大學英語語法課件

CollegeEnglishGrammarPPTCoursewareIntroductionNounVerbSubjectsandadvertisementsPositionsandconnectionsSubordinateclauseNonfineverbsSubjunctivemood目錄01IntroductionCourseTitleCollegeEnglishGrammarPPTCourseCourseDescriptionThiscourseisdesignedtoprovidestudentswithacomprehensiveunderstandingofEnglishgrammarthroughtheuseofPowerPointpresentationsCourseObjectivesThecourseaimstoimprovestudents'abilitytounderstandanduseEnglishgrammarcorrectly,developtheirlanguageskills,andenhancetheircommunicationabilitiesCourseIntroductionLearningobjectivesLearnhowtoanalyzepresencestructuresandidentifygraphicalerrorsDevelopeffectivelanguagelearningstrategiesandhabitsUnderstandthebasicstructureandrulesofEnglishgrammarApplygraphicalknowledgetowriteandspeakcommunication02NounNounsthatcanbecountedandhaveapluralform.Example:"apple","book"Nounsthatcannotbecountedanddonothaveapluralform.Example:"milk","bread"CountableanduncountablenounsUncountablenounsCountablenounsPositivenounsindicateownershiporsessionTheyareformedbyadding'stotheendofthenounExample:"John'scar","theboss'soffice"Propnouns(namesofspecificpeopleorplaces)formthepassivebyadding'sExample:"Emma'scat","NewYork'sskyline"PositivecaseofnounsAnouncanbeusedasanattributeorcompletioninasenseExample:"Sheisateacