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專題14函數(shù)的圖象(二)考點一函數(shù)圖象的變換一、單選題1.為了得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,只需把函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象上的所有點(
)A.向左平移2個單位長度,再向上平移2個單位長度B.向右平移2個單位長度,再向下平移2個單位長度C.向左平移1個單位長度,再向上平移1個單位長度D.向右平移1個單位長度,再向上平移1個單位長度【解析】A選項,向左平移2個單位長度,再向上平移2個單位長度,得到SKIPIF1<0,錯誤;B選項,向右平移2個單位長度,再向下平移2個單位長度得到SKIPIF1<0,錯誤;C選項,向左平移1個單位長度,再向上平移1個單位長度得到SKIPIF1<0,錯誤;D選項,向右平移1個單位長度,再向上平移1個單位長度得到SKIPIF1<0,正確.故選:D2.要得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,只需將指數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象(
)A.向左平移1個單位 B.向右平移1個單位C.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位 D.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位【解析】由SKIPIF1<0向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位,則SKIPIF1<0.故選:D3.為了得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,只需將SKIPIF1<0的圖象(
)A.向右平移1個單位,再向下平移2個單位B.向右平移1個單位,再向上平移2個單位C.向左平移1個單位,再向上平移2個單位D.向左平移1個單位,再向下平移2個單位【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以為了得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,只需將SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移1個單位,得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,再向上平移2個單位,得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,即SKIPIF1<0的圖象.故選:B.4.為了得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像,只需將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像(
)A.向右平移3個單位,再向上平移2個單位B.向左平移3個單位,再向下平移2個單位C.向右平移3個單位,再向下平移2個單位D.向左平移3個單位,再向上平移2個單位【解析】SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為了得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像,只需將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像,向右平移3個單位,再向上平移2個單位,故選:SKIPIF1<0.5.要得到SKIPIF1<0的圖像,只要將SKIPIF1<0的圖像(
)A.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位 B.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位C.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位 D.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位后得到SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.6.把函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象上所有點的橫坐標(biāo)都伸長為原來的2倍,縱坐標(biāo)不變,再把圖象向右平移2個單位長度,此時圖象對應(yīng)的函數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象上所有點的橫坐標(biāo)都伸長為原來的2倍,可得SKIPIF1<0的圖象,再把圖象向右平移2個單位長度,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的圖象,故最小正周期SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:C7.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示,則SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象是(
)A. B.C. D.【解析】在SKIPIF1<0軸左側(cè)作函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱的圖象,得到偶函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,向左平移一個單位得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象.故選:A.8.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移一個單位長度,所的圖象與曲線SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因為與曲線SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱的曲線為SKIPIF1<0,向右平移1個單位得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.二、解答題9.利用函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,作出下列各函數(shù)的圖象.(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0(3)SKIPIF1<0;(4)SKIPIF1<0;(5)SKIPIF1<0;(6)SKIPIF1<0.【解析】(1)把SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖,
(2)保留SKIPIF1<0圖象在SKIPIF1<0軸右邊部分,去掉SKIPIF1<0軸左側(cè)的,并把SKIPIF1<0軸右側(cè)部分關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖,
(3)把SKIPIF1<0圖象向下平移一個單位得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖,
(4)結(jié)合(3),保留SKIPIF1<0上方部分,然后把SKIPIF1<0下方部分關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸翻折得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖,
(5)把SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖,
(6)把SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移一個單位得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖,
10.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0定義在SKIPIF1<0上的圖象如圖所示,請分別畫出下列函數(shù)的圖象:
(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0;(3)SKIPIF1<0;(4)SKIPIF1<0;(5)SKIPIF1<0;(6)SKIPIF1<0.【解析】(1)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移一個單位可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖:
(2)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向上平移一個單位可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象如圖:
(3)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象如圖:
(4)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖:
(5)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象在SKIPIF1<0軸上方圖象保留,下方的圖象沿SKIPIF1<0軸翻折到SKIPIF1<0軸上方可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖:
(6)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象在SKIPIF1<0軸左邊的圖象去掉,在SKIPIF1<0軸右邊的圖象保留,并將右邊圖象沿SKIPIF1<0軸翻折到SKIPIF1<0軸左邊得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,其圖象如圖:
考點二利用函數(shù)圖象解決不等式問題一、單選題1.如圖為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為()
A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由圖象可得當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,此時需滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0符合要求,故SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,此時需滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0符合要求,故SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.2.將SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移2個單位長度后得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】依題設(shè)可知SKIPIF1<0,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,分別作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖,由圖可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0.故原不等式的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的奇函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】如圖,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上分別單調(diào)遞增,可得SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0.因為SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的奇函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是SKIPIF1<0.
故選:D.4.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題知SKIPIF1<0在同一坐標(biāo)系下畫出SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0圖象如下所示:
由圖可知SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域為R,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,則SKIPIF1<0的解集為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞減,則可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象,如下圖:所以由不等式SKIPIF1<0可得,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,故不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的解集是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】根據(jù)題意當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖,在同一坐標(biāo)系中作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖象可得不等式SKIPIF1<0解集為SKIPIF1<0,故選:C二、多選題7.設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域為R,滿足SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,若對任意SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0,則實數(shù)m的取值可以是(
)A.3 B.4 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域為R,滿足SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)部分圖象如圖所示,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,因為對任意SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0,所以由圖可知SKIPIF1<0,故選:ABC8.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的偶函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示,則滿足不等式SKIPIF1<0的x可能是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.0 C.1 D.2【解析】由題得SKIPIF1<0,在同一坐標(biāo)系中畫出SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的圖象,結(jié)合圖象可知B,C正確.故選:BC9.定義在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則使得SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恒成立的m可以是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意可知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以m的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,故選:AB10.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0.記SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,若不等式SKIPIF1<0恒有解,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值可以是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意可知:若不等式SKIPIF1<0恒有解,只需SKIPIF1<0即可.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0令SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0;令SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0;①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0大致圖象如下圖所示,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,不合題意;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0大致圖象如下圖所示,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增;又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0若SKIPIF1<0,則需SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0;綜上所述:實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0AB錯誤,CD正確.故選:CD.三、填空題11.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是______.【解析】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下,
由圖可知,滿足不等式SKIPIF1<0的SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0,所以,不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是SKIPIF1<0.12.不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為________.【解析】作出SKIPIF1<0,(其中SKIPIF1<0)的圖象,如圖,
SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,兩個函數(shù)均過點SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由圖可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.13.定義在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0.若對任意SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0,則t的取值范圍是__________.【解析】因為當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,即SKIPIF1<0時,由SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,同理可得SKIPIF1<0依此類推,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖所示:由圖象知:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,對任意SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0,14.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則實數(shù)a的范圍是____________.【解析】要SKIPIF1<0恒成立,只需函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象始終在直線SKIPIF1<0的上方(除交點外).如圖所示:若直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象相切時,即SKIPIF1<0只有一解,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,由圖可知,此時直線SKIPIF1<0斜率為負(fù)數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0(舍去),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,其圖象為雙曲線的一部分,SKIPIF1<0圖象的漸近線為SKIPIF1<0故SKIPIF1<0時,直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0平行,由圖可知,當(dāng)直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率滿足SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0恒成立.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.四、解答題15.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)在給出的坐標(biāo)系中畫出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像;(2)若關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立,求實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【解析】(1)由題得,SKIPIF1<0,畫出SKIPIF1<0的圖像如圖所示:(2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,畫出SKIPIF1<0的大致圖像,由圖像知,若SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.16.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)在坐標(biāo)系中作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下:(2)方法一:記SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0為恒過定點SKIPIF1<0的直線,如圖所示,SKIPIF1<0.數(shù)形結(jié)合易得滿足條件SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0;方法二:SKIPIF1<0恒成立,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,不等式為SKIPIF1<0恒成立,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,不等式為SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,綜上,實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.考點三利用函數(shù)圖象解決方程的根與交點問題一、單選題1.方程SKIPIF1<0的解的個數(shù)是(
).A.0個 B.1個 C.2個 D.3個【解析】分別作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象,由圖可知,有2個交點,所以方程SKIPIF1<0的解的個數(shù)是2,故選:C2.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個不同的零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個不同的零點,即為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0有兩個交點,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象如圖所示:所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:D.3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的解SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0.先作SKIPIF1<0圖象,由圖象可得SKIPIF1<0因此SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0.故選:A4.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象和函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的交點的個數(shù)為(
)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【解析】如圖,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖可知,兩個函數(shù)的圖象有3個交點.故選:C.5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為(
