上海市奉賢區(qū)2024屆高三上學(xué)期一模英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

2024奉賢區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)一模試卷2023.12考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或?qū)?非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Atanairport.B.Atacinema.C.Atahotel.D.Atastation.2.A.Husbandandwife.B.Guestandhostess.C.Customerandwaitress.D.Bossandemployee.3.A.Themanisfondoftravelling.B.Thewomanisaphotographer.C.Thewomantookmanypicturesatthecontest.D.Themanadmiresthewoman’stalentinwriting.4.A.Gohomesoon.B.Visitthewoman.C.Borrowthetypewriter.D.Readthewoman’spaper.5.A.Thebookstherearetooexpensive.B.Thetextbooksheneedsisn’tinyet.C.Shewon’tbeabletogetthebookbeforeclass.D.Shepreferstogotothebookstoreat9o’clock.6.A.Theywon’tcelebratemother’sbirthdayB.They’vealreadygotplentyofwine.C.Theycannotbuywhatevertheyneed.D.They’vegotenoughgiftsfortheparty.7.A.Thewomanwillhaveatest.B.Themanwillprobablygotothemovie.C.Themanwillhavetositforanexam.D.Thewomanwishestogotoclasswiththeman.8.A.Theresultshaven’tcomeyet.B.Theresultswerecheckedagainlastnight.C.Thewomanneedsanothertesttomorrow.D.Thedoctorhasn’tcomebackfromthelab.9.A.Mostneighborsareasnoisyasthewoman.B.Dealingwithitpolitelymightbeabettersolution.C.Hecan’tunderstandwhythewomanissoangry.D.Thewomanistooimpoliteforherneighbors.10.A.Shealwaysbuysnewclothestokeepupwiththelatestfashiontrend.B.Shelooksdownonthefashionvictimsspendingmuchmoneyoncostlyclothes.C.Shedoesn’tfallintothecategoryoffashionvictims.D.Shewillbuynewclothesnextmonthlikethosefashionvictims.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Manypeopleareshyinsociallife.B.Mostpeopleareshybynature.C.Yourshynesswon’thurtothers.D.Shynessisdifficulttoovercome.12.A.Byprediction.B.Byrecording.C.Byobservation.D.Byexamination.13.A.Tomeasureshyness.B.Tomakenewfriends.C.Totestpeople’sIQ.D.Toshareideaswithothers.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Torecallhisownchildhood.B.Toshowhiscareforhischildren.C.Tomakeupforhisownchildhoodpity.D.Tohelphischildrenbecomemoremature.15.A.Theybecomemorematureandresponsible.B.Theyhavelessconfidencethantheirpeers.C.Theyareresponsibleforbuildingthedreamlifeoftheirparents.D.Theytakepossessionsandsupportfromtheirpeersforgranted.16.A.Toloveandsupportchildren.B.Tosatisfywhateverchildrenwants.C.Togivechildrentoomuchpressure.D.Toencouragechildrentomeettheirgoals.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Hewantstochangehisjobassignment.B.Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.C.Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime.D.Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss.18.A.Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.B.Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim.C.Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate.D.Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility.19.A.Heneverknowshowtorefuse.B.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.C.Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.D.Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness.20.A.Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting.B.Waitandseewhathappensnext.C.Learntosaynowhennecessary.D.Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheFirstSpaceCatInafewweeks,spacescientistswillcelebratearemarkableevent—the60thanniversaryofthelaunchofthefirstcatintospace,anastronauticalsuccessthathasneverbeenrepeated.Intheearly60s,dogsandmonkeysweretheanimalsusuallyusedbyscientiststofindoutexactly____1____dangeroustheconditionswereinouterspace.Andtheywerealsousedtoassessifhumans____2____survivetripsbeyondtheedgeofEarth’satmosphere.Atotalof14streetcats____3____(gather)atFrance’sspaceagencyforselectionascatastronauts,butthecatswerenotgivennamesonpurposeinordertopreventscientistsfrombecomingtoofondofthem.Thecatselectedtotraveltospacewassimplyknown____4____C341.C341flewonaFrenchrocketinOctober1963,takingittoaplace____5____nocathadgonebefore.Then,____6____thenewsofitsflightwasannouncedon18October1963,theFrenchpressdecidedthiscathadtohaveitsname.Theypicked“Felix”afteracartooncatcharacter,only____7____(discover)thatC341wasfemale,sohernamewasthenadjustedto“Felicette”asaresult.InputtingFelicetteinoneofitsrockets,Franceaddedanewspeciestothelistofanimalsthatscientists____8____(send)intospacebefore.Previously,twogardenspiders,AnitaandArebella,hadbeentakentotheSkylab____9____(orbit)aroundthemoon.“Inthe60s,_____10_____(concern)aboutthepossibledangerforahumantobeinouterspace,scientistsandengineersprimarilyundertookanimalspaceflightstoseeiftheysufferedortheirliveswerethreatenedbytheweightlessnessorincreasedradiationorothereffectstheymightexperienceupthere,”saidastronomerJakeFosterattheRoyalObservatoryGreenwich.“Thefactthattheydidnotfailpavedthewayforhumanstobeginjourneysintospace.”【答案】1.how2.could3.weregathered4.as5.where6.after7.todiscover8.hadsent9.orbiting10.concerned【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了第一只太空貓的相關(guān)情況?！?題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：上世紀(jì)60年代初，科學(xué)家們通常用狗和猴子來(lái)探測(cè)外太空的危險(xiǎn)程度。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，此處從句表示“多么危險(xiǎn)”應(yīng)用howdangerous。故填how?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：它們還被用來(lái)評(píng)估人類是否能在地球大氣層邊緣以外的旅行中生存下來(lái)。后跟動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)上文were可知表示“能夠”應(yīng)用could。故填could?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：法國(guó)航天局共挑選了14只流浪貓作為貓宇航員，但為了防止科學(xué)家們過于喜歡它們，這些貓沒有被命名。主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)后文were可知為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填weregathered?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：被選中去太空旅行的貓被簡(jiǎn)單地稱為C341。短語(yǔ)beknownas表示“被稱為”。故填as?！?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：1963年10月，C341乘坐法國(guó)的一枚火箭飛到了一個(gè)以前沒有貓去過的地方。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞place，在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用where。故填where?！?題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：1963年10月18日，在它飛行的消息公布后，法國(guó)媒體決定給這只貓取個(gè)名字。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“在……之后”應(yīng)用after。故填after?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他們選擇了卡通貓的名字“Felix”，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)C341是雌性，因此她的名字被調(diào)整為“Felicette”。此處為onlytodosth.，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填todiscover?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在將Felicette放入其中一枚火箭后，法國(guó)在科學(xué)家之前送入太空的動(dòng)物名單上增加了一個(gè)新物種。此處從句表示過去的過去，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadsent?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：此前，兩只花園蜘蛛，安妮塔和阿雷貝拉，已經(jīng)被帶到繞月軌道運(yùn)行的太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知orbit與邏輯主語(yǔ)Skylab構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填orbiting?