2023年中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)構(gòu)詞法派生法：fortune（n.）命運(yùn)→fortunate（adj.）幸運(yùn)的→misfortune（n.）不幸合成法：class（n.）班級(jí)+room（n.）房間→classroom（n.）教室轉(zhuǎn)化法：patient（adj.）有耐心的（n.）病人后綴前綴前綴決定方向，后綴決定詞性英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第一節(jié)

句子成分第二節(jié)

句子種類第一節(jié)

句子成分句子成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)Manystudentsmanagedtofinishthetask.Hegaveapieceofcandytothelittlegirl.Twentywilltakepartintheactivity.Tosayiseasybuttodoishard.Doingmorningexercisesdoesusalotofgood.Whattheman

saidwascorrect.名詞短語(yǔ)代詞數(shù)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)：位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前，一般在句首謂語(yǔ)Ilikemusic.Helikesmusic.Theylikemusic.Thehero’sstorymovedusdeeply.Weweremovedbythehero’sstorydeeply.Iwillgotothecinematomorrow.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)特點(diǎn)：有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化，主謂一致謂語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)He

(enjoy)thesongs.I

(see)theflagonthetopofthehill.They

(speak)Englishwell.一般過(guò)去時(shí)They

(look)fortwoapples.I

(have)funreadingEnglishnovels.enjoysseespeaklookedhad謂語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成Wegotothecinema.Thedollbelongstohim.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tlikedancing.考點(diǎn)：閱讀理解劃分句子成分方法謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)：一般情況下，直接加srun-runs以s，x，ch，sh，o結(jié)尾加esmiss-missesfix-fixesfinish-finishesdo-doeswatch-watches輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，改y為i加esfly-flies不規(guī)則變化have-hasbe-is元音字母加y，直接加splay-plays謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ing形式：一般加ingcheck-checking不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾，去e加inghope-hoping輔+元+輔，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母加ingstop-stoppingie結(jié)尾，改ie為y加inglie-lyingdie-dyingic結(jié)尾，加k再加ingpanic-panickingpicnic-picnicking謂語(yǔ)過(guò)去式：一般加edwash-washedwork-worked不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾，直接加dclose-closedlike-liked輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，改y為i加edstudy-studied元音字母加y結(jié)尾，直接加edobey-obeyedplay-played輔+元+輔，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母加edplan-plannedstop-stopped不規(guī)則變形，看不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表賓語(yǔ)IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Areyouafraidofsnake?名詞人稱代詞動(dòng)名詞不定式從句名詞特點(diǎn)：在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)Theteacherwillsendme

aletter.

間接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)口訣：直賓物，間賓人賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)Theteacherwillsendme

aletter.

間接賓語(yǔ)

直接賓語(yǔ)=Theteacherwillsendalettertome.

直接賓語(yǔ)

間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)后面，需要中間加介詞，一般為to或for(1)找出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

③PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④

Showyourpassport,please.⑤Theoldmansaidhewasill.表語(yǔ)Heisateacher.Youdon’tlookit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Everyoneishere.Mywatchisgone.名詞代詞數(shù)詞形容詞副詞分詞特點(diǎn)：位于系動(dòng)詞后，表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)表語(yǔ)Whatis系動(dòng)詞？（1）be動(dòng)詞：am，is，are，was，were（2）感官動(dòng)詞：look，smell，sound，taste，feel（3）變化動(dòng)詞：become，get，go，grow，turn（+adj.譯為“變得”）表語(yǔ)Whatis系動(dòng)詞？（4）保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj.譯為“保持”）（5）無(wú)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：seem，prove，appear（+adj.無(wú)實(shí)際含義，功能類比be動(dòng)詞，譯為“是”）(2)找出下列句中的表語(yǔ)①

Ourdutyistomakeourenvironmentbetter②

Thepatientisoutofdanger.③

Heisateacherwhilehislittlebrotherisstillajuniormiddleschoolstudent.④

Whathewantedtosuggestistocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.⑤

