英語語法倒裝句

英語語法倒裝句英語語法倒裝句倒裝是一種語法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種完全倒裝和部分倒裝。1倒裝句之全部倒裝全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首,謂語動詞常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.2倒裝句之部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語之前。1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.當(dāng)Notuntil引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidntleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.典型例題1)WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit答案A.這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本題的正常語序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D中選一個(gè)。改寫為正常語序?yàn)椋琈andidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。3以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…thanNotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.典型例題Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but(also),nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when等等。注意只有當(dāng)Notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.4so,neither,nor作部分倒裝表示也、也不的句子要部分倒裝。TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.典型例題---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idontknow,_____.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso答案B.nor為增補(bǔ)意思也不關(guān)心，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用dont再次否定，Cneither用法不對且缺乏連詞。D缺乏連詞。注意當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為的確如此。TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.---Itsraininghard.---Soitis.5only在句首要倒裝的情況Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.6as,though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞,副詞,分詞,實(shí)義動詞提前）。注意1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。2)句首是實(shí)義動詞,其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。7其他部分倒裝1)so…that句型中的so位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中Mayyouallbehappy.3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were,had,should等詞，可將if省略，把were,had,should移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.典型例題1）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatisA.mandidknowB.manknewC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow答案為D.否定詞Not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。2）NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealize答案為B。3)DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idontknow,___.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso解析答案為B.句中的nor引出部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示也不。由so,neither,nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。完全倒裝用法歸納完全倒裝，即將謂語移到主語前。英語中構(gòu)成完全倒裝的情形主要有：1.以here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等方向性副詞開頭的句子，且句子主語是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。如：Herecomesthebus.公共汽車來了。Nowcomesyourturn.現(xiàn)在該你了。Thencameanewdifficulty.這時(shí)又產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)新的困難。ThedooropenedandincameMrLi.門開了，李先生進(jìn)了來。注：若主語為代詞，則不用倒裝。如(from/doc/f513916218.html,)：Thedooropenedandinshecame.門開了，她走了進(jìn)來。2.將表語和地點(diǎn)狀語(多為介詞短語)置于句首加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后通常用倒?fàn)钫Z序。如：AmongthemwasmyfriendJim.他們當(dāng)中就有我的朋友吉姆。Aroundthelakearesometalltree.湖的四周有些高樹。注：在表語置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。完全倒裝的四種主要類型1.here和there位于句首時(shí)的倒裝表示地點(diǎn)的here和there位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝形式。這類倒裝句的謂語通常是動詞be和come,go等表示移動或動態(tài)的不及物動詞：Here’sTom.湯姆在這里。There’sJim.吉姆在那兒。Herecomesthebus.公共汽車來了。Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Theregoesthelasttrain.最后一班火車開走了?！咀⒁狻?1)以上倒裝句中的謂語動詞come和go不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，即不能說Hereiscomingthebus。(2)若主語為代詞，則不倒裝：HereIam.我在這兒。/我來了。Hereitcomes.它來了。(3)其中的動詞有時(shí)也可能是stand,lie,live等表示狀態(tài)的動詞(表示存在)：Therestoodadeskagainstthewall.靠墻放著一張書桌。OnceuponatimetherelivedamanknownbythenameofBeef.從前有個(gè)人名叫比夫。2.away和down等位于句首時(shí)的倒裝地點(diǎn)副詞away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up等位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句的謂語通常表示動態(tài)的不及物動詞：Awaywenttherunners.賽跑選手們跑遠(yuǎn)了。Roundandroundflewtheplane.飛機(jī)盤旋著。ThedooropenedandincameMrSmith.門開了，史密斯先生進(jìn)了來。Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas.下雨了，傘都撐起來了?！咀⒁狻咳糁髡Z為人稱代詞，則不能用倒裝：Awayhewent.他跑遠(yuǎn)了。Downitcame.它掉了下來。3.狀語或表語位于句首時(shí)的倒裝為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密，有時(shí)可將狀語或表語置于句首，句中主語和謂語完全倒裝：AmongthesepeoplewashisfriendJim.他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當(dāng)中。Bythewindowsatayoungmanwithamagazineinhishand.窗戶邊坐著一個(gè)年輕人，手里拿著一本雜志?！咀⒁狻?from/doc/f513916218.html,)在表語置于句首的這類倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。比較：Intheboxwasacat.箱子里是一只貓。Intheboxweresomecats.箱子里是一些貓。4.分詞和不定式置于句首的倒裝有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝：Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.一個(gè)古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。Standingbesidethetablewashiswife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.下列問題要仔細(xì)考慮。英語部分倒裝用法歸納1.否定副詞位于句首時(shí)的倒裝在正式文體中，never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,nolonger,nowhere等含有否定意義的副詞若位于句首，則其后要用部分倒裝：Ishallneverforgivehim./NevershallIforgivehim.我永遠(yuǎn)不會寬恕他。Heseldomgoesoutfordinner./Seldomdoeshegooutfordinner.他很少出去吃飯。Shehardlyhastimetolistentomusic./Hardlydoesshehavetimetolistentomusic.她幾乎沒時(shí)間聽音樂。Helittlerealizeshowimportantthismeetingis./Littledoesherealizehowimportantthismeetingis.他不甚明白這個(gè)會議的重要性。Wehadnosoonerreachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff./Nosoonerhadwereachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff.我們剛到機(jī)場,飛機(jī)就起飛了?！咀⒁狻?1)對于not…until句型，當(dāng)notuntil…位于句首時(shí)，其后的主句要用倒裝語序：Hedidn’tleavetheroomuntiltherainstopped./Notuntiltherainstoppeddidheleavetheroom.雨停了之后他才離開這房間。(2)某些起副詞作用的介詞短語，由于含有否定詞，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒裝：Onnoaccountsmustthisswitchbetouched.這個(gè)開關(guān)是絕不能觸摸的。In[Under]nocircumstanceswillIlendmoneytohim.無論如何我也不會再借錢給他了。但是，innotime(立即，馬上)位于句首時(shí)，其后無需用倒裝語序：Innotimeheworkedouttheproblem.他馬上就算出了那道題。2.“only+狀語”位于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)一個(gè)狀語受副詞only的修飾且置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝語序：Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.到那時(shí)他才意識到他錯(cuò)了。Onlyinthiswayareyouabletodoitwell.你只有用這種方法才能把它做好。Onlywhenhereturnedhomedidherealizewhathadhappened.當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí)，才知道出了什么事。3.“so+adj./adv.”位于句首時(shí)的倒裝副詞so后接形容詞或副詞位于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝：Socoldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。Sofastdoeslighttravelthatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.光速很快，我們幾乎沒法想像它的速度。Sosuddenwastheattackthatwehadnotimetoescape.襲擊來得非常突然，我們來不及逃跑。4.“so+助動詞+主語”倒裝當(dāng)要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合于后者，通常就要用“So+助動詞+主語”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：YouareyoungandsoamI.你年輕，我也年輕。ShelikesmusicandsodoI.她喜歡音樂，我也喜歡。Ifhecandoit,socanI.要是他能做此事，我也能?！咀⒁狻?from/doc/f513916218.html,)(1)若前面提出某一否定的情況，要表示后者也屬于同樣的否定情況，則應(yīng)將其中的so改為neither或nor：Youaren’tyoungandneitheramI.你不年輕，我也不年輕。Shehasn’treaditandnorhaveI.她沒有讀它，我也沒有讀。(2)注意該結(jié)構(gòu)與表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或同意的“so+主語+特殊動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別："Itwascoldyesterday.""Soitwas."“昨天很冷?！薄暗拇_很冷?！?Father,youpromised.""Well,soIdid."“爸爸，你答應(yīng)過的。”“嗯，是答應(yīng)過?！?.由notonly…butalso引出的倒裝當(dāng)notonly…butalso位于句首引出句子時(shí)，notonly后的句子通常用部分倒裝形式：Notonlyisheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.他不僅是一位教師，而且是一位詩人。Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不費(fèi)勁了。6.虛擬條件句的省略與倒裝當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had,were,should等時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had,were,should等移到主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝句：Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.若你昨天來，你就會見到他了。Shouldyourequireanythinggivemearing.如果需要什么，可以給我打電話。Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldstillbehomeless.要不是你幫助，我會仍然無家可歸。【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助動詞：HadImoney,Iwouldbuyit.假若我有錢，我就會買它。倒裝練習(xí)1.Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdata______cometoasoundconclusion.a.canyoub.youcanc.wouldyoud.youwould2.______thatthisregionwassorichinnaturalresources.a.Littleheknewb.Littledidheknowa.Littlehedidknowd.Littlehehadknown3.Neveragain______politicalofficeafterhis1928defeatforthepresidency.a.AlfredE.Smithseriouslysoughtb.seriouslyAlfredE.Smithsoughtc.whendidAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseekd.didAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseek4.Onlyinrecentyears______beguntorealizethatwilddogs,keptwithinbounds,oftendomoregoodthanharm.a.peoplehaveb.sincepeoplehavec.havepeopled.peoplewhohave5._______,wewerenotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.a.Whatmaycomeb.Comewhatmayc.Maywhatcomed.Whatcome6.