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：格林尼治皇家天文臺(tái)的天文學(xué)家杰克·福斯特說：“上世紀(jì)60年代，由于擔(dān)心人類在外太空可能面臨的危險(xiǎn)，科學(xué)家和工程師主要對(duì)動(dòng)物進(jìn)行了太空飛行，看看它們是否會(huì)因失重或輻射增加或其他可能受到的影響而受到傷害或生命受到威脅。”短語(yǔ)beconcernedabout表示“擔(dān)心”，此處過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填concerned。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.unanticipatedB.momentsC.evolvedD.basicallyE.exploredF.clearlyG.navigateH.ritualsI.integralJ.accessK.inspiringBoatofPowerDragonboatracingbeganinChinamorethan2,000yearsagoaspartofaculturalcommunityeventtomemorizetheancientpoet,QuYuan.Thetraditionalholidaywasatimetoperform____11____forgoodfortuneandwell-being,andtodriveoffevilspirits.Overtime,dragonboatracing____12____intoaglobalsport.TheToronto-basedDragonsAbreastteamstandsoutatthissportforafewreasons.Forone,the79-memberteamincludespeopleranginginagefrom30to93.PriortojoiningDragonsAbreast,somemembershadn’tbeenpartofasportsteamsincechildhoodandwouldn’thavedescribedthemselvesasparticularlyathleticones.Andwhathasbroughtthesewomentogetherissomething____13____—livingwithbreastcancer.Thebreastcancersurvivorsonthisteamareinthesameboatineveryway.Formany,beingpartofacommunitythatknows____14____howlifechangesafterbreastcancerisasbeneficialasthephysicalgains.Theteamoffersasupportivespaceto____15____allthecomplexitiesofsurvivorship.“Iwassosurprisedathow____16____theracingwasforme,”saysLizJohnstonHill,theracecoordinatorforDragonsAbreast.“It’salmostoverwhelminghowpeopleencourage,nomatterwhat.”Beingoutonthewaterandconnectingtotheenvironmentisanimportantaspectofdragonboatingformanyoftheteammembers.Theytalkabouthowitprovides____17____ofpeaceandencouragesmindfulness,somethingwecouldallusemoreofinourlives.Outsideofdragonboat,themembersarea(n)____18____partofeachother’slife.“We’veallbeenthrough____19____thesamethinginourvariousways,”saystheracecoordinatorLizJohnstonHill.Whilethenumberofbreastcancersurvivorteamsgrows,barrierstothesportremainsuchascost,time,_____20_____towaterandpracticefacilitiesandthelackofculturalandlanguagediversity.Butthereareongoingeffortstointroducemorepeoplelivingwithbreastcancertodragonboat.【答案】11.H12.C13.A14.F15.G16.K17.B18.I19.D20.J【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了多倫多一支龍舟隊(duì)伍里全是患有乳腺癌的女性，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的乳腺癌幸存者在各個(gè)方面都處于同一條船上。團(tuán)隊(duì)提供了一個(gè)支持性的空間來(lái)引導(dǎo)生存的所有復(fù)雜性。【11題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日是舉行儀式祈求好運(yùn)和幸福，驅(qū)除惡靈的時(shí)候。根據(jù)“forgoodfortuneandwell-being,andtodriveoffevilspirits”以及句意“儀式”可知應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)名詞rituals，故選H?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，賽龍舟演變成了一項(xiàng)全球性的運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)“intoaglobalsport”以及句意“演變”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞evolved，為一般過去時(shí)。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：讓這些女性走到一起的是一件意想不到的事情——患有乳腺癌。根據(jù)“l(fā)ivingwithbreastcancer”以及句意“意想不到”可知應(yīng)填形容詞unanticipated，作定語(yǔ)。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：對(duì)許多人來(lái)說，成為一個(gè)清楚地知道乳腺癌后生活如何變化的社區(qū)的一部分，與身體上的收獲一樣有益。根據(jù)“howlifechangesafterbreastcancer”以及句意“清楚地”可知應(yīng)填副詞clearly，修飾動(dòng)詞know。故選F?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：團(tuán)隊(duì)提供了一個(gè)支持性的空間來(lái)引導(dǎo)生存的所有復(fù)雜性。