翻譯三級筆譯實務(wù)分類真題6

翻譯三級筆譯實務(wù)分類真題6SectionⅠEnglishChineseTranslation1.

TheprehistoricmonumentofStonehengestandstal（江南博哥）lintheBritishcountrysideasoneofthelastremnantsoftheNeolithicAge.Recentlyithasalsobecomethelatestsymbolofanotherera:thenewfiscalausterity.

Aplantoreplacethesite'srun-downvisitorscenterwithonealmostfivetimesbiggerandtocloseabusyroadthatrunsalongthe5,000-year-oldmonumenthadtobemothballedinJune.TheBritishgovernmenthadsuddenlywithdrawn￡10million,or$16million,infinancingfortheprojectaspartofabudgetausterity.

Stonehenge,onceatemplewithgiantstoneslabsalignedinacircletomarkthepassageofthesun,isamongthemostprominentvictimsofthegovernment'sspendingcuts.Thedecisionwasheavilycriticizedbylocallawmakers,especiallybecauseStonehenge,aUnescoWorldHeritagesite,waspartofLondon'ssuccessfulbidtohostthe2012OlympicGames.Theshabbyvisitorscentertherenowisalreadytoosmallforthe950,000peoplewhovisitStonehengeeachyear,letalonetheadditionalonslaughtoftouristsexpectedfortheGames,theofficialsays.

StonehengeisthebusiesttouristattractioninBritain'ssouthwest,toppingevenWindsorCastle.Butnomajorimprovementshavebeenmadetothefacilitiestheresincetheywerebuilt40yearsago.Fornow,portabletoiletsleadfromacrammedparkinglot,amakeshiftsouvenirshopinatent,aticketofficeoppositeasmallkioskthatsellscoffeeandsnacks.

Theoverhaulwasscheduledfornextspringin2011.Theplan,heldbyDentonCorkerMarshall,thearchitecturalfirm,wouldkeepthestonemonumentitselfunchanged.Butthecurrentticketofficeandshopwouldbedemolishedandanewvisitorscenterwouldbebuiltontheothersideofthemonument,about2.5kilometers,or1.5miles,fromthestones.Thecenterwouldhaveincludedashopalmostfivetimesthesizeofthecurrentone,aproperrestaurant,threetimesasmanyparkingspotsandanexhibitionspacetoprovidemoreinformationaboutStonehenge'shistory.

Atransitsystemwouldhaveshuttledvisitorsbetweenthecenterandthestoneswhilefootpathswouldhaveencouragedtouriststowalktothemonumentandexplorethesurroundingburialhills.Theclosedroadwouldbegrassedovertoimprovethesurroundinglandscape.

Lastyear,the￡27millionprojectwonthebackingofformerPrimeMinisterGordonBrown.Aftermorethan25yearsofbickeringwithlocalcommunitiesabouthowandwheretobuildthenewcenter,planningpermissionwasgrantedinJanuary.ConstructionwassupposedtostartandbecompletedintimefortheOlympics,buttheeconomicrecessionhaschanged.

Thenewprimeminister,DavidCameron,hasreversedmanyofhispredecessor'spromisesaspartofaprogramtocutmorethan￡99billionannuallyoveraperiodoffiveyearstohelptocloseagapingbudgetdeficit.ThefinancingforStonehengefellinthefirstroundofcuts,worthabout￡6.2billion,fromthebudgetforthecurrentyear,alongwithsupportforahospitalandtheBritishFilmInstitute.

EnglishHeritage,apartlygovernment-financedorganizationthatownsStonehengeandmorethan400otherhistoricsitesinthecountry,isnowaggressivelylookingforprivatedonations.Buttheeconomicdownturnhasmadetheendeavormoredifficult.

LoraineKnowles,Stonehenge'sprojectdirector,saidshewasdisappointedthatthegovernmenthadwithdrawnmoneywhilecontinuingtosupportmuseumsinLondon.ButshesaidshewashopefulthatEnglishHeritagecouldraisethemoneyelsewhere.Stonehenge,shesaid,couldthenalsobecome"ashiningexampleofhowphilanthropycouldwork."正確答案：英國巨石陣是史前神廟遺址，巨石高高矗立在一馬平川的英格蘭平原之上，屬新石器時代建筑遺跡。如今，巨石陣再次成為時代象征：英國的財政緊縮政策最近把矛頭指向了巨石陣。