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoice______hishead.a.thatheturnedb.didheturnc.hedidn’tturnd.hehadturned7.______receivedlawdegreesastoday.a.Neversowomenhaveb.Thewomenaren’teverc.Womenwhohaveneverd.Neverhavesomanywomen8.Heatdoesnottravelbyconvectioninsolid,becausethesoliddoesnotmove,______.a.sodoesaliquidb.soaliquiddoesc.asdoesaliquidd.soisaliquid9.Onnoaccount______toanyone.a.mynamemustbementionedb.mustmynamementionc.mustmynamebementionedd.mynamemustmention10.______thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.a.Suchconstructionrobotsarecleverb.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsarec.Socleveraretheconstructionrobotsd.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare11.______dowegoforpicnics.a.Certainlyb.Sometimesc.Seldomd.Once12.______isitonlytheignorantandill-educatedpersonwhohassuchfaithinthebottleofmedicine.a.Eitherb.Oftenc.Nord.Usually13.Heranswerisnotacceptable,and______.a.neitheramIb.eitherisminec.neitherismined.mineisneither14.______,Imustdoanotherexperiment.a.Beiteversolateb.Itiseversolatec.Itbeeversolated.Solateitbeever15.Sofast______thatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.a.lighttravelb.travelsthelightc.dolighttraveld.doeslighttravel16.Asneezecannotbeperformedvoluntarily,______beeasilysuppressed.a.noritcanb.norcanitc.itcannotd.andcannotit17.______notebookandreportthatIpromisedyoulastweek.a.Hereistheb.Herearethec.Isherethed.Areherethe18.______alittlemoretimetothink,hemighthaveactedmoresensibly.a.Ifhetookb.Ifhehastakenc.hadhetakend.Shouldhetake19.Beneathourfeet______thatourlifedependsonforfoodandclothing.a.theearthlayb.theearthliesc.lietheearthd.liestheearth20.______thebeginningofthe19thcenturydidscientistsknowthatallmatterismadeupofatoms.a.Atb.Byc.Uptod.Notuntil21.Hardly______hegotoutofthecourt______thereportersraisedalotofquestionstohim.a.had…whenb.had…thanc.did…whend.has…than22.Amongthesebooks______adictionarythathisfathergavehimasabirthdaypresent.a.haveincludedb.isincludedc.hasincludedd.areincluded23.Nolongerarecontributionstocomputertechnologyconfinedtoanyonecountry;______isthismoretruethaninEurope.a.nowhereb.hardlyc.littled.seldom24.Important______hisdiscoverywas,itwasregardedasamatterofnoaccountinhistime.a.tob.forc.asd.although25.Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.a.thereseemtobeb.itseemsc.itseemstobed.hereseems26.Here______youwanttosee.a.themanagercomesb.comesthemanagerc.comesamanagerd.iscomingamanager27.Barrycanhardlydriveacar,______.a.socan’tMollyb.can’tMollyeitherc.Mollycan’ttood.neithercanMolly28._______fortheleadershipoftheParty,weshouldnothavesucceeded.a.Hadnotitbeenb.Haditnotbeenc.Therewasd.Isthere29.______noairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld.a.Werethereb.Therearec.Therewasd.Isthere30.Notonly______thedatafedintoit,butitcanalsoanalyzethem.a.thecomputercanmemorizeb.canthecomputermemorizec.dothecomputermemorized.canmemorizethecomputer31.Notonce______hisviewoflife.a.didthegentlemanmentionb.thegentlemanmentionedthatc.thegentlemanmentionedd.doesgentlemanmentioned32.Bynomeans______theirownlanguagewell.a.itistruethatallEnglishpeopleknowb.isittruethatdoallEnglishpeopleknowc.itistruethatdoallEnglishpeopleknowd.isittruethatallEnglishpeopleknow33.Themoleculesofgasesmovemorefreelythan______.a.doliquidsandsolidsb.liquidsandsolidsdoc.dothoseofliquidsandsolidsd.thosedoofliquidsandsolids34.Theworld’sbirthratesareonadeclineand______arethedeathrates.a.sob.alsoc.tood.thesame35._____isthevolumeofchemicalgoods.a.Constantlygrowingtoob.Tooconstantlygrowingc.Growingconstanttod.Toogrowingconstant36.Manyatime_______mewithmyEnglishstudy.a.havehehelpedb.hashehelpedc.hehavehelpedd.didhehavehelped37.Typicalofthenewtypeofyoungpeople______,whosetashiningexampletothewholenation.a.wasLeiFengb.WereLeiFengc.LeiFengwasd.LeiFengwere38.WhatMr.Smithdidwasimportant,but______.a.moreimportantthewayofhedidthingswasb.thewayofhedidthingswasmoreimportantc.moreimportantwasthewayhedidthingsd.moreimportantthewaywerehedidthings39.Shedidn’twanttobuyit,______.a.howevergoodwasitb.howevergooditwasc.forhowgoodmightitbed.forhowgooditmightbe40.______,itisalwayspossibletofindoutitsvolume.a.Whatevertheshapeofabodymaybeb.Theshapeofabodymaybewhateverc.Maywhatevertheshapeofabodybed.Whatevermaytheshapeofabodybe41.Iwon’tpay$20forthecoat;it’snotworth______.a.allthatmuchb.thatmuchall