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高二—人教版—英語—選擇性必修二第一單元
Unit1
SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS
Lesson3:DiscoverUsefulStructures&UsingStructuresLearningObjectives(學習目標)Bytheendofthelesson,youwillbeableto:1.understandthebasicformofpredicativeclauses(表語從句).
2.mastertheusagesofdifferentsubordinatingconjunctions(從屬連詞)thatleadpredicativeclauses.3.understandthemeaningsandfunctionsofpredicativeclauses.4.usepredicativeclausescorrectlyandproperlyincontext(語境中).
RevisionQ1.InPara.2,whatwerethetwocontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.InPara.3,whydidthewomenandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Q1.
InPara.2,whatwerethecontradictorytheoriesdoctorshadinthosedays?Q2.
InPara.3,whydidthewomenandherdaughterdieofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet?Q3.
Whatwas“thetruth”mentionedinPara.4?Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.
Itseemed
thatthewomenlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.ThetruthwasthatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.RevisionExplore:Observeandfind1.Onetheory
was
thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another
was
thatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfood
andwater.3.It
seemed
thatthewomenlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshe
haditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth
was
thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected
bywaste.SubjectSubjectSubjectSubjectLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbLinkingverbDependentclause(從句)Dependentclause(從句)Dependentclause(從句)Dependentclause(從句)ThebasicformofPredicativeClause:Subject+Linkingverbs+[subordinatingconjunction+otherelements]PCthat,whether,how,where,what,asif...be,seem,appear,look,sound...1.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscienceiswhatmakesmeimmenselysatisfied.—BillGates2.Thenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobewhengeneticsandcomputerscometogether.—AlvinToffler3.Thedoctorhasbeentaughttobeinterestednotinhealthbutindisease.Whatthepublicistaughtisthathealthisthecurefordisease.—AshleyMontagu4.ResearchiswhatI’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.
—WernhervonBraunPractice:Findoutpredicativeclausesineachsentence.1.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscienceis
whatmakesmeimmenselysatisfied.—BillGates2.Thenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobe
whengeneticsandcomputerscometogether.—AlvinToffler3.Thedoctorhasbeentaughttobeinterestednotinhealthbutindisease.Whatthepublicistaughtis
thathealthisthecurefordisease.
—AshleyMontagu4.Researchis
whatI’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.
—WernhervonBraunPractice:Findoutpredicativeclausesineachsentence.Whatsubordinatingconjunctions(從屬連詞)canleadapredicativeclause?1.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscienceis
whatmakesmeimmenselysatisfied.—BillGates2.Thenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobe
whengeneticsandcomputerscometogether.—AlvinToffler3.Thedoctorhasbeentaughttobeinterestednotinhealthbutindisease.Whatthepublicistaughtis
thathealthisthecurefordisease.
—AshleyMontagu4.Researchis
whatI’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.
—WernhervonBraunPractice:Findoutpredicativeclausesineachsentence.Howaretheseconjunctionsusedinapredicativeclause?Tip1:Usagesofdifferentsubordinatingconjunctionsthatcanleadapredicativeclause引導詞用法連詞that在從句中不充當成分,無意義whether在從句中不充當成分,意為“是否”連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在從句中充當主語,賓語,定語連接副詞how,when,where,why在從句中充當狀語其它連詞because,asif,asthough在從句中不充當成分,意為“因為,好像,似乎”1.Onetheory
was
______badaircausedthedisease.2.Whatpeoplereallydoubt
is__________thedoctorwilldefeattheseriousillness.3.It
seemed_______theworldwerecomingtoanend.4.Thisappliedscience,whichsavesworkandmakeslifeeasier,bringsuslittlehappiness.That
is________wehavenotyetlearntomakesensibleuseofit.
that(在從句中不充當成分)whether(在從句中不充當成分,意為“是否”,表語從句中不能使用“if”)
asif(在從句中不充當成分,意為“好像”)表語從句中SVO成分完整連詞:在從句中不充當成分表語從句中SVO成分完整表語從句中SVO成分完整
because(在從句中不充當成分,意為“因為”)表語從句中SP成分完整Tip1:Usagesofdifferentsubordinatingconjunctionsthatcanleadapredicativeclause引導詞用法連詞that在從句中不充當成分,無意義whether在從句中不充當成分,意為“是否”連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在從句中充當主語,賓語,定語連接副詞how,when,where,why在從句中充當狀語其它連詞because,asif,asthough在從句中不充當成分,意為“因為,好像,似乎”5.Understandingscienceandpushingtheboundariesofscience
is
______
makesmeimmenselysatisfied.