)A.0或1 B.1或2 C.1或3 D.2或3【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)圖象交點個數(shù)問題,畫出SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如下:故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為2或3.故選:D6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0恰有5個不同的實根,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像如圖所示,由圖知SKIPIF1<0的圖像與SKIPIF1<0有兩個交點,若關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0恰有5個不同的實根,則SKIPIF1<0的圖像與SKIPIF1<0有三個公共點,所以SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.7.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的實數(shù)根,則實數(shù)a的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,該直線恒過點SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的實數(shù)根如圖作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,結(jié)合函數(shù)圖象,則SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0有兩個不同的公共點,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0有兩個不等實根,令SKIPIF1<0,實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.8.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0有兩個實根,且兩實根之和小于0,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,易知方程SKIPIF1<0總有一個實根為0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0沒有非零實根.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增如圖所示,作出兩函數(shù)的大致圖像,可知坐標(biāo)原點為兩個圖像的公共點.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖像在原點處相切,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖像在原點處相切,此時方程SKIPIF1<0僅有一個實根0.結(jié)合圖像可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,方程另有一正根,不合題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,方程另有一負(fù)根,符合題意.故滿足條件的SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.9.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像所有交點的橫坐標(biāo)之和等于(
)A.8 B.10 C.12 D.14【解析】
函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像有公共對稱軸SKIPIF1<0,分別做出兩個函數(shù)的圖像如圖所示,由圖像可知,兩個函數(shù)共有12個交點,且關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱,則所有交點的橫坐標(biāo)之和為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C10.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有6個不同的零點,且最小的零點為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.6 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.2 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,經(jīng)過沿SKIPIF1<0軸翻折變換,可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,再經(jīng)過向右平移1個單位,可得SKIPIF1<0的圖象,最終經(jīng)過沿SKIPIF1<0軸翻折變換,可得SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如下圖:
則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由圖可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有SKIPIF1<0個零點,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有SKIPIF1<0個零點,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有6個不同的零點,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個零點,一個等于SKIPIF1<0,一個大于SKIPIF1<0,又因為SKIPIF1<0的最小的零點為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個零點,一個等于SKIPIF1<0,一個等于SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)韋達(dá)定理得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.二、多選題11.關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0,給出下列四個判斷:其中正確的為(
)A.存在實數(shù)k,使得方程恰有4個不同的實根;B.存在實數(shù)k,使得方程恰有5個不同的實根;C.存在實數(shù)k,使得方程恰有6個不同的實根;D.存在實數(shù)k,使得方程恰有8個不同的實根;【解析】由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0①,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0作出SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)圖象如圖所示:
由圖象可知:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時,關(guān)于t的方程SKIPIF1<0只有1解,不妨設(shè)為SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,而關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0有兩解,故方程①有2個解;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時,關(guān)于t的方程SKIPIF1<0有兩解,不妨設(shè)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,而關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0有兩解,故方程①有4個解;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,關(guān)于t的方程SKIPIF1<0有三解,且其中一解為SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)三個解為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,而關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0只有1解,關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0有兩解,故方程①有5個解;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,當(dāng)關(guān)于t的方程SKIPIF1<0有三解,不妨設(shè)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,而關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0有兩解,故方程①有6個解.綜上所述,存在實數(shù)k,滿足選項ABC故選:ABC12.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0有四個不等實根SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0),則下列說法正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0最小值為2【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0,易知,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,其圖像如圖所示,因為方程SKIPIF1<0有四個不等實根SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,由圖易知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對稱性得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選項A正確,選項B錯誤;選項C,因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,兩式相加得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選項C正確;選項D,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時取等號,又易知SKIPIF1<0,所以取不到等號,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選項D錯誤.故選:AC.13.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0有兩解,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值可能為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0.方程SKIPIF1<0的根的個數(shù)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的交點個數(shù),可得:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0沒有交點;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0有且僅有1個交點;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0有且僅有2個交點;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0有且僅有1個交點;若關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0有兩解,即SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0有且僅有2個交點,所以實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,而A、C不在相關(guān)區(qū)間內(nèi),所以A、C錯誤,B、D正確.故選:BD.
14.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰好有4個不同的零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值可以是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.0 D.2【解析】由題意可知:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0;若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰好有4個不同的零點,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有兩個零點,可得:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0;可得SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0均有兩個不同的實根,即SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0均有兩個交點,不論SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系,則SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述:實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.且SKIPIF1<0,故A、D錯誤,B、C正確.故選:BC.
三、填空題15.已知定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有實數(shù)解,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為__________.【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,畫出SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下:
由圖象可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,方程SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有實數(shù)解,所以實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.16.已知SKIPIF1<0,若關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0有五個相異的實數(shù)根,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是______.【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)題意和函數(shù)圖象可知,SKIPIF1<0有兩個根,則SKIPIF1<0有3個根,SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示,
結(jié)合圖象可知,要使方程SKIPIF1<0有3個根,則有SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.17.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0有2個不同的零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是____.【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.綜上可得,
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