根據(jù)“allthecomplexitiesofsurvivorship”以及句意“引導(dǎo)”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞navigate，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故選G?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：“我很驚訝，這場(chǎng)比賽對(duì)我來(lái)說是多么的鼓舞人心，”LizJohnstonHill說，她是Dragons并排比賽的協(xié)調(diào)員。根據(jù)“Iwassosurprised”以及句意“鼓舞人心”可知應(yīng)填形容詞inspiring，作表語(yǔ)。故選K?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們談到它如何提供平靜的“時(shí)刻”，并鼓勵(lì)正念，這是我們?cè)谏钪卸伎梢愿嗍褂玫臇|西。根據(jù)“ofpeaceandencouragesmindfulness”以及句意“時(shí)刻”可知應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)名詞moments，作賓語(yǔ)。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在龍舟之外，成員們是彼此生活中不可分割的一部分。根據(jù)“partofeachother’slife”以及句意“不可分割的”可知應(yīng)填形容詞integral，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞part。故選I。【19題詳解】考查副詞。句意：“我們基本上都以不同的方式經(jīng)歷過同樣的事情，”比賽協(xié)調(diào)員利茲·約翰斯頓·希爾說。根據(jù)“thesamethinginourvariousways”以及句意“基本上”可知應(yīng)填副詞basically，作狀語(yǔ)。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：雖然乳腺癌幸存者團(tuán)隊(duì)的數(shù)量在增加，但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的障礙仍然存在，如成本、時(shí)間、水和訓(xùn)練設(shè)施的獲取以及缺乏文化和語(yǔ)言多樣性。根據(jù)“towaterandpracticefacilities”以及句意“獲取”可知應(yīng)填名詞access，故選J。II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Likeanythingbuiltbyevolution,thehumanbodyhasmanydownsides,teethwithoutexception.Adulthumansonlygetonesetofteeth,whichmustlastabout60years.However,a(n)____21____ofpoverty,sugar-richdietsandpoorhygienemeans2.5bnpeoplegloballysufferfromtoothdecay,inwhichacidproducedbymouth-livingbacteriaeatsawaythehardenamel(牙釉質(zhì))that____22____theoutsideofatooth,leadingtofurtherinfectionanddamage.Oncedecayhassetin,alladentistcandoistofillthegapwithartificialfilling.ButinapaperpublishedinCell,HanneleRuohola-Baker,astem-cellbiologistattheUniversityofWashington,andhercolleaguesofferapossible____23____.Stemcellshavethe____24____toturnthemselvesintoanyothertypeofcellinthebody.Itmaysoonbepossible,theresearchersclaim,tousethose____25____cellstoregrowatooth’senamelnaturally.Thefirststepwastoworkouthowenamelisproduced.Asenamel-makingcells,knownasameloblasts,disappearsoonafteraperson’sadultteethhavefinishedgrowing,theresearchers____26____samplesoftissuefromhumanfoetuses(胚胎),whichcontainplentyoffunctioningameloblasts.____27____,theycheckedtoseewhichgeneswereespeciallyactiveintheenamel-producingcells.Itturnedoutthatgenesdesignedtobindtocalciumwereparticularlybusy.____28____thatinformation,DrRuohola-Bakerandhercolleaguesnextcheckedtoseewhetherthestemcellscouldbepersuadedto____29____ameloblasts.Theteamdevisedvariousdrugsdesignedtoactivatethegenesexpressedinfunctioningameloblasts.Thatworked,withtheengineeredameloblastsproducingthesameproteinsasthenaturalsort.Fornow,theworkismoreconceptthanamedicaltreatment.Thenextstepistoboostenamelproductionfurther,withaviewto____30____beginningclinicaltrials.Thehopeisthat,oneday,medicalversionsoftheteam’sfindingscouldbeusedasbiologicalimplants,to____31____apatient’sdecayedteeth.Stem-cell-basedtherapiesarenottheonlyonesheadingtoclinicaltrials.Anothertreatment,knownasbiomimeticrepair,involvesrebuildingthetoothcrownusingsynthetic(人工合成的)proteins,whicharesimilar,butnotquite____32____,tohumanenamel.Theproteinscouldbeincludedintoothpasteandevencoughdrops.Butsyntheticformulationscanbeless____33____thanhumanenamel.Itwilltaketimeforeithertechnologytobecomereality.Onequestionishowdurabletheenamelmadebystem-cell-derivedameloblastsis.Anotherishowbesttodeliverthestemcellstoapatient’smouth.Butthesefindingsare____34____.Asanydentistwilltellyou,preventionisbetterthancure.