2023年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 基礎(chǔ)知識

英語基礎(chǔ)知識構(gòu)詞法派生法：fortune（n.）命運→fortunate（adj.）幸運的→misfortune（n.）不幸合成法：class（n.）班級+room（n.）房間→classroom（n.）教室轉(zhuǎn)化法：patient（adj.）有耐心的（n.）病人后綴前綴前綴決定方向，后綴決定詞性英語基礎(chǔ)知識第一節(jié)

句子成分第二節(jié)

句子種類第一節(jié)

句子成分句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補足語、同位語主語Manystudentsmanagedtofinishthetask.Hegaveapieceofcandytothelittlegirl.Twentywilltakepartintheactivity.Tosayiseasybuttodoishard.Doingmorningexercisesdoesusalotofgood.Whattheman

saidwascorrect.名詞短語代詞數(shù)詞不定式動名詞短語從句特點：位于謂語動詞前，一般在句首謂語Ilikemusic.Helikesmusic.Theylikemusic.Thehero’sstorymovedusdeeply.Weweremovedbythehero’sstorydeeply.Iwillgotothecinematomorrow.一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時特點：有時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化，主謂一致謂語一般現(xiàn)在時He

(enjoy)thesongs.I

(see)theflagonthetopofthehill.They

(speak)Englishwell.一般過去時They

(look)fortwoapples.I

(have)funreadingEnglishnovels.enjoysseespeaklookedhad謂語簡單謂語：由動詞或動詞詞組構(gòu)成Wegotothecinema.Thedollbelongstohim.復(fù)合謂語：情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+動詞HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tlikedancing.考點：閱讀理解劃分句子成分方法謂語動詞第三人稱單數(shù)：一般情況下，直接加srun-runs以s，x，ch，sh，o結(jié)尾加esmiss-missesfix-fixesfinish-finishesdo-doeswatch-watches輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，改y為i加esfly-flies不規(guī)則變化have-hasbe-is元音字母加y，直接加splay-plays謂語動詞ing形式：一般加ingcheck-checking不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾，去e加inghope-hoping輔+元+輔，雙寫輔音字母加ingstop-stoppingie結(jié)尾，改ie為y加inglie-lyingdie-dyingic結(jié)尾，加k再加ingpanic-panickingpicnic-picnicking謂語過去式：一般加edwash-washedwork-worked不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾，直接加dclose-closedlike-liked輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，改y為i加edstudy-studied元音字母加y結(jié)尾，直接加edobey-obeyedplay-played輔+元+輔，雙寫輔音字母加edplan-plannedstop-stopped不規(guī)則變形，看不規(guī)則動詞表賓語IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Areyouafraidofsnake?名詞人稱代詞動名詞不定式從句名詞特點：在及物動詞或介詞后賓語雙賓語Theteacherwillsendme

aletter.

間接賓語

直接賓語口訣：直賓物，間賓人賓語雙賓語Theteacherwillsendme

aletter.

間接賓語

直接賓語=Theteacherwillsendalettertome.

直接賓語

間接賓語間接賓語位于直接賓語后面，需要中間加介詞，一般為to或for(1)找出下列句中的賓語①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

③PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④

Showyourpassport,please.⑤Theoldmansaidhewasill.表語Heisateacher.Youdon’tlookit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Everyoneishere.Mywatchisgone.名詞代詞數(shù)詞形容詞副詞分詞特點：位于系動詞后，表示主語狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)表語Whatis系動詞？（1）be動詞：am，is，are，was，were（2）感官動詞：look，smell，sound，taste，feel（3）變化動詞：become，get，go，grow，turn（+adj.譯為“變得”）表語Whatis系動詞？（4）保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj.譯為“保持”）（5）無實義動詞：seem，prove，appear（+adj.無實際含義，功能類比be動詞，譯為“是”）(2)找出下列句中的表語①

Ourdutyistomakeourenvironmentbetter②

Thepatientisoutofdanger.③

Heisateacherwhilehislittlebrotherisstillajuniormiddleschoolstudent.④

Whathewantedtosuggestistocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.⑤

