英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種完全倒裝和部分倒裝。1倒裝句之全部倒裝全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不能完全倒裝。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.2倒裝句之部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.當(dāng)Notuntil引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidntleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.典型例題1)WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit答案A.這是一個(gè)倒裝問(wèn)題。當(dāng)否定詞語(yǔ)置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本題的正常語(yǔ)序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D中選一個(gè)。改寫(xiě)為正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)?，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。3以否定詞開(kāi)頭作部分倒裝如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…thanNotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.典型例題Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句(謂語(yǔ)前置)。這類(lèi)表示否定意義的詞有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but(also),nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when等等。注意只有當(dāng)Notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.4so,neither,nor作部分倒裝表示也、也不的句子要部分倒裝。TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.典型例題---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idontknow,_____.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso答案B.nor為增補(bǔ)意思也不關(guān)心，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用dont再次否定，Cneither用法不對(duì)且缺乏連詞。D缺乏連詞。注意當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為的確如此。TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.---Itsraininghard.---Soitis.5only在句首要倒裝的情況Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.6as,though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞,副詞,分詞,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。注意1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。2)句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。7其他部分倒裝1)so…that句型中的so位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中Mayyouallbehappy.3)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were,had,should等詞，可將if省略，把were,had,should移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.典型例題1）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatisA.mandidknowB.manknewC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow答案為D.否定詞Not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。2）NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealize答案為B。3)DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idontknow,___.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso解析答案為B.句中的nor引出部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示也不。由so,neither,nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。完全倒裝用法歸納完全倒裝，即將謂語(yǔ)移到主語(yǔ)前。英語(yǔ)中構(gòu)成完全倒裝的情形主要有：1.以here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等方向性副詞開(kāi)頭的句子，且句子主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。如：Herecomesthebus.公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。Nowcomesyourturn.現(xiàn)在該你了。Thencameanewdifficulty.這時(shí)又產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)新的困難。ThedooropenedandincameMrLi.門(mén)開(kāi)了，李先生進(jìn)了來(lái)。注：若主語(yǔ)為代詞，則不用倒裝。如(from/doc/f513916218.html,)：Thedooropenedandinshecame.門(mén)開(kāi)了，她走了進(jìn)來(lái)。2.將表語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(多為介詞短語(yǔ))置于句首加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后通常用倒?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)序。如：AmongthemwasmyfriendJim.他們當(dāng)中就有我的朋友吉姆。Aroundthelakearesometalltree.湖的四周有些高樹(shù)。注：在表語(yǔ)置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語(yǔ)保持一致。完全倒裝的四種主要類(lèi)型1.here和there位于句首時(shí)的倒裝表示地點(diǎn)的here和there位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝形式。這類(lèi)倒裝句的謂語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)詞be和come,go等表示移動(dòng)或動(dòng)態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞：Here’sTom.湯姆在這里。There’sJim.吉姆在那兒。Herecomesthebus.公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Theregoesthelasttrain.最后一班火車(chē)開(kāi)走了?！咀⒁狻?1)以上倒裝句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞come和go不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，即不能說(shuō)Hereiscomingthebus。(2)若主語(yǔ)為代詞，則不倒裝：HereIam.我在這兒。/我來(lái)了。Hereitcomes.它來(lái)了。(3)其中的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可能是stand,lie,live等表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(表示存在)：Therestoodadeskagainstthewall.靠墻放著一張書(shū)桌。OnceuponatimetherelivedamanknownbythenameofBeef.從前有個(gè)人名叫比夫。2.away和down等位于句首時(shí)的倒裝地點(diǎn)副詞away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up等位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝語(yǔ)序。這類(lèi)倒裝句的謂語(yǔ)通常表示動(dòng)態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞：Awaywenttherunners.賽跑選手們跑遠(yuǎn)了。Roundandroundflewtheplane.飛機(jī)盤(pán)旋著。ThedooropenedandincameMrSmith.門(mén)開(kāi)了，史密斯先生進(jìn)了來(lái)。Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas.下雨了，傘都撐起來(lái)了?！咀⒁狻咳糁髡Z(yǔ)為人稱(chēng)代詞，則不能用倒裝：Awayhewent.他跑遠(yuǎn)了。Downitcame.它掉了下來(lái)。3.狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)的倒裝為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密，有時(shí)可將狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)置于句首，句中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全倒裝：AmongthesepeoplewashisfriendJim.他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當(dāng)中。Bythewindowsatayoungmanwithamagazineinhishand.窗戶(hù)邊坐著一個(gè)年輕人，手里拿著一本雜志。【注意】(from/doc/f513916218.html,)在表語(yǔ)置于句首的這類(lèi)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語(yǔ)保持一致。比較：Intheboxwasacat.箱子里是一只貓。Intheboxweresomecats.箱子里是一些貓。4.分詞和不定式置于句首的倒裝有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將謂語(yǔ)部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝：Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.一個(gè)古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。Standingbesidethetablewashiswife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.下列問(wèn)題要仔細(xì)考慮。英語(yǔ)部分倒裝用法歸納1.否定副詞位于句首時(shí)的倒裝在正式文體中，never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,nolonger,nowhere等含有否定意義的副詞若位于句首，則其后要用部分倒裝：Ishallneverforgivehim./NevershallIforgivehim.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)寬恕他。Heseldomgoesoutfordinner./Seldomdoeshegooutfordinner.他很少出去吃飯。Shehardlyhastimetolistentomusic./Hardlydoesshehavetimetolistentomusic.她幾乎沒(méi)時(shí)間聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。Helittlerealizeshowimportantthismeetingis./Littledoesherealizehowimportantthismeetingis.他不甚明白這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性。Wehadnosoonerreachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff./Nosoonerhadwereachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff.我們剛到機(jī)場(chǎng),飛機(jī)就起飛了。【注意】(1)對(duì)于not…until句型，當(dāng)notuntil…位于句首時(shí)，其后的主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序：Hedidn’tleavetheroomuntiltherainstopped./Notuntiltherainstoppeddidheleavetheroom.雨停了之后他才離開(kāi)這房間。(2)某些起副詞作用的介詞短語(yǔ)，由于含有否定詞，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒裝：Onnoaccountsmustthisswitchbetouched.這個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)是絕不能觸摸的。In[Under]nocircumstanceswillIlendmoneytohim.無(wú)論如何我也不會(huì)再借錢(qián)給他了。但是，innotime(立即，馬上)位于句首時(shí)，其后無(wú)需用倒裝語(yǔ)序：Innotimeheworkedouttheproblem.他馬上就算出了那道題。2.“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)受副詞only的修飾且置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序：Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了。Onlyinthiswayareyouabletodoitwell.你只有用這種方法才能把它做好。Onlywhenhereturnedhomedidherealizewhathadhappened.當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí)，才知道出了什么事。3.“so+adj./adv.”位于句首時(shí)的倒裝副詞so后接形容詞或副詞位于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝：Socoldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。Sofastdoeslighttravelthatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.光速很快，我們幾乎沒(méi)法想像它的速度。Sosuddenwastheattackthatwehadnotimetoescape.襲擊來(lái)得非常突然，我們來(lái)不及逃跑。4.“so+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”倒裝當(dāng)要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合于后者，通常就要用“So+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：YouareyoungandsoamI.你年輕，我也年輕。ShelikesmusicandsodoI.她喜歡音樂(lè)，我也喜歡。Ifhecandoit,socanI.要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(from/doc/f513916218.html,)(1)若前面提出某一否定的情況，要表示后者也屬于同樣的否定情況，則應(yīng)將其中的so改為neither或nor：Youaren’tyoungandneitheramI.你不年輕，我也不年輕。Shehasn’treaditandnorhaveI.她沒(méi)有讀它，我也沒(méi)有讀。(2)注意該結(jié)構(gòu)與表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或同意的“so+主語(yǔ)+特殊動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別："Itwascoldyesterday.""Soitwas."“昨天很冷?！薄暗拇_很冷?！?Father,youpromised.""Well,soIdid."“爸爸，你答應(yīng)過(guò)的。”“嗯，是答應(yīng)過(guò)。”5.由notonly…butalso引出的倒裝當(dāng)notonly…butalso位于句首引出句子時(shí)，notonly后的句子通常用部分倒裝形式：Notonlyisheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.他不僅是一位教師，而且是一位詩(shī)人。Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不費(fèi)勁了。6.虛擬條件句的省略與倒裝當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had,were,should等時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had,were,should等移到主語(yǔ)前，構(gòu)成倒裝句：Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.若你昨天來(lái)，你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到他了。Shouldyourequireanythinggivemearing.如果需要什么，可以給我打電話(huà)。Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldstillbehomeless.要不是你幫助，我會(huì)仍然無(wú)家可歸?！咀⒁狻渴÷詉f后提前的had不一定是助動(dòng)詞：HadImoney,Iwouldbuyit.假若我有錢(qián)，我就會(huì)買(mǎi)它。倒裝練習(xí)1.Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdata______cometoasoundconclusion.a.canyoub.youcanc.wouldyoud.youwould2.______thatthisregionwassorichinnaturalresources.a.Littleheknewb.Littledidheknowa.Littlehedidknowd.Littlehehadknown3.Neveragain______politicalofficeafterhis1928defeatforthepresidency.a.AlfredE.Smithseriouslysoughtb.seriouslyAlfredE.Smithsoughtc.whendidAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseekd.didAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseek4.Onlyinrecentyears______beguntorealizethatwilddogs,keptwithinbounds,oftendomoregoodthanharm.a.peoplehaveb.sincepeoplehavec.havepeopled.peoplewhohave5._______,wewerenotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.a.Whatmaycomeb.Comewhatmayc.Maywhatcomed.Whatcome6.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoice______hishead.a.thatheturnedb.didheturnc.hedidn’tturnd.hehadturned7.______receivedlawdegreesastoday.a.Neversowomenhaveb.Thewomenaren’teverc.Womenwhohaveneverd.Neverhavesomanywomen8.Heatdoesnottravelbyconvectioninsolid,becausethesoliddoesnotmove,______.a.sodoesaliquidb.soaliquiddoesc.asdoesaliquidd.soisaliquid9.Onnoaccount______toanyone.a.mynamemustbementionedb.mustmynamementionc.mustmynamebementionedd.mynamemustmention10.______thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.a.Suchconstructionrobotsarecleverb.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsarec.Socleveraretheconstructionrobotsd.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare11.______dowegoforpicnics.a.Certainlyb.Sometimesc.Seldomd.Once12.______isitonlytheignorantandill-educatedpersonwhohassuchfaithinthebottleofmedicine.a.Eitherb.Oftenc.Nord.Usually13.Heranswerisnotacceptable,and______.a.neitheramIb.eitherisminec.neitherismined.mineisneither14.______,Imustdoanotherexperiment.a.Beiteversolateb.Itiseversolatec.Itbeeversolated.Solateitbeever15.Sofast______thatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.a.lighttravelb.travelsthelightc.dolighttraveld.doeslighttravel16.Asneezecannotbeperformedvoluntarily,______beeasilysuppressed.a.noritcanb.norcanitc.itcannotd.andcannotit17.______notebookandreportthatIpromisedyoulastweek.a.Hereistheb.Herearethec.Isherethed.Areherethe18.______alittlemoretimetothink,hemighthaveactedmoresensibly.a.Ifhetookb.Ifhehastakenc.hadhetakend.Shouldhetake19.Beneathourfeet______thatourlifedependsonforfoodandclothing.a.theearthlayb.theearthliesc.lietheearthd.liestheearth20.______thebeginningofthe19thcenturydidscientistsknowthatallmatterismadeupofatoms.a.Atb.Byc.Uptod.Notuntil21.Hardly______hegotoutofthecourt______thereportersraisedalotofquestionstohim.a.had…whenb.had…thanc.did…whend.has…than22.Amongthesebooks______adictionarythathisfathergavehimasabirthdaypresent.a.haveincludedb.isincludedc.hasincludedd.areincluded23.Nolongerarecontributionstocomputertechnologyconfinedtoanyonecountry;______isthismoretruethaninEurope.a.nowhereb.hardlyc.littled.seldom24.Important______hisdiscoverywas,itwasregardedasamatterofnoaccountinhistime.a.tob.forc.asd.although25.Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.a.thereseemtobeb.itseemsc.itseemstobed.hereseems26.Here______youwanttosee.a.themanagercomesb.comesthemanagerc.comesamanagerd.iscomingamanager27.Barrycanhardlydriveacar,______.a.socan’tMollyb.can’tMollyeitherc.Mollycan’ttood.neithercanMolly28._______fortheleadershipoftheParty,weshouldnothavesucceeded.a.Hadnotitbeenb.Haditnotbeenc.Therewasd.Isthere29.______noairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld.a.Werethereb.Therearec.Therewasd.Isthere30.Notonly______thedatafedintoit,butitcanalsoanalyzethem.a.thecomputercanmemorizeb.canthecomputermemorizec.dothecomputermemorized.canmemorizethecomputer31.Notonce______hisviewoflife.a.didthegentlemanmentionb.thegentlemanmentionedthatc.thegentlemanmentionedd.doesgentlemanmentioned32.Bynomeans______theirownlanguagewell.a.itistruethatallEnglishpeopleknowb.isittruethatdoallEnglishpeopleknowc.itistruethatdoallEnglishpeopleknowd.isittruethatallEnglishpeopleknow33.Themoleculesofgasesmovemorefreelythan______.a.doliquidsandsolidsb.liquidsandsolidsdoc.dothoseofliquidsandsolidsd.thosedoofliquidsandsolids34.Theworld’sbirthratesareonadeclineand______arethedeathrates.a.sob.alsoc.tood.thesame35._____isthevolumeofchemicalgoods.a.Constantlygrowingtoob.Tooconstantlygrowingc.Growingconstanttod.Toogrowingconstant36.Manyatime_______mewithmyEnglishstudy.a.havehehelpedb.hashehelpedc.hehavehelpedd.didhehavehelped37.Typicalofthenewtypeofyoungpeople______,whosetashiningexampletothewholenation.a.wasLeiFengb.WereLeiFengc.LeiFengwasd.LeiFengwere38.WhatMr.Smithdidwasimportant,but______.a.moreimportantthewayofhedidthingswasb.thewayofhedidthingswasmoreimportantc.moreimportantwasthewayhedidthingsd.moreimportantthewaywerehedidthings39.Shedidn’twanttobuyit,______.a.howevergoodwasitb.howevergooditwasc.forhowgoodmightitbed.forhowgooditmightbe40.______,itisalwayspossibletofindoutitsvolume.a.Whatevertheshapeofabodymaybeb.Theshapeofabodymaybewhateverc.Maywhatevertheshapeofabodybed.Whatevermaytheshapeofabodybe41.Iwon’tpay$20forthecoat;it’snotworth______.a.allthatmuchb.thatmuchall