巨石陣已歷經(jīng)五千年風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨。英國原本通過了一項整修計劃，按照該計劃，鑒于現(xiàn)在使用的游客中心早已破舊不堪，將新建游客中心，其面積將是現(xiàn)在的五倍；巨石陣附近那條繁忙的公路也將關(guān)閉。但是，在今年6月，為縮減開支，英國政府突然宣布取消對巨石陣整修項目總額達(dá)1000萬英鎊(折合1600萬美元)的撥款，整修計劃被迫擱淺。

巨石陣原是一座神廟，巨石呈環(huán)形排列，用以記錄太陽運行的軌跡?，F(xiàn)在，巨石陣項目成了英國政府削減開支計劃的主要目標(biāo)。巨石陣是著名世界遺產(chǎn)，英國倫敦2012年夏季奧運會中辦成功，巨石陣可謂功不可沒。正因如此，當(dāng)?shù)刈h員對政府削減巨石陣整修項目撥款的決定也予以痛批。議員們稱，巨石陣現(xiàn)在每年接待游客達(dá)95萬人，但現(xiàn)在使用的游客中心非常簡陋，早已應(yīng)接不暇，而倫敦奧運會期間游客數(shù)量料將激增，屆時游客中心就更加難以應(yīng)付了。

巨石陣是英國西南部最著名的旅游勝地，游客數(shù)量甚至超過了溫莎城堡。盡管如此，這里的游客接待設(shè)施自40年前建立以來從沒進(jìn)行過大修。現(xiàn)在，號點的洗手間還是便攜式的，停車場也是車滿為患，一個帳篷臨時將就作為紀(jì)念品商店，售票處對面就是出售咖啡、零食的小賣部。

按原計劃整修將從2011年春天開始動工。登頓·庫克·馬歇爾建筑事務(wù)所擔(dān)綱設(shè)計，整修不會對巨石陣本身做任何改動，現(xiàn)在的售票處和小賣部將被拆除，在巨石陣的另一側(cè)、距巨石陣2.5公里處將新建一個游客中心。按照計劃，新游客中心內(nèi)將建一個商店，面積是現(xiàn)在商店的五倍；建一個正規(guī)的餐廳；停車場將擴(kuò)容至現(xiàn)在的三倍；同時還將建一個展廳，方便游客更好地了解巨石陣的歷史。

新游客中心建成后，在游客中心和巨石陣之間將設(shè)有穿梭巴士，另有專門的步行道供游客徒步前往巨石陣和周邊墓葬山參觀。附近仍在使用的那條公路屆時將會關(guān)閉，改為草坪，以美化周邊環(huán)境。

去年，這項總額達(dá)2700萬英鎊的整修計劃獲得前首相戈登·布朗的支持。關(guān)于新游客中心如何修建及選址問題，有關(guān)方面與當(dāng)?shù)孛癖?5年來一直爭論不休，不過，在今年1月，整修計劃終獲通過。按照原計劃，整修計劃應(yīng)該已經(jīng)開工并趕在倫敦奧運會前竣工，但是此次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)使原計劃泡湯。

現(xiàn)在，英國預(yù)算赤字不斷增加，現(xiàn)任首相大衛(wèi)·卡梅倫計劃用五年時間彌補虧空，每年需要削減990億英鎊開支。為此，卡梅倫首相不得不改弦易轍，取消了前任政府通過的許多項目。本財年預(yù)算將首先削減開支62億英鎊，巨石陣撥款項目赫然在列，一家醫(yī)院和英國電影學(xué)會的資助計劃也一同被取消。

半官方機(jī)構(gòu)英格蘭遺產(chǎn)協(xié)會(EnglishHeritage)負(fù)責(zé)管理巨石陣和英國其他400多處歷史遺跡?，F(xiàn)在該協(xié)會正在積極尋求社會捐助，但是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退當(dāng)前，募捐談何容易。

巨石陣項目負(fù)責(zé)人羅瑞恩·諾爾斯說，本屆英國政府一方面取消了對巨石陣的撥款，另一方面卻繼續(xù)資助倫敦各個博物館，未免令人失望。不過，她對英格蘭遺產(chǎn)協(xié)會寄予厚望，希望協(xié)會能從其他渠道籌措到需要的資金。諾爾斯說，如果籌資一切順利的話，那么，巨石陣今后還可以成為“宣揚慈善精神的典范”。

2.

Thismonth,theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammadewaterandsanitationthecenterpieceofitsflagshippublication,theHumanDevelopmentReport.