Thatremainsapuzzletome.表語(yǔ)下面紅色部分，哪些是表語(yǔ)，哪些是賓語(yǔ)？Hehatesbananas.Itsoundsagoodidea.Iamagoodplayernow.Hedoesn’tunderstandwomenatall.Imovedfrombehindmydesktositbesideher.賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)：美麗的花園Sheisachemistryteacher.Webelongtothethirdworld.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Putthechildinthesleepingbag.......的名詞數(shù)詞形容詞動(dòng)名詞特點(diǎn)：修飾名詞定語(yǔ)HismothertongueisSpanish.Myhometownisnotfarfromhere.Thesingerhasasweetvoice.Thetallboywithglassesismyboyfriend.Mybossusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattend.單個(gè)詞，短，前置定語(yǔ)多個(gè)詞，長(zhǎng)，后置定語(yǔ)(3)找出下列句中的定語(yǔ)①Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.②Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.③Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen④Abeautifulgirlisrunningtous.⑤

Threreisanewbucket狀語(yǔ)Younginyears,heisoldinexperience.Ifindyouhavebeendownlately.Youcan’ttakephotosinthemuseum.Givenmorechance,shewon’tletyoudown.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.形容詞短語(yǔ)副詞介詞短語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)不定式狀語(yǔ)Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.修飾動(dòng)詞studyTheladyoverthereisextremelybeautiful.修飾形容詞beautifulUnfortunately,hewasinjuredinthecaraccident.修飾句子hewasinjuredinthecaraccident特點(diǎn)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、句子，一般為ly結(jié)尾副詞居多(5)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)HewasappointedpresidentoftheStudentUnion.Themachinewasfoundoutoforder.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iconsideritwisetorefusethecooperation.Youshouldmakeyourviewsknown.名詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)形容詞過(guò)去分詞HeispresidentoftheStudentUnionthemachineisoutoforderitiswiseyourviewsareknown特點(diǎn)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)身份、性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)等(4)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.同位語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)：我，一位來(lái)自英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的男老師，在教授英語(yǔ)課程。I，amaleteachermajoringinEnglish,amteachingEnglish.IamteachingEnglish.同位語(yǔ)去掉不影響句子成分同位語(yǔ)Youmayleavetheworktousboth.代詞做us同位語(yǔ)，us為賓語(yǔ)Heisaman,doctor.名詞做aman同位語(yǔ)，aman為表語(yǔ)Youtwoshouldkeepquiet.數(shù)詞做You同位語(yǔ)，You為主語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明us=bothaman=doctorYou=two第二節(jié)

句子種類按句子結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句（五大基本句型）一、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Shecame.Ilaugh.二、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)Nobodycouldanswerthequestion.ShelikesEnglish.謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)單句（五大基本句型）三、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）+表語(yǔ)Sheishappy.Allthetouristsseemhappy.Thequestionsremaintobeunsolved.表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后簡(jiǎn)單句（五大基本句型）四、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)IboughtLilyapresent.MarylentMichaelherdictionary.五、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Icallhimmonitor.Workerspaintedthewallblue.共同點(diǎn)：都是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后有多個(gè)詞如何判斷動(dòng)詞后為雙賓還是賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)？簡(jiǎn)單句（五大基本句型）如何判斷動(dòng)詞后為雙賓還是賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)？IboughtLilyapresent.Workerspaintedthewallblue.如果動(dòng)詞后兩個(gè)詞中間可以加上be動(dòng)詞，為賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)；否則為雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)Lilyisapresent.Thewallisblue.×√1.Theyworkhard.

2.Thatbirdisdead.

3.Plantsneedwater.

4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.5.Sheaskedmetocomebacksoon.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.

練習(xí)1：試判斷以下句子的句型主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間賓+直賓主+謂主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)并列句Hersonisapainterandherdaughterisadancer.簡(jiǎn)單句（主系表）

并列連詞

簡(jiǎn)單句（主系表）特點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中間用并列連詞連接并列句Helikespaintingandshelikesreading.Notonlyisheadoctorbutalsoheisateacher.Neithertheteachernorthestudentsknewtheanswertothedifficultquestion.聯(lián)合并列句：and和，notonly...but(also)...不僅......而且......，neither...nor...既不......也不......并列句Youcandoityourselforyoucanasksomeoneelsetohelp.EithersheorKategoestovisittheGreatWall.選擇并列句：or或者，either...or...要么......要么......并列句Hecouldn’tfindhispen,sohewroteinpencil.Ididn’tgotothepartylastnight,forIhadanimportantmeetingthisevening.因果并列句：so因此，for因?yàn)樵蚪Y(jié)果結(jié)果原因并列句Welovepeacebutwearen’tafraidofwar.Heworkedhard,yethefailed.Thereisplentyofraininthesoutheast,whilethereislittleinthenorthwest.轉(zhuǎn)折并列句：but但是，yet但是，while然而1.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?