Thatremainsapuzzletome.表語下面紅色部分，哪些是表語，哪些是賓語？Hehatesbananas.Itsoundsagoodidea.Iamagoodplayernow.Hedoesn’tunderstandwomenatall.Imovedfrombehindmydesktositbesideher.賓語表語表語賓語表語在系動詞后，賓語在及物動詞或介詞后賓語定語漢語：美麗的花園Sheisachemistryteacher.Webelongtothethirdworld.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Putthechildinthesleepingbag.......的名詞數(shù)詞形容詞動名詞特點：修飾名詞定語HismothertongueisSpanish.Myhometownisnotfarfromhere.Thesingerhasasweetvoice.Thetallboywithglassesismyboyfriend.Mybossusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattend.單個詞，短，前置定語多個詞，長，后置定語(3)找出下列句中的定語①Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.②Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.③Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen④Abeautifulgirlisrunningtous.⑤

Threreisanewbucket狀語Younginyears,heisoldinexperience.Ifindyouhavebeendownlately.Youcan’ttakephotosinthemuseum.Givenmorechance,shewon’tletyoudown.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.形容詞短語副詞介詞短語過去分詞短語不定式狀語Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.修飾動詞studyTheladyoverthereisextremelybeautiful.修飾形容詞beautifulUnfortunately,hewasinjuredinthecaraccident.修飾句子hewasinjuredinthecaraccident特點：修飾動詞、形容詞、句子，一般為ly結(jié)尾副詞居多(5)挑出下列句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.補語主語補足語HewasappointedpresidentoftheStudentUnion.Themachinewasfoundoutoforder.賓語補足語Iconsideritwisetorefusethecooperation.Youshouldmakeyourviewsknown.名詞短語介詞短語形容詞過去分詞HeispresidentoftheStudentUnionthemachineisoutoforderitiswiseyourviewsareknown特點：說明主語或賓語身份、性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)等(4)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.同位語漢語：我，一位來自英語專業(yè)的男老師，在教授英語課程。I，amaleteachermajoringinEnglish,amteachingEnglish.IamteachingEnglish.同位語去掉不影響句子成分同位語Youmayleavetheworktousboth.代詞做us同位語，us為賓語Heisaman,doctor.名詞做aman同位語，aman為表語Youtwoshouldkeepquiet.數(shù)詞做You同位語，You為主語特點：對主語、賓語、表語進行補充說明us=bothaman=doctorYou=two第二節(jié)

句子種類按句子結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：簡單句并列句復(fù)合句簡單句（五大基本句型）一、主語+謂語Shecame.Ilaugh.二、主語+謂語+賓語Nobodycouldanswerthequestion.ShelikesEnglish.謂語為不及物動詞謂語為及物動詞簡單句（五大基本句型）三、主語+謂語（系動詞）+表語Sheishappy.Allthetouristsseemhappy.Thequestionsremaintobeunsolved.表語在系動詞后，賓語在及物動詞或介詞后簡單句（五大基本句型）四、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語IboughtLilyapresent.MarylentMichaelherdictionary.五、主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語Icallhimmonitor.Workerspaintedthewallblue.共同點：都是在謂語動詞后有多個詞如何判斷動詞后為雙賓還是賓語賓補？簡單句（五大基本句型）如何判斷動詞后為雙賓還是賓語賓補？IboughtLilyapresent.Workerspaintedthewallblue.如果動詞后兩個詞中間可以加上be動詞，為賓語賓補；否則為雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)Lilyisapresent.Thewallisblue.×√1.Theyworkhard.

2.Thatbirdisdead.

3.Plantsneedwater.

4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.5.Sheaskedmetocomebacksoon.6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.

練習(xí)1：試判斷以下句子的句型主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間賓+直賓主+謂主+謂+賓+賓補并列句Hersonisapainterandherdaughterisadancer.簡單句（主系表）

并列連詞

簡單句（主系表）特點：兩個簡單句中間用并列連詞連接并列句Helikespaintingandshelikesreading.Notonlyisheadoctorbutalsoheisateacher.Neithertheteachernorthestudentsknewtheanswertothedifficultquestion.聯(lián)合并列句：and和，notonly...but(also)...不僅......而且......，neither...nor...既不......也不......并列句Youcandoityourselforyoucanasksomeoneelsetohelp.EithersheorKategoestovisittheGreatWall.選擇并列句：or或者，either...or...要么......要么......并列句Hecouldn’tfindhispen,sohewroteinpencil.Ididn’tgotothepartylastnight,forIhadanimportantmeetingthisevening.因果并列句：so因此，for因為原因結(jié)果結(jié)果原因并列句Welovepeacebutwearen’tafraidofwar.Heworkedhard,yethefailed.Thereisplentyofraininthesoutheast,whilethereislittleinthenorthwest.轉(zhuǎn)折并列句：but但是，yet但是，while然而1.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?

