情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-文檔

ModalVerb（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征

不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ),后接動(dòng)詞原形。oughtto,haveto除外。沒(méi)有人稱(chēng),數(shù)的變化,can,will等有一般時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有意義表示能力,指有能力做某事,譯為“能夠”。----Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.----Inthepast,peoplecouldnotcountaswedonow.(could表示過(guò)去的能力)與beableto的區(qū)別:①時(shí)態(tài)can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí),而beableto有更多形式。與beableto的區(qū)別:②成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作,用was/wereableto=managedtodo/succeededindoing表示經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力,終于能夠完成某事。----Thefirespreadthroughthebuildingquickly,buteveryonewasabletogetout.can/could的用法

2.表示請(qǐng)求或允許,譯為“可否”。----Can/Couldyouturndowntheradio?(Could較客氣)----Youcanleaveittome.----Heaskedmeifhecouldusemymobilephone.回答:Yes,youcan.(肯定)No,youcan’t.(否定)3.Cannot…too…譯為“無(wú)論怎樣…也不為過(guò);越…越好”。----Youcannotbetoocarefulwhiledrivingacaronsuchadarknight.can/could的用法

表示許可。=beallowedtodo----Youmaygonow.----May/MightIdancewithyou?回答:Yes,youmay/can.No,youmustn’t.2.表示推測(cè),只用于肯定句。----Shemay/mightcomeheretomorrow.(may比might可能性大一些)----Theymaybestillwaitingforus.3.用于祈使句,表示祝愿。----Mayyousucceed!4.may/mightaswell用于提出建議,譯為“最好”。----Youmay/mightaswellstayathometonight.may/might的用法

1.表示義務(wù),譯為“必須”、“一定要”。----Youmusthandinyourhomework.----MustIbooktheticketsinadvance?回答:Yes,youmust.(肯定)No,youneedn’t./don’thaveto.(否定)與haveto的區(qū)別:①時(shí)態(tài)must沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化,而haveto有各種時(shí)態(tài)。②must強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀看法,haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)外在的客觀需要,譯為“不得不”。----Wemustobeythetrafficrules.----Sinceitisraining,shehastostayindoors.

③否定意義不同mustn’t表示禁止,譯為“不準(zhǔn)”、“不允許”。don’thaveto譯為“不必”。----Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.----Youdon’thavetocallbacktonight.must的用法

2.表示推測(cè),只用于肯定句,譯為“肯定”。否定為can’t,譯為“不可能”。現(xiàn)在:mustdo/mustbedoing過(guò)去:musthavedone----Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetirednow.----Theyareplayingbasketball.Theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework.----Thedoorislocked.Shecan’tbeathome.(當(dāng)前推測(cè))----Isawhimjustnowsohecan’t/couldn’thavegoneabroad.(過(guò)去的推測(cè))must的用法

表示“應(yīng)該”。=oughtto----Youshould/oughttoworkhard.2.should表驚訝,惋惜,譯為“竟然”。----Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetoyou.----Ididn’texpectthatheshouldhavefinishedthejobaheadoftime.should的用法

考點(diǎn)聚焦1.musthavedone“肯定做過(guò)…”Hedidn’tcometoworkyesterday.Hemusthavebeenill.Whereismyumbrella?Imusthaveleftitonthebus.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone注意:反意疑問(wèn)句一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)決定。Hemusthaveattendedtheconcert,__________?Hemusthaveattendedtheconcertyesterday,__________?hasn’the

didn’the情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone2.can’t/couldn’thavedone“不可能做過(guò)…”Billyisanhonestman.Hecan’t/couldn’thavestolenthemoney.IwenttoQingdaolastmonth.Youcan’t/couldn’thaveseenmeLastFriday.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone3.may/mighthavedone“可能做過(guò)…”Thereisatrafficaccident.Someonemay/mighthavebeeninjured.Hisfaceturnsred.Hemay/mighthavedrunktoomuch.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone4.couldhavedone“本可以做到…”(事實(shí)上沒(méi)做到)Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthedidn’tgooverhislessons.5.should/oughttohavedone“本應(yīng)該做過(guò)…”(事實(shí)上沒(méi)去做)Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.Ioughttohavehelpedhimout,butIwasbusy.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone6.needn’thavedone“本不必要做…”(事實(shí)上做了)Youneedn’thavewokenmeupsoearly,fortodayisSunday.7.didn’tneedtodo“本不必要做…”(事實(shí)上也沒(méi)去做)Ididn’tneedtodothewashing-up.Mymomdidit.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone11.Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI_____thejourneyinexactlytwodays.(TEM4-2005-57)A.mustmakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmake12._____you_____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(TEM4-2005-63)A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.should,haveD.Incase,had13.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone_____anopportunitytohearthespeech.(TEM4-2006-56)A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhave14.Iamsurprised_____thiscityisadullplacetolivein.(TEM4-2006-57)A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhichyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking15.“You_____borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,”Itoldmyfriend.(TEM4-2007-53)A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.canCCDAD16.She_____fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.(TEM4-2007-53)A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeen17.HadJudbeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_____muchbetterresultsnow.(TEM4-2008-52)A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget18.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses“probability”?(TEM4-2008-52)A.Youmustleaveimmediately.B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.C.Yo