodfortheenvironment,"hesaid.

Althoughtheroutesareeachgenerallylessthanamile,thetown'spiedibuseshavesofareliminatedmorethan100,000milesofcartraveland,inprinciple,preventedthousandsoftonsofgreenhousegasesfromenteringtheair,DarioPesenti,thetown'senvironmentauditor,estimates.

ThenumberofchildrenwhoaredriventoschooloverallisrisingintheUnitedStatesandEurope,expertsonbothcontinentssay,makingupasizablechunkoftransportation'scontributiontogreenhouse-gasemissions.The"schoolrun"madeup18percentofcartripsbyurbanresidentsofBritainlastyear,anationalsurveyshowed.

In1969,40percentofstudentsintheUnitedStateswalkedtoschool;in2001,themostrecentyeardatawascollected,13percentdid,accordingtothefederalgovernment'sNationalHouseholdTravelSurvey.

Lecco'swalkingbuswasthefirstinItaly,buthundredshavecroppedupelsewhereinEuropeand,morerecently,inNorthAmericatocombatthetrend.

TownsinFrance,BritainandelsewhereinItalyhavecreatedsuchroutes,althoughfewareasextensiveandlong-lastingasLecco's.正確答案：意大利萊科市——萊科位于科摩湖最南端。每天早上，10個(gè)小學(xué)的大約450名學(xué)生沿著17條校車線路步行上學(xué)，校車不見(jiàn)蹤影。

兒童肥胖癥增多，當(dāng)?shù)亟煌〒矶?，特別是汽車尾氣使得全球溫室氣體排放量不斷攀升，面對(duì)這三大問(wèn)題，當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)環(huán)保組織于2003年提出了回歸自然的大膽建議：讓孩子們步行上學(xué)。

該環(huán)保組織制定了一個(gè)名為“piedibus”的步行上學(xué)計(jì)劃：學(xué)生沿著校車線路步行上學(xué)，沒(méi)有校車但有專職負(fù)責(zé)護(hù)送的“司機(jī)”?！皃iedibus”在意大利語(yǔ)中的意思就是“步行公交車”。每天早上，孩子們排成隊(duì)，在身穿熒光黃色背心的專職工作人員和家長(zhǎng)志愿者的帶領(lǐng)下，沿著蜿蜒曲折的街道步行上學(xué)。途中隊(duì)伍不時(shí)停下來(lái)，沿途的學(xué)生陸續(xù)加入，隊(duì)伍也隨之壯大。整個(gè)情形與魔笛的故事十分相似。

卡多西小學(xué)學(xué)生人數(shù)不到200人，而現(xiàn)在超過(guò)一半的學(xué)生都選擇步行上學(xué)，這些孩子之前都是車接車送。朱利奧·格雷皮現(xiàn)年九歲，一頭濃密金發(fā)。他說(shuō)，上學(xué)就三分之一英里的路程，此前他上學(xué)都是車接車送。他說(shuō)：“步行上學(xué)能見(jiàn)到好朋友，而且感覺(jué)很有意義，因?yàn)檫@對(duì)環(huán)境有好處。”

每一條校車線路通常都不超過(guò)一英里，但是，萊科市的環(huán)境審核員達(dá)里奧·裴森迪(Pesenti)估計(jì)，通過(guò)實(shí)施步行上學(xué)計(jì)劃，汽車出行總里程減少了10多萬(wàn)英里，從理論上講相當(dāng)于溫室氣體減排數(shù)千噸。

歐美專家稱，上學(xué)需車接車送的小學(xué)生數(shù)量總體仍在上升，由此產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放占整個(gè)交通領(lǐng)域的很大比重。一項(xiàng)國(guó)家調(diào)查顯示，去年校車總里程數(shù)占英國(guó)市民汽車出行總里程數(shù)的18%。

根據(jù)聯(lián)邦政府國(guó)家家庭旅行調(diào)查部門(mén)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，在1969年，美國(guó)步行上學(xué)的小學(xué)生比例為40%，在數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)的最后一年，也就是2001年，這一比例下降至13%。

針對(duì)這一趨勢(shì)，萊科市在意大利率先啟動(dòng)了步行上學(xué)計(jì)劃，歐洲其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)也紛紛啟動(dòng)了數(shù)百個(gè)類似計(jì)劃，北美最近也步歐洲后塵，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生步行上學(xué)。

法國(guó)和英國(guó)的一些城市以及意大利的其他城市也實(shí)施了步行上學(xué)計(jì)劃，只不過(guò)大多數(shù)城市啟動(dòng)比萊科要晚，規(guī)模也小。

2.

WhennightfallsinremotepartsofAfricaandtheIndiansubcontinent,hundredsofmillionsofpeoplewithoutaccesstoelectricityturntocandlesorflammableandpollutingkerosenelampsforillumination.

Slowlythroughsmallloansforsolarpowereddevices,microfinanceisbringinglighttotheseruralregionswherealackofelectricityhasstymiedeconomicdevelopment,literacyratesandhealth.AwomansewsclothesonasewingmachinedrivenbysolarenergyinAhmedabad/Photocredit:AmitDave/Reuters.

"Earlier,theycouldnotdomuchoncethesunset.Now,thesunisuseddifferently.Theyhaveincreasedtheirproductivity,improvedtheirhealthandsocio-economicstatus,"saidPinalShahfromSEWABank,amicro-lendinginstitution.

VegetablesellerRamibenWaghritookoutaloantobuyasolarlanternwhichsheusestolightupherstallatnight.Thelanterncostsbetween$66-$112,aboutaweek'sincomeforWaghri.

"Thevegetableslookbetterbythislight,andit'scheaperthankeroseneanddoesn'tsmell,"saidWaghri,whoestimatesshemakesabout300rupees($6)moreeacheveningwithherlantern.

"Ifwecanusethesuntosavesomemoney,whynot?"

InIndia,solarpowerprojects,oftenfundedbymicrocreditinstitutions,arehelpingthecountryreducecarbonemissionsandachieveitsgoaltodoublethecontributionofrenewableenergyto6%,or25,000megawatts,withinthenextfouryears.

Off-gridapplicationssuchassolarcookersandlanterns,whichcanprovideseveralhoursoflightatnightafterbeingchargedbythesunduringtheday,willhelpcutdependenceonfossilfuelsandreducethefourthbiggestemitter'scarbonfootprint,saidPradeepDadhich,aseniorfellowatenergyresearchinstituteTERI.

"Theyarereachingpeoplewhootherwisehavelimitedornoaccesstoelectricity,anddependonkerosene,dieselorfirewoodfortheirenergyneeds,"hesaid.

"Theapplicationsnotonlysatisfytheseneeds,theyalsoimprovethequalityoflifeandreducethecarbonfootprint."

SEWAorSelfEmployedWomen'sAssociation,isamongagrowingnumberofmicrofinanceinstitutionsinIndiafocusedonprovidingaffordablerenewableenergysourcestopoorpeople,whootherwisewouldhavehadtostandforhourstobuykeroseneforlamps,ortrudgemilestocollectfirewoodforcooking.

SKSMicrofinance,India'slargestMFI,offerssolarlampstoits5millioncustomers,whileGrameenSuryaBijlee(RuralSolarElectricity)FoundationhelpsfundlampsandhomeandstreetlightingsystemsforvillagersinIndia,NepalandBangladesh.正確答案：每當(dāng)夜幕降臨之時(shí)，在非洲和印度次大陸偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)尚未用上電燈的數(shù)億居民不得不利用蠟燭或者煤油燈照明。煤油燈容易引發(fā)火災(zāi)并且會(huì)造成污染。

在這些農(nóng)村地區(qū)，由于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)沒(méi)有電力供應(yīng)，當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、教育和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)都受到了制約。不過(guò)，通過(guò)小額信貸幫助當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褓?gòu)買(mǎi)太陽(yáng)能設(shè)施，這些地區(qū)現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始慢慢亮起來(lái)了。

婦女個(gè)體企業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)(SEWA)是一家提供小額信貸的機(jī)構(gòu)。在該機(jī)構(gòu)工作的皮納爾·沙(PinalShah)說(shuō)：“以前，人們基本上是日落而息。如今，人們對(duì)太陽(yáng)能有了全新的利用方式，通過(guò)利用太陽(yáng)能，人們提高了生產(chǎn)力，改善了健康狀況，促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展?！?/p>

拉米本·瓦格里(RamibenWaghri)是一個(gè)蔬菜攤販，她通過(guò)小額貸款買(mǎi)了一盞太陽(yáng)能燈，到了晚上可以用來(lái)為自己的攤位照明。太陽(yáng)能燈售價(jià)66美元至112美元，相當(dāng)于她一個(gè)星期的收入。

瓦格里說(shuō)：“太陽(yáng)能燈可以讓蔬菜更有賣相，而且，這燈本身比煤油燈更便宜，還沒(méi)有氣味。”她估算，使用太陽(yáng)能燈后每晚她能多賺300P比(合6美元)。

“如果利用太陽(yáng)能省錢(qián)的話，何樂(lè)而不為呢?”

印度的太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目往往由小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)提供資金支持，一方面有助于減少該國(guó)碳排放，另一方面也有助于幫助印度在今后四年實(shí)現(xiàn)將可再生能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重提高一倍至6%的目標(biāo)，相當(dāng)于可再生能源發(fā)電量達(dá)到25000兆瓦。

印度能源與資源研究所(TERI)的高級(jí)研究員普拉迪普·達(dá)蒂奇(PradeepDadhich)說(shuō)：

“太陽(yáng)能燈在白天充電后可以提供數(shù)小時(shí)照明，像太陽(yáng)能灶和太陽(yáng)能燈等離網(wǎng)應(yīng)用可以幫助印度——世界第四大碳排放國(guó)——減少對(duì)化石燃料的依賴性，降低碳足跡(碳排放)?！?/p>

他說(shuō)：“如果沒(méi)有這些太陽(yáng)能離網(wǎng)應(yīng)用，那些生活在無(wú)電或少電地區(qū)的人們將不得不依靠煤油、柴油或柴火滿足自身能源需求/有了這些太陽(yáng)能離網(wǎng)應(yīng)用，那些生活在無(wú)電或少電地區(qū)的人們將可以逐漸擺脫對(duì)煤油、柴油或柴火等能源的依賴?！?/p>

“這些應(yīng)用不僅滿足了人們的能源需求，還提高了人們的生活質(zhì)量，減少了碳足跡(碳排放)?！?/p>

現(xiàn)在，印度有越來(lái)越多的小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)幫助窮人獲得負(fù)擔(dān)得起的可再生能源，婦女個(gè)體企業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)就是一例。有了小額信貸，窮人不再需要排隊(duì)數(shù)小時(shí)去購(gòu)買(mǎi)煤油，或者跋涉數(shù)英里去撿拾柴火。

現(xiàn)在，印度最大的小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)SKS小額信貸公司資助500萬(wàn)客戶購(gòu)買(mǎi)太陽(yáng)能燈，農(nóng)村太陽(yáng)能電力(GrameenSuryaBijlee)基金會(huì)則為印度、尼泊爾和孟加拉村民購(gòu)買(mǎi)太陽(yáng)能燈、太陽(yáng)能家用和街道用照明設(shè)施提供信貸支持。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

節(jié)選自2009年胡錦濤在聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化峰會(huì)開(kāi)幕式上講話。

全球氣候變化深刻影響著人類生存和發(fā)展，是各國(guó)共同面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。