6.Thatis_______manyexpertsareworryingabout.
7.TherearedozensofbooksaboutZoologyinlibrary.However,whatreallymakeshimconfused
is_______isthemostsuitableoneforhisresearchpaper.what(在從句中充當主語,意為“...的事情”)which(在從句中充當主語,意為“哪一(本)...”)連接代詞:在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語表語從句中缺少主語
what(在從句中充當賓語,意為“...的事情”)表語從句中缺少賓語表語從句中缺少主語8.Theproblem
is__________couldfindoutacureforthedisease.9.WhatIhavenotdecided
is________Iamgoingtovisit.10.Bothmyparentshavegivenmesomeadviceonhowtosavemoney.Butthequestion
is
______adviceIshouldtake.
whose(在從句中充當定語,意為“誰的...”)連接代詞:在從句中充當成分主語、賓語、定語表語從句中缺少定語表語從句中缺少主語whom(在從句中充當賓語,意為“誰”)表語從句中缺少賓語who(在從句中充當主語,意為“誰”)Tip1:Usagesofdifferentsubordinatingconjunctionsthatcanleadapredicativeclause引導詞用法連詞that在從句中不充當成分,無意義whether在從句中不充當成分,意為“是否”連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在從句中充當主語,賓語,定語連接副詞how,when,where,why在從句中充當狀語其它連詞because,asif,asthough在從句中不充當成分,意為“因為,好像,似乎”11.WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworld
was
______choleracouldbeovercome.12.TheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemapwere
_______allthosewhodiedhadlived.13.WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindout
was
________
morethan500peoplediedintendays.14.Thenextmajorexplosionisgoingtobe
________
geneticsandcomputerscometogether.
how
where
when表語從句中SVA成分完整,缺少原因狀語:“為什么...”連接副詞:在從句中充當方式、地點、原因、時間狀語表語從句中SV成分完整,缺少方式狀語:“如何”表語從句中SV成分完整,缺少時間狀語:“...的時候”why表語從句中SV成分完整,缺少地點狀語:“...的地方”Explore:Observeandthink1.Onetheory
was
thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another
was
that
cholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.3.It
seemed
thatthewomenlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth
was
thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Whatmeaningsandfunctionsdothesepredicativeclausescommunicateineachsentence?Explore:Observeandthink1.Onetheory
was
thatbadaircausedthedisease.2.Another
was
that
cholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodandwater.3.It
seemed
thatthewomenlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4.Thetruth
was
thatwaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.PredicativeClausesareoftenused:1.todirectlyexplainoremphasizewhattheSubjectisingreaterdetail.2.functionasaComplement
(補語)totheSubject.
Practice:Completethefollowingquestionsbyusingpredicativeclausesandfigureoutwhatmeaningsandfunctionstheycommunicate.
EXAMPLE
WhatwasitthatJohnSnowshowedtotheworld?
WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwashowcholeracouldbeovercome.1.WhatwasSnow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondon?
Snow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsin
Londonwasthat_________________________.2.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854outbreakofcholerainLondon?
WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhy______________________________________________.3.WhatweretheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemap?
TheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemapwerewhere__________________________.4.WhatwasthefindingthatSnowannounced?