____35____,abettercurewouldbealwayswelcome.Thereisnodoubtthatthisresearchoffersanewprospectforfuturedentalcare.21.A.combination B.absence C.application D.coincidence22.A.contains B.coats C.floats D.fills23.A.procedure B.alternative C.variation D.recipe24.A.opportunity B.obligation C.capacity D.intention25.A.changeable B.noticeable C.complicated D.practical26.A.appealedto B.objectedto C.appliedto D.turnedto27.A.Then B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Still28.A.Pleasedby B.Puzzledby C.Armedwith D.Coveredwith29.A.transforminto B.breakdown C.speedup D.respondto30.A.exclusively B.permanently C.inevitably D.eventually31.A.resemble B.reform C.regenerate D.recycle32.A.identical B.subject C.relevant D.unique33.A.accessible B.diverse C.durable D.influential34.A.fulfilling B.stimulating C.initiating D.promising35.A.Likewise B.Furthermore C.Nevertheless D.Instead【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.C25.A26.D27.A28.C29.A30.D31.C32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家對(duì)于干細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化成成釉細(xì)胞的研究過程和意義?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，由于貧困、高糖飲食和衛(wèi)生條件差，全球有25億人患有蛀牙，口腔細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的酸會(huì)侵蝕覆蓋在牙齒外部的硬牙釉質(zhì)，導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步的感染和損傷。A.combination組合；B.absence缺席；C.application應(yīng)用；D.coincidence巧合。根據(jù)后文的“ofpoverty,sugar-richdietsandpoorhygiene”可知，貧困、高糖飲食和衛(wèi)生條件差的結(jié)合，導(dǎo)致了人患有蛀牙。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，由于貧困、高糖飲食和衛(wèi)生條件差，全球有25億人患有蛀牙，口腔細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的酸會(huì)侵蝕覆蓋在牙齒外部的硬牙釉質(zhì)，導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步的感染和損傷。A.contains包含；B.coats覆蓋；C.floats漂??；D.fills填充?？涨暗膖hat引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是enamel。根據(jù)后文的“theoutsideofatooth”結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，牙釉質(zhì)覆蓋在牙齒外部。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是在《細(xì)胞》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中，華盛頓大學(xué)的干細(xì)胞生物學(xué)家HanneleRuohola-Baker和她的同事提供了一種可能的替代方法。A.procedure程序；B.alternative備選方案；C.variation變異；D.recipe配方。根據(jù)前文的“Oncedecayhassetin,alladentistcandoistofillthegapwithartificialfilling.”和后文的“Stemcellshavethe4toturnthemselvesintoanyothertypeofcellinthebody.Itmaysoonbepossible,theresearchersclaim,tousethose5cellstoregrowatooth’senamelnaturally.”可知，利用干細(xì)胞自然地再生牙齒的牙釉質(zhì)是對(duì)前文用人工填充物填補(bǔ)空隙的替代方法。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：干細(xì)胞有能力將自己轉(zhuǎn)化為體內(nèi)任何其他類型的細(xì)胞。A.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；B.obligation機(jī)會(huì)；C.capacity能力；D.intention打算。根據(jù)后文的“toturnthemselvesintoanyothertypeofcellinthebody.Itmaysoonbepossible,theresearchersclaim,tousethose5cellstoregrowatooth’senamelnaturally.”可知，干細(xì)胞有能力將自己轉(zhuǎn)化為體內(nèi)任何其他類型的細(xì)胞。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員聲稱，利用這些可變化的細(xì)胞自然地再生牙齒的牙釉質(zhì)可能很快就會(huì)成為可能。A.changeable可變的；B.noticeable引人注目的；C.complicated復(fù)雜的；D.practical實(shí)際的。根據(jù)前文的“Stemcellshavethe4toturnthemselvesintoanyothertypeofcellinthebody.”