—I’dloveto,_____Ican’t.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

A.but

B.and

C.or

D.so2.

Workhard,_______youwillpassthedrivingtest.

A.or

B.but

C.because

D.and練習(xí)：在以下選項中選擇正確答案AD3.Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,_____lookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.

A.but

B.so

C.or

D.however4.Callataxi,_______youwillmissthetrain.

A.and

B.though

C.because

D.or5.Thedoctorstriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’slife,_____theyfailed.

A.but

B.for

C.or

D.andDAB復(fù)合句Thisismyfriend

whoisgoodatplayingtheviolin.

主句

連詞

從句特點：一個主句和一個和一個以上從句構(gòu)成，中間有連詞復(fù)合句復(fù)合句定語從句名詞性從句狀語從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句第二節(jié)

句子種類按句子功能劃分：陳述句疑問句祈使句感嘆句存在句陳述句分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句肯定陳述句：Icookedfishsoupthedaybeforeyesterday.He

(go)toShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.She

(have)onlybeentothelibrarythreetimes.They

(choose)torejecttheofferseveraldaysago.特點：陳述事實，句末為句號注意主謂一致willgohaschose陳述句否定陳述句：(將下面句子變成否定句)Heisplayingtabletennis.Wecangettherebeforedark.Shehaspassedherdrivinglicense.Heisnotplayingtabletennis.Wecannotgettherebeforedark.Shehasnotpassedherdrivinglicense.謂語部分有be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞時候，在其后加not陳述句否定陳述句：(將下面句子變成否定句)HeplaysTaijiquanwell.Shewonthegame.Catsneedtobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.Hedoesn’tplayTaijiquanwell.Shedidn’twinthegame.Catsdoesn’tneedtobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.謂語部分為實義動詞，在前面加didn’t，doesn’t或don’t，動詞改為原形，注意主謂一致陳述句否定陳述句：(將下面句子變成否定句)Thereissomewaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehasnotanybooks.therebe結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動詞為has/have，在后面加not，如果有some改為any陳述句否定陳述句：表示否定意義的詞可以構(gòu)成否定句：few很少，little很少，no沒有，never從不，hardly幾乎不，seldom很少，nothing沒有什么，too...to...太......而不能......，not...atall一點也不，not...anylonger/anymore不再，nobody沒有人TheseboyshavelittleinterestinEnglish.Therearefewapplesonthetable.little加不可數(shù)名詞，few加可數(shù)名詞疑問句分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句判斷下面句子哪個是一般疑問句，哪個是特殊疑問句？Ishecookinginthekitchen?Whereisthelibrary?一般疑問句特殊疑問句特點：一般疑問句可以用yes和no回答，特殊疑問句不可以一般疑問句Isheinthereadingroom?be動詞+主語+表語

（+其他）Canyoufinishtheworkalone?情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞

（+其他）Doeshewanttogowithus?助動詞+主語+動詞

（+其他）特殊疑問句Whichoneismyseat?WhatdoyouoftendoonWednesdays?Wheredoyouwanttogo？WhenistheChildren’sDay?Whoisthewinner?Whydoyoulikeplayingfootball?Whosebagisit?Whomdidyouseeatthepartylastnight?Howcanwegettothehotel?特點：由疑問詞（wh-或how）開頭，不能用yes或no回答特殊疑問句Wheredoyouwanttogo？Whydoyoulikeplayingfootball?Whomdidyouseeatthepartylastnight?Howcanwegettothehotel?疑問詞+一般疑問句WhenistheChildren’sDay?Whoisthewinner?WhatdoyouoftendoonWednesdays?疑問詞+動詞+其他Whichoneismyseat?Whosebagisit?疑問詞+主語+動詞+其他

特殊疑問句常見疑問詞復(fù)習(xí)：where哪里when什么時候which哪一個who誰whose誰的why為什么what什么whattime什么時候whatcolor什么顏色

whatday星期幾特殊疑問句常見疑問詞復(fù)習(xí)：whatdate什么日期whatkindof哪種類型whatdoyouthinkof=howdoyoulike你認為......怎么樣whynot=whydon’tyou...為什么不......how怎么