Snow’sfindingwasthat__________________________________.Practice:Completethefollowingquestionsbyusingpredicativeclausesandfigureoutwhatmeaningsandfunctionstheycommunicate.
thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendaysthecholeraoutbreakhadcausedmorethan500peoplediedintendaysallthosewhodiedhadlivedthepumpwatercarriedcholeragermsApply:UsethetargetstructureincontextDavidistalkingtoMariaabouttheirscientificresearchproject.First,completeDavid’slines(A-E),usingthewordsinthebox;A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas___________happenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemed___________allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas______wecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly.Theproblemwasnotabout___________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding__________________theorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot___________aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather________wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas___________wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhetherA:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas___________happenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemed___________allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas______wecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotabout___________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butindeciding__________________theorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot___________aspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butrather________wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas___________wehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhetherwhatasifthatwhetherwhich/whatwhat/whichhowwhyFirst,completeDavid’slines(A-E),usingthewordsinthebox;ThenputDavid'slinesinthecorrectorder.A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly.Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:__________________Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:__________________Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:_________________Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:_________________Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:__________________ThenputDavid'slinesinthecorrectorder.A:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitial(初始的)stageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.B:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.C:Exactly!Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.D:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!E:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:__________________Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:__________________Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:_________________Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:_________________Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:__________________A:“initialstage”(logicalconnector)C:“decidingwhattheorytodependupon”-“Decidingonatheory”(lexicalconnectors)B:“couldn'tpersuadeoneanother”-“this”(grammaticalconnector)E:“Atlast”-“intheend”(logicalconnectors)D:apossibleanswertotheWh-question(grammaticalconnector)Answerthecomprehensionquestionsbyusingpredicativeclauses.Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.David:Absolutely!Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitialstageofourgroup'sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework?David:ExactlyTheproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butindecidingwhat/whichtheorytodependupon.Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.David:Yes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwecouldn'tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.David:You'reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas
whywehadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend?David:Werealizedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhat/whichaspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!Q1:WhatwasDavid’sgroup’sresearch?Q2:Whatwastheproblem?Q3:Whatwasthekeyissue?Q4:Whatdidtheycareabout?A:David’sgroup’sresearchwas
that
theywantedtodevelopavaccineformalaria.A:Theproblemwas
thattheyhadtodecidewhich/whattheorytodependupon.A:Thekeyissuewas
whytheyhadtocarryouttheresearchinthefirstplace.A:Whattheycaredaboutwas
howtheycanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect.ArecapofpredicativeclausesForm:Subject+Linkingverbs+[subordinatingconjunction+otherelements]Functions:PredicativeClausesareoftenusedtodirectlyexplainoremphasizewhattheSubjectisingreaterdetailandfunctionasaComplement(補語)totheSubject.Usages:CompleteExercise2inAssessingYourProgressonP10.Assignment2.CompleteExercise2ofUsingStructuresin
WorkbookonP62.THANKYOU!高二—人教版—英語—選擇性必修二第一單元
Unit1
SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS
Lesson3:DiscoverUsefulStructures&UsingStructures答疑1.Complete
Exercise2
inAssessingYourProgressonP10.Assignment2.CompleteExercise2ofUsingStructuresinWorkbookonP62.1.CompleteExercise2
inAssessingYourProgresson
P10.Science
issimply_________youcando.Anddoingsciencemakesyouascientist!So,whatdoscientistsdo?Actually,whatmatters
isnotonly_________theyobserveintheworldaroundthemandwhatquestionstheyask,butalso
_________
theyuseevidenceordatatoanswerthequestions.Theyidentifyusefuldataandtakenewmeasurements.
Someofthekeyissuesthatscientistsfaceare_________
calculationstheydoand_________
theyanalysetheirdatatodrawconclusionsaboutthequestionstheyask.
Thefinalissue,whichmanybelievetobethemostimportant,is_________theyneedtocommunicatetheirresults.This
is_________
theywanteveryonetobenefitfromtheirwork!It
seems_________
scienceisall
aroundus.Yousee,bydoingscience,scientists
getabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandsharethatunderstandingwiththewholeworld.whatwhathowwhathowthat/asifwhybecause1A:Papermaking,printing,gunpowder,andthecompassarethefourgreatinventionsofancientChina.TheyaresignificantcontributionsoftheChinesenationtotheworld.B:Sure,theyare.WhatIwanttoknowthough
is____________________________________________________________________2A:Th
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