Claimsofa"waterapartheid,"wherepoorpeoplepaymoreforwaterthantherich,areboundtoattractattention.Butwhataretheeconomicsbehindtheproblem,andhowcanitbefixed?Incountriesthathavetroubledeliveringcleanwatertotheirpeople,alackofinfrastructureisoftentheculprit.Peopleinareasthatarenotservedbypublicutilitieshavetorelyoncostlierwaysofgettingwater,suchasitinerantwatertrucksandtrekstowells.Paradoxically,asthewatersourcesgetcostlier,thewateritselftendstobemoredangerous.Waterpipedbyutilities—totherichandthepooralike—isusuallycleanerthanwatertruckedinorcollectedfromanoutdoortank.

Theproblemexistsnotonlyinruralareasbuteveninbigcities,saidHakanBjorkman,programdirectoroftheUNagencyinThailand.Further,subsidiesmadetolocalwatersystemsoftenendupbenefitingpeopleotherthanthepoor,headded.

Theagencyproposesathree-stepsolution.First,makeaccessto20liters,or5gallons,ofcleanwateradayahumanright.Next,makelocalgovernmentsaccountablefordeliveringthisservice.Last,investininfrastructuretolinkpeopletowatermains.Thereportsaysgovernments,especiallyindevelopingcountries,shouldspendatleast1percentofgrossdomesticproductonwaterandsanitation.Italsorecommendsthatforeignaidbemoredirectedtowardtheseproblems.Clearly,thisapproachreliesheavilyongovernmentintervention,somethingBjorkmanreadilyacknowledged.Buttherearesomemarket-basedapproachesaswell.

Byofferingcut-rateconnectionstopoorpeopletothewatermainline,theprivatewaterutilityinAbidjan,IvoryCoast,hassteadilyincreasedaccesstocleanwater,accordingtotheagency'sreport.Asubsidymaynotevenbenecessary,despitetheagency'sproposals,ifacountrycanharnesstheeconomicbenefitsofprovidingcleanwater.

Peoplewhoreceivecleanwateraremuchlesslikelytodiefromwater-bornediseases—acommonmaladyinthedevelopingworld—andmuchmorelikelytoenjoylong,productive,taxpayinglivesthatcanbenefittheirhostcountries.Soifagovernmentistryingtoraisefinancingtoinvestinnewinfrastructure,itmightfindreceptiveearsinprivatecreditmarkets—aslongasitcanharnessthereturn.Similarly,privatecompaniesmaycalculatethatitisworthbringingcleanwatertoanareaifitsresidentsarewillingtopaybacktheinvestmentovermanyyears.

Inthemeantime,somelocalsolutionsarebeingfound.InThailand,Bjorkmansaid,somesmallcommunitiesaretakingchallengeslikewateraccessuponthemselves."Peopleorganizethemselvesingroupstoleveragewhatlittleresourcestheyhavetohelptheircommunities,"hesaid."That'sespeciallytrueoutintheruralareas.Theyinvesttheirmoneyinrevolvingfundsandsavingschemes,andtheyinvestthemselvestoimprovetheirvillages."Itisnotalwayseasytotakethesesolutionsandreplicatetheminothercountries,though,Assemblingabroadmenuofdifferentapproachescanbethefirststepinfindingtherightsolutionforagivenregionorcountry.正確答案：聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署本月新發(fā)布的《人類發(fā)展報告》主題是水與衛(wèi)生。

現(xiàn)在有人將窮人獲取水資源成本高于富人的現(xiàn)象稱為“水隔離”，類似的說法必將引發(fā)關(guān)注。但是，這一問題涉及的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素有哪些?又該如何加以解決呢?在有些國家，人們無法充分獲得清潔用水，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善是首要原因。有些地區(qū)沒有公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，人們不得不從流動水車購水，或者長途跋涉到有水井的地方取水，由此推高他們獲取水資源的成本。更為荒謬的是，在獲取水資源的成本上升的同時，水質(zhì)卻在下降。自來水通常比流動水車或水井的水更加清潔，對于窮人和富人都是如此。

聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署泰國項目專員哈坎·比約克曼說，這一問題不僅僅涉及農(nóng)村地區(qū)，甚至連大城市也不例外。他還補充說，對地方水利部門提供的補貼受益者往往并不是窮人。

聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署提出了“三步走”的解決方案。第一步，將每天保證20升(折合5加侖)清潔用水列為一項人權(quán)。第二步，由地方政府負(fù)責(zé)落實上述目標(biāo)。第三步，投資修建供水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施?！度祟惏l(fā)展報告》指出，各國特別是發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)該至少拿出GDP的1%用于解決供水和衛(wèi)生設(shè)施問題。該報告還建議國外援助資金也應(yīng)向這方面傾斜，但比約克曼也明確指出，這顯然需要政府部門的引導(dǎo)才行。當(dāng)然，還有其他一些市場化解決方案。

該報告還指出，科特迪瓦首都阿比讓的一家私營水廠通過向窮人降價供水，逐步緩解了當(dāng)?shù)厍鍧嵱盟畣栴}。開發(fā)計劃署建議各國政府對供水系統(tǒng)提供補貼，但是，如果能保證供水企業(yè)獲得相當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的話，就沒必要再提供補貼了。

在發(fā)展中國家，水傳染疾病十分常見，但是如果能獲得清潔飲用水，人們死于水傳染疾病的幾率就會大大降低，人們的壽命延長了，生產(chǎn)力提高了，繳稅增多了，國家最終也能從中獲益。因此，只要國家能保證供水產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，就能吸引社會力量投資供水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。反過來說，私營供水企業(yè)如果確信在一個地區(qū)的投資能在多年后收回成本、具有投資價值的話，他們自然也樂意為之。

同時，人們也在不斷探索本土化解決方案。比約克曼說，在泰國，一些小型社區(qū)自發(fā)解決供水等社區(qū)面臨的難題。他說：“人們自發(fā)組織起來，利用有限的資源幫助社區(qū)解決問題，在農(nóng)村地區(qū)尤為如此。人們把錢投入周轉(zhuǎn)基金和存款計劃，并共同出力建設(shè)自己的村莊。不過，在其他國家實施、推廣這些解決方案并不總是一帆風(fēng)順。一個國家或地區(qū)要想找到可行的供水解決方案，第一步就是先要整合各種應(yīng)對之策。”

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

節(jié)選自2010年9月7日國家副主席習(xí)近平在聯(lián)合國貿(mào)發(fā)會的發(fā)言。

近年來，中國全面把握對外開放階段性特點，按照完善內(nèi)外聯(lián)動、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的要求，總結(jié)實踐中的成功經(jīng)驗，把“引進(jìn)來”和“走出去”更好地結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)新對外投資和合作方式，支持企業(yè)在研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、銷售等方面開展國際化經(jīng)營。目前，中國正在加快推進(jìn)各種形式的對外投資合作，培育發(fā)展中國的跨國公司，支持有實力的企業(yè)建立國際營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)境外基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)合作，規(guī)范發(fā)展對外勞務(wù)合作，積極推動境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)建設(shè)，緩解我國生產(chǎn)能力過剩、內(nèi)需不足的矛盾，推動國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型，帶動相關(guān)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)出口。

堅持對外開放基本國策，堅定不移地發(fā)展開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)、奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，是改革開放30多年來中國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的一條成功經(jīng)驗。招商引資、擇優(yōu)選資，促進(jìn)“引資”與“引智”相結(jié)合，是中國對外開放的重要內(nèi)容。

截至2010年7月，中國累計設(shè)立外商投資企業(yè)69.8萬家，實際使用外資1.05萬億美元。目前中國22%的稅收、28%的工業(yè)增加值、55%的進(jìn)出口、50%的技術(shù)引進(jìn)、約4500萬人的就業(yè)，都來自外商投資企業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)。對外開放、吸引外資是互利共贏的。對中國來說，通過持續(xù)吸引外資為國家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供了必要的資金、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和寶貴的管理經(jīng)驗以及眾多國際化人才。對外商投資企業(yè)來說，則贏得了可觀的投資回報，不少在華外商投資企業(yè)成為其母公司全球業(yè)務(wù)的增長亮點和利潤中心。正確答案：Inrecentyears,wehaveworkedinlinewiththecharacteristicsofthedifferentstagesofopening-up,andtherequirementstoimproveanopeneconomicsystemthatfocusesonbothdomesticandinternationalmarkets,thatpromoteswin-winandmutuallybeneficialcooperation,andthatemphasizessecurityandeffectiveness.Andwehaveactivelysummedupoursuccessfulexperienceinpastyears.Webettercoordinatedour"invitingin"and"goingglobal"strategies,adoptednewwaysofconductingoverseasinvestmentandcooperationandsupportedenterprisestodevelopinternationaloperationinresearchanddevelopment,productionanddistribution.Wearesteppingupeffortstofacilitatevariousformsofoverseasinvestmentcooperation,developourownmultinationalcompaniesandsupportwell-positionedenterprisestoestablishinternationalsalesdistributionnetworks.Weareworkingtostrengthenoverseasinfrastructureconstructioncooperation,anddevelopoverseaslaborcontractcooperationinawell-managedfashion.Andweareactivelyadvancingtheconstructionofoverseaseconomicandtradecooperationzones.Ouraimistoalleviatethetensionsbetweenovercapacityandweakdomesticdemand,stimulateindustrialtransformationathomeand,atthesametime,promoteexportsofrelevantproductsandservices.

Tofollowthebasicstatepolicyofopening-up,unswervinglydevelopanopeneconomyandpursueawin-winstrategyofopening-upisausefulexperiencethathasunderpinnedthesustainedandrapiddevelopmentoftheChineseeconomyoverthepast30yearsandmore.Toattractforeigninvestment,pickcompetitiveforeigninvestorsandbringin"financialresources"and"intellectualresources"bothatthesametimeisanimportantelementofChina'sopening-uppolicy.

ByJuly2010,atotalof698,000foreign-investedenterpriseshadbeenestablishedinChina,registeringapaid-incapitalofUS$1.05trillion.Today,inChina,22%oftaxrevenues,28%ofaddedindustrialvalue,55%offoreigntrade,50%oftechnologyimportandsome45millionjobopportunitiesarecontributedbyforeign-investedenterprises.Openingtotheoutsideworldandattractingforeigninvestmentaremutuallybeneficialandcomplementary.ForChina,continuedintroductionofforeigninvestmenthasprovidednecessaryfund,advancedtechnologiesandvaluablemanagerialexpertiseandmanyglobal-mindedtalentstosupportthecountry'smodernizationdrive.Forforeignenterprises,investinginChinahasgeneratedhandsomereturns.Manyforeign-investedenterprisesinChinahavebecomethegrowthenginesandprofitcentersoftheirparentcompanies'globalbusiness.

Inrecentyears,Chinahasworkedtobalance"bringingin"and"goingglobal"asanopeneconomythatintegratesdomesticandinternationalmarketsforwin-winresultsandhighlightssecurityandefficiency.IncentiveshavebeengiventoforeignbusinessestoengageinR&D,productionandsalesinChina.Atthemoment,Chinaisfosteringhome-grownmultinationalsbyencouragingfull-fledged/well-placed/well-positionedChinesebusinessestoestablishglobalmarketingnetworksandseekpartnershipsininfrastructureprojectsoverseas.Chinaisalsoupgradingindustriesasawaytoboostexportsofgoodsandservices.Thepastmorethan30yearsofreformandopening-uphaveseenChinakeepitseconomystrongandgrowing.OnekeycontributingfactorbehindChina'shugesuccessisitsenduringcommitmenttoopenwidertotheoutsideworldforwin-winscenarios.AspartofChina'sopening-upprogram,Chinahasworkedtobringinmorebutselectiveinvestmentsandtalentsalike.

AsofJuly2010,698,000foreigncompanieshavebeenincorporatedinChinawithatotalpaid-ininvestmentofUS$1.05trillion.Atthemoment,foreign-fundedbusinessesinChinacontribute22%oftaxrevenue,28%oftotalindustrialaddedvalue,55%oftotalforeigntradevolume,and50%oftechnologyimports.Together,theyhire/employabout45millionpeopleinChina.

Opening-upandforeigninvestmentincentivesleadtowin-winoutcomes.ForChina'spart,sustainedinflowofforeigncapitalhasbroughtChinamuch-neededfunds,state-of-the-arttechnology,cutting-edgemanagerialknow-howandalargepooloftalentswithinternationalexposure.Asfarasforeigninvestorsareconcerned,theirpresenceinthelucrativemarkethasgeneratedhandsomereturns.QuiteanumberofforeignbusinessesactiveinChinahaveemergedasnewgrowthdriversandleadingsourceofprofitability/profitcentersfortheirparentcompanies.

2.

即使遇到豐收年景，對中國來說，要用世界7%的耕地養(yǎng)活全球1/5的人口仍是一項艱巨的任務(wù)。

中國政府面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)，最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)之一就是耕地流失。過去幾年中，平均每年有66.7萬公頃耕地被城市擴(kuò)建、工業(yè)發(fā)展以及公路建設(shè)工程占用，另有1萬平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。中國北方地區(qū)地下水位下降，農(nóng)民不得不改種耐旱、低產(chǎn)作物，甚至撂荒。同時，農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施損耗嚴(yán)重，2/3的灌溉設(shè)施需要整修。

由于農(nóng)民為增加收入而改種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式正在轉(zhuǎn)變。過去十幾年，全國水果和蔬菜種植面積平均每年增加130萬公頃。因此，水稻、玉米及小麥產(chǎn)量急劇下降。中國已由糧食凈出口國變?yōu)榧Z食凈進(jìn)口國。

中國政府把農(nóng)業(yè)改革視為頭等大事，