可知，干細(xì)胞是可變化的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：由于牙釉質(zhì)生成細(xì)胞，即成釉細(xì)胞，在人的成年牙齒完成生長(zhǎng)后很快就會(huì)消失，研究人員轉(zhuǎn)向了人類胎兒的組織樣本，其中含有大量的功能成釉細(xì)胞。A.appealedto呼吁；B.objectedto反對(duì)；C.appliedto應(yīng)用于；D.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向。根據(jù)前文的“Asenamel-makingcells,knownasameloblasts,disappearsoonafteraperson’sadultteethhavefinishedgrowing”和后文“samplesoftissuefromhumanfoetuses(胚胎),whichcontainplentyoffunctioningameloblasts.”可知，成釉細(xì)胞在成年人的身體里沒有，故研究人員轉(zhuǎn)向了人類胎兒的組織樣本。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他們檢查哪些基因在產(chǎn)生牙釉質(zhì)的細(xì)胞中特別活躍。A.Then然后；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否則；D.Still還。根據(jù)前文的“theresearchers6samplesoftissuefromhumanfoetuses(胚胎),whichcontainplentyoffunctioningameloblasts.”可知，研究人員轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)θ祟愄旱慕M織樣本的研究，然后就進(jìn)行了具體的研究。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：有了這些信息，Ruohola-Baker博士和她的同事們接下來(lái)檢查了干細(xì)胞是否可以轉(zhuǎn)化成成釉細(xì)胞。A.Pleasedby對(duì)……感到高興；B.Puzzledby對(duì)……感到困惑；C.Armedwith

擁有；D.Coveredwith被……覆蓋。根據(jù)前文的“theycheckedtoseewhichgeneswereespeciallyactiveintheenamel-producingcells.Itturnedoutthatgenesdesignedtobindtocalciumwereparticularlybusy.”可知，他們找到了特別活躍的產(chǎn)生牙釉質(zhì)的細(xì)胞，因此有了這些信息，Ruohola-Baker博士和她的同事們開始展開進(jìn)一步的研究。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：有了這些信息，Ruohola-Baker博士和她同事們接下來(lái)檢查了干細(xì)胞是否可以轉(zhuǎn)化成成釉細(xì)胞。A.transforminto轉(zhuǎn)化為；B.breakdown分解；C.speedup加速；D.respondto回應(yīng)。根據(jù)前文的“thestemcellscouldbepersuadedto”和后文“ameloblasts”可知，研究人員想把干細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化成成釉細(xì)胞。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：下一步是進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)牙釉質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生，以期最終開始臨床試驗(yàn)。A.exclusively唯一地；B.permanently永久地；C.inevitably不可避免地；D.eventually最后。根據(jù)后文的“beginningclinicaltrials”可知，開始臨床試驗(yàn)是研究的最終目標(biāo)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：希望有一天，該團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究成果的醫(yī)學(xué)版本可以用作生物植入物，以再生患者的蛀牙。A.resemble類似于；B.reform改革；C.regenerate再生；D.recycle回收利用。根據(jù)后文的“apatient’sdecayedteeth.”可知，使患者的蛀牙再生是研究的目的。故選C項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：另一種被稱為仿生修復(fù)的治療方法是使用合成蛋白質(zhì)重建牙冠，這種蛋白質(zhì)與人類牙釉質(zhì)相似，但并不完全相同。A.identical相同的；B.subject服從于；C.relevant相關(guān)的；D.unique唯一的。根據(jù)前文的“whicharesimilar,butnot”可知，二者相似，但并不完全相同。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但合成配方可能不如人類牙釉質(zhì)耐用。A.accessible可接近的；B.diverse多樣的；C.durable耐用的；D.influential有很大影響的。根據(jù)前文的“Anothertreatment,knownasbiomimeticrepair,involvesrebuildingthetoothcrownusingsynthetic(人工合成的)proteins,whicharesimilar,butnotquite12,tohumanenamel.”、“Butsyntheticformulationscanbeless”和后文“thanhumanenamel”可知，這種合成蛋白質(zhì)與人類牙釉質(zhì)相似，但并不完全相同，可能不如人類牙釉質(zhì)耐用。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是有希望的。A.fulfilling實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.stimulating刺激；C.initiating開始；D.promising承諾。根據(jù)前文的“Itwilltaketimeforeithertechnologytobecomereality.”可知，這兩種技術(shù)都需要時(shí)間才能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，但這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是有希望的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，更好的治療方法總是受歡迎的。A.Likewise同樣地；B.Furthermore此外；C.Nevertheless然而；D.Instead相反。根據(jù)前文的“Asanydentistwilltellyou,preventionisbetterthancure.”