—I’dloveto,_____Ican’t.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

A.but

B.and

C.or

D.so2.

Workhard,_______youwillpassthedrivingtest.

A.or

B.but

C.because

D.and練習(xí)：在以下選項(xiàng)中選擇正確答案AD3.Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,_____lookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.

A.but

B.so

C.or

D.however4.Callataxi,_______youwillmissthetrain.

A.and

B.though

C.because

D.or5.Thedoctorstriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’slife,_____theyfailed.

A.but

B.for

C.or

D.andDAB復(fù)合句Thisismyfriend

whoisgoodatplayingtheviolin.

主句

連詞

從句特點(diǎn)：一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)和一個(gè)以上從句構(gòu)成，中間有連詞復(fù)合句復(fù)合句定語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句第二節(jié)

句子種類按句子功能劃分：陳述句疑問(wèn)句祈使句感嘆句存在句陳述句分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句肯定陳述句：Icookedfishsoupthedaybeforeyesterday.He

(go)toShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.She

(have)onlybeentothelibrarythreetimes.They

(choose)torejecttheofferseveraldaysago.特點(diǎn)：陳述事實(shí)，句末為句號(hào)注意主謂一致willgohaschose陳述句否定陳述句：(將下面句子變成否定句)Heisplayingtabletennis.Wecangettherebeforedark.Shehaspassedherdrivinglicense.Heisnotplayingtabletennis.Wecannotgettherebeforedark.Shehasnotpassedherdrivinglicense.謂語(yǔ)部分有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)候，在其后加not陳述句否定陳述句：(將下面句子變成否定句)HeplaysTaijiquanwell.Shewonthegame.Catsneedtobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.Hedoesn’tplayTaijiquanwell.Shedidn’twinthegame.Catsdoesn’tneedtobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.謂語(yǔ)部分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，在前面加didn’t，doesn’t或don’t，動(dòng)詞改為原形，注意主謂一致陳述句否定陳述句：(將下面句子變成否定句)Thereissomewaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehasnotanybooks.therebe結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為has/have，在后面加not，如果有some改為any陳述句否定陳述句：表示否定意義的詞可以構(gòu)成否定句：few很少，little很少，no沒(méi)有，never從不，hardly幾乎不，seldom很少，nothing沒(méi)有什么，too...to...太......而不能......，not...atall一點(diǎn)也不，not...anylonger/anymore不再，nobody沒(méi)有人TheseboyshavelittleinterestinEnglish.Therearefewapplesonthetable.little加不可數(shù)名詞，few加可數(shù)名詞疑問(wèn)句分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句判斷下面句子哪個(gè)是一般疑問(wèn)句，哪個(gè)是特殊疑問(wèn)句？Ishecookinginthekitchen?Whereisthelibrary?一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句特點(diǎn)：一般疑問(wèn)句可以用yes和no回答，特殊疑問(wèn)句不可以一般疑問(wèn)句Isheinthereadingroom?be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)

（+其他）Canyoufinishtheworkalone?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞

（+其他）Doeshewanttogowithus?助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞

（+其他）特殊疑問(wèn)句Whichoneismyseat?WhatdoyouoftendoonWednesdays?Wheredoyouwanttogo？WhenistheChildren’sDay?Whoisthewinner?Whydoyoulikeplayingfootball?Whosebagisit?Whomdidyouseeatthepartylastnight?Howcanwegettothehotel?特點(diǎn)：由疑問(wèn)詞（wh-或how）開(kāi)頭，不能用yes或no回答特殊疑問(wèn)句Wheredoyouwanttogo？Whydoyoulikeplayingfootball?Whomdidyouseeatthepartylastnight?Howcanwegettothehotel?疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句WhenistheChildren’sDay?Whoisthewinner?WhatdoyouoftendoonWednesdays?疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞+其他Whichoneismyseat?Whosebagisit?疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他

特殊疑問(wèn)句常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)詞復(fù)習(xí)：where哪里when什么時(shí)候which哪一個(gè)who誰(shuí)whose誰(shuí)的why為什么what什么whattime什么時(shí)候whatcolor什么顏色

whatday星期幾特殊疑問(wèn)句常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)詞復(fù)習(xí)：whatdate什么日期whatkindof哪種類型whatdoyouthinkof=howdoyoulike你認(rèn)為......怎么樣whynot=whydon’tyou...為什么不......how怎么