氣候變化是人類發(fā)展進(jìn)程中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，既受自然因素影響，也受人類活動(dòng)影響，既是環(huán)境問(wèn)題，更是發(fā)展問(wèn)題，同各國(guó)發(fā)展階段、生活方式、人口規(guī)模、資源稟賦以及國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)分工等因素密切相關(guān)。歸根到底，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化問(wèn)題應(yīng)該也只能在發(fā)展過(guò)程中推進(jìn)，應(yīng)該也只能靠共同發(fā)展來(lái)解決。

中國(guó)已經(jīng)制定和實(shí)施了《應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)家方案》，明確提出2005年到2010年降低單位，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆蓋率和可再生能源比重等有約束力的國(guó)家指標(biāo)。

今后，中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步把應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化納入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，并繼續(xù)采取強(qiáng)有力的措施。一是加強(qiáng)節(jié)能、提高能效工作，爭(zhēng)取到2020年單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年有顯著下降。二是大力發(fā)展可再生能源和核能，爭(zhēng)取到2020年非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到15%左右。三是大力增加森林碳匯，爭(zhēng)取到2020年森林面積比2005年增加134000萬(wàn)公頃，森林蓄積量比2005年增加13億立方米。四是大力發(fā)展綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)，積極發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，研發(fā)和推廣氣候友好技術(shù)。正確答案：Globalclimatechangehasaprofoundimpactontheexistenceanddevelopmentofmankind,andisamajorchallengefacingallcountries.

Climatechangeisanissuearisinginthecourseofhumandevelopment.Itisassociatedwithbothnaturalfactorsandhumanactivities.Itisanenvironmentalissue,butalso,andmoreimportantly,adevelopmentissue,asitiscloselyconnectedwiththedevelopmentstage,wayoflife,sizeofpopulationandresourceendowmentofdifferentcountriesandtheirplacesintheinternationaldivisionoflabor.Inthefinalanalysis,weshouldandcanonlyadvanceeffortstoaddressclimatechangeinthecourseofdevelopmentandmeetthechallengethroughcommondevelopment.

ChinahasadoptedandisimplementingtheNationalClimateChangeProgram,whichincludesmandatorynationaltargetsforreducingenergyintensityandthedischargeofmajorpollutants,andincreasingforestcoverageandtheshareofrenewableenergyfortheperiodof2005through2010.

Intheyearsahead,Chinawillfurtherintegrateactionsonclimatechangeintoitseconomicandsocialdevelopmentplanandtakethefollowingmeasures:First,wewillintensifyefforttoconserveenergyandimproveenergyefficiency.WewillendeavortocutcarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPbyanotablemarginby2020fromthe2005level.Second,wewillvigorouslydeveloprenewableenergyandnuclearenergy.Wewillendeavortoincreasetheshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoaround15%by2020.Third,wewillenergeticallyincreaseforestcarbonsink.Wewillendeavortoincreaseforestcoverageby40millionhectaresandforeststockvolumeby1.3billioncubicmetersby2020fromthe2005levels.Fourth,wewillstepupefforttodevelopgreeneconomy,low-carboneconomyandcirculareconomy,andenhanceresearch,developmentanddisseminationofclimate-friendlytechnologies.

Climatechangeisadauntingglobalchallengethatthreatenstheveryexistenceanddevelopmentofhumankind.

Thechangingclimatehasemergedalongsidehumanprogress.Climateissubjecttonaturalforcesandhumanfactors.Climatechangethreatenstheenvironment,butmoreimportantly,itchallengesthecourseofdevelopment.Developmentstages,lifestyles,populationsizesandresourceendowmentsofdifferentcountriesandtheinternationaldivisionoflaborareallatplayinshapingpatternsofclimatechange.Inthefinalanalysis/essentially/basically/ultimately,climatechangemustandcanonlybeaddressedthroughcommondevelopment.

ChinahasimplementedtheNationalClimateChangeProgramfortheperiodbetween2005and2010.Theinitiativehassetbinding/mandatorytargetsforenergyintensity,emissioncutsinmajorpollutants,risesinforestcoverageandgrowthinshareofrenewables.

Goingforward,Chinawillinclude/mainstream/build/feedclimatechangeadaptationandmitigationintoitssocio-economicplanningandrenewitsstrongcommitmenttofightthischallenge.First,Chinawillseekhigherenergyefficiencyandmuchlowercarbonintensityby2020fromthelevelof2005.Second,Chinawillstrivetodeveloprenewableandnuclearenergyaspartofitseffortstoderiveabout15%ofprimaryenergyconsumptionfromnon-fossilsourcesby2020.

Third,Chinawillworktoincreaseforestcarbonsinkbyadding40millionhectarestoforestacreage/coverand1.3billioncubicmeterstoforeststockbetween2005and2020.Fourth,Chinawillbecommittedtobuildingagreenandcirculareconomythatfollowsalow-carbonpath.Forthattohappen,ChinawillworkhardontheR&Dandextensionofclimate-friendlytechnologies.

2.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)推進(jìn)了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展。在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)加速向傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)滲透，產(chǎn)業(yè)邊界日益交融，新型商務(wù)模式和服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)加速興起，衍生了新的業(yè)態(tài)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式等方面發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)成為推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要引擎。包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在內(nèi)的信息技術(shù)與產(chǎn)業(yè)，對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷融合，利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改造和提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，帶動(dòng)了傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展與運(yùn)用還催生了一批新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，工業(yè)咨詢、軟件11%、外包服務(wù)等工業(yè)服務(wù)業(yè)蓬勃興起。信息技術(shù)在加快自主創(chuàng)新和節(jié)能降耗，推動(dòng)減排治污等方面的作用日益凸顯，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的新型戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)。

中國(guó)政府將大力推動(dòng)電子商務(wù)類、教育類網(wǎng)站發(fā)展，積極推進(jìn)電子政務(wù)建設(shè)，支持發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視等新興媒體，倡導(dǎo)提供形式多樣、內(nèi)容豐富的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)，以滿足人們多樣化、多層次的信息消費(fèi)需求。正確答案：譯文1

TheInternetishelpingpromotetheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofChina.Intheeconomicsector,theInternethasspreaditsinfluenceintotraditionalindustry,whichleadstotheemergenceofnewbusinessmodelsandserviceeconomy,generatingnewtypesofindustries.TheInternetisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinpromotingeconomicrestructuringandtransformingthepatternofeconomicdevelopment.

TheInternethasbecomeanenginepromotingtheeconomicdevelopmentofChina.ITincludingtheInternetanditsindustryhasmadesignificantcontributionstotherapidgrowthoftheChineseeconomy.

ThecombinationoftheInternetandtherealeconomy,thereformandenhancementoftraditionalindustrythroughIT,havegivenanimpetustotherestructuringoftraditionalindustryandchangingofthepatternofitsdevelopment.ThedevelopmentandapplicationoftheInternethasgivenrisetotheemergenceofmanynewindustries.Servicesforthedevelopmentofindustriessuchasindustrialcounseling,softwareserviceandoutsourcingaremushrooming.TheroleofITinpromotingindependentinnovation,energyconservation,emissionreductionandenvironmentalprotectionhasbecomeevermoreprominent.TheInternethasemergedasanewstrategicindustryinChina'sdevelopmentoflow-carboneconomy.

TheChinesegovernmentwillvigorouslypromotethedevelopmentofwebsitesfeaturinge-commerceandeducation,giveimpetustothebuildingofe-government,advocatethedevelopmentofemergingmediasuchasonlineradioandonlinetelevision,andcallfortheprovisionofvariedandrichInternetinformationservicestosatisfythediversified,multi-leveledneedsofinformationconsumption.

譯文2

TheInternethasadvanced/becomeastrongdriverbehindChina'ssocio-economicdevelopment.Economically/Ontheeconomicfront,theInternethasmadefasterinroadsintotraditionalsectors,blurringconventionalboundariesbetweenindustries.Asaresult,newbusinessmodelsandservice-orientedeconomyare