和后文“abettercurewouldbealwayswelcome”可知，前后句意存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WhenStevenSpielbergwasakidgrowingupinthe1950sinArizona,watchingwesternsonhisfamily’s20-inchblack-and-whiteTV,hewouldclimbrightuptothescreen,asiftosurroundhimselfwiththeimage.Healsowishedhecouldseethesemovingpicturesincolor.Sohesearchedthroughhisfamily’scollectionofslidesquickly,havinglearnedthatbyholdingonefilmoranotheruptothetelevisionscreenhecouldturngrayed-outwesternskiesblue,orthegroundtoarealistic-lookinggreen.Sometimeshismomwalkedin,andshesawhimholdingtheseslidesuptobothofhiseyes,rightnexttotheTVset.Often,shewouldsay,“You’regoingtoburnyoureyesout!”Spielberg’smom,likealltheother50smomswhosaidthesamething,waswrongaboutthat.Butweallknowwhatshemusthavebeenthinking:Whoisthischild?Ifyou’veseenevenjustoneStevenSpielbergmovieinthepast50yearsorso—JawsSchindler‘sLisl,E.T—youhavesomesenseofwhothischildgrewuptobe.Andwhenyouseehisnewfilm,TheFabelmans,aworkofastonishingvividnessthat’sdrawnfromhisownfamily’sstory,you’llknowevenmore.Movieshavebeenaroundforroughly130years;Spielberg’scareerhascoveredmorethanathirdofthat.YetTheFabelmanshardlyfeelslikealate-careermovie.It’sajetwayforanewbeginning.Notevery75-year-oldfilmmakermakesamovielikethis.OftheambitiousyoungguyswhoremadeHollywoodintheearly1970s,Spielbergisoneofthefewstillmakingvitalpicturesataconsistentclip.Yethiscareerisextraordinaryinanycontext.He’smadesomebox-officedisappointments,butnamingabadlymadeSpielbergfilmishard,probablybecausethereisn’tone.Nolivingfilmmakercanmatchhisdevotiontocraftsmanship,tofindingnewwaysofshowingusthingswethinkwe’veseenamilliontimesbefore.36.HowdidSpielberg’smomfeelwhenshesawherson’sbehaviorinfrontoftheTVset?A.Proudbutupset. B.Surprisedbutsupportive.C.Annoyedanddesperate. D.Worriedandconfused.37.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhySpielberg’scareerisregardedasextraordinary?A.HeshowedgreatinterestinfilmingataveryyoungageB.Hiscareercoversmorethanathirdofthemoviehistory.C.Heiscommittedtofilmingordinarythingsfromnewperspectives.D.Hisfilmsareallwell-madedespitesomebox-officedisappointments38.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSpielberg’snewfilmTheFabelmans?A.It’sthemostoutstandingfilmhehasevermadeinhiscareer.B.Ithasbeenintegratedwithpartofhisgrowingexperience.C.Itrepresentsatotallybrandnewtypeoffilmtheme.D.ItestablishedSpielbergasthemostinfluentialfilmmaker.39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Curiositymakessuccess. B.Daringtobedifferent.C.Agiantinfilmmaking. D.Aground-makingnewfilm.【答案】36.D37.A38.B39.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了導(dǎo)演史蒂文·斯皮爾伯格個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及成就。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Sometimeshismomwalkedin,andshesawhimholdingtheseslidesuptobothofhiseyes,rightnexttotheTVset.Often,shewouldsay,“You’regoingtoburnyoureyesout!”(有時(shí)他媽媽走進(jìn)來(lái)，看到他把幻燈片舉到雙眼上，就在電視機(jī)旁邊。她經(jīng)常會(huì)說：“你會(huì)把眼睛燒壞的!”)”以及第二段“Spielberg’smom,likealltheother50smomswhosaidthesamething,waswrongaboutthat.Butweallknowwhatshemusthavebeenthinking:Whoisthischild?(斯皮爾伯格的媽媽，就像所有其他50年代的媽媽說同樣的話一樣，錯(cuò)了。但我們都知道她一定在想什么：這個(gè)孩子是誰(shuí)？)”可推知，當(dāng)斯皮爾伯格的媽媽看到兒子在電視機(jī)前的行為時(shí)，她感到擔(dān)心和困惑。故選D?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Movieshavebeenaroundforroughly130years;Spielberg’scareerhascoveredmorethanathirdofthat.(電影已經(jīng)存在了大約130年；斯皮爾伯格的職業(yè)生涯涵蓋了其中的三分之一以上)”；最后一段“OftheambitiousyoungguyswhoremadeHollywoodintheearly1970s,Spielbergisoneofthefewstillmakingvitalpicturesataconsistentclip.(在20世紀(jì)70年代早期重塑好萊塢的雄心勃勃的年輕人中，斯皮爾伯格是少數(shù)幾個(gè)仍在以穩(wěn)定的速度拍攝重要影片的人之一)”以及“Nolivingfilmmakercanmatchhisdevotiontocraftsmanship,tofindingnewwaysofshowingusthingswethinkwe’veseenamilliontimesbefore.(沒有任何一位在世的電影人能與他對(duì)工藝的奉獻(xiàn)相媲美，他尋找新的方式向我們展示我們認(rèn)為已經(jīng)看過一百萬(wàn)次的東西)”可知，A選項(xiàng)“他很小的時(shí)候就對(duì)電影表現(xiàn)出了極大的興趣”不是斯皮爾伯格事業(yè)被認(rèn)為非凡的原因。故選A?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Andwhenyouseehisnewfilm,TheFabelmans,aworkofastonishingvividnessthat’sdrawnfromhisownfamily’sstory,you’llknowevenmore.(當(dāng)你看到他的新電影《法貝爾曼一家》時(shí)，你會(huì)了解得更多，這部電影取材于他自己家庭的故事，令人驚訝地生動(dòng))”可推知，斯皮爾伯格的新片《法貝爾曼一家》是他成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷的一部分。故選B?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nolivingfilmmakercanmatchhisdevotiontocraftsmanship,tofindingnewwaysofshowingusthingswethinkwe’veseenamilliontimesbefore.(沒有任何一位在世的電影人能與他對(duì)工藝的奉獻(xiàn)相媲美，他尋找新的方式向我們展示我們認(rèn)為已經(jīng)看過一百萬(wàn)次的東西)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了導(dǎo)演史蒂文·斯皮爾伯格的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及成就。可知，C選項(xiàng)“電影界的巨人”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。(B)“Areaderlivesathousandlivesbeforehedies.Themanwhoneverreadslivesonlyone.”GeorgeR.R.Martin,Authorof“AGameofThrones”Whatdothese4guyssharethatyoudon’t?BILLGATESMARKZUCKERBERGJEFFBEZOSWARRENBUFFETTNo,it’snottheirshoesize.Theyread.Atleasttwobooksamonth,They’realsoamongthetop10richestpeopleintheworld.Andthey’renotaloneintheirloveforbooks,with1,200othermillionaires,whoquotereadingasacorepartoftheirself-educationYouknewthatreadingbooksmakesyourlifebetter,It’snotevenallaboutmoney,fameandsuccess.It’saboutbecomingamoreknowledgeableandvaluableperson.Additionally,readinghelp;youpreventstressandkeepdepressionatbay,whileenhancingyourconfidence,improvingyourdecision-making,increasingyourempathyandoverallsatisfactionwithlife.Youknowallthebenefitsofreading,sowhat’sstoppingyoufromreadingmorebooks?Time!“Idon’thavetimetoread.”Haveyousaidthosewordsbefore?Yousayitbecause...youhaveanincrediblydemandingcollegedegreetostudyfor…yourlovedonesaresittingathome,countingonyoutoputfoodonthetable...youaretoooccupiedwithworktoopenabook.Butlet’simagineanotherrealityforasecond.Whatwouldyourlifelooklikeifyoureadjusttwobookseverymonth?Wouldyoufinally..havewhatittakestostartthatbusiness?beabetterparent?feelmorefulfilled?Holdontothatvisionforasecond.Ifyouwanttomakeitareality,thisemailcourse,Time2Read,willbeyourguideforthenext10days.Itsfreeofchargeandspecificallydesignedtohelpyoutaketimeback,startbuildingadailyreadinghabitandturnwantingtoreadintoactualreading.Here’swhatyou’lllearn:Lesson1:HowtogetyourattentionspanbackAsimple,yetpowerfulideaandafunexperimenttohelpyoustartgivingreadingtheplaceinyourlifethatitdeservesLesson2:WhynoonecomparestoyouDiscover“TheRainbowPrinciple”&howtotakestockofyourcurrentsituationLesson3:HowtoshowyourselfyouDOhavetimetoreadWhyCharlieMungerdoesn’tlethimselfgetawayeasilywithanopinion&whatyoucanlearnfromtheItalianSquadLesson4:HowyoucanmakereadingeffortlessWe’lladaptatechniqueusedbytheworld’sbestmountaineerstohelpyoubuildyourreadinghabitlikeaprowouldLesson5:Howyoucantriggeryourselftoreadwithouthavingtorememberit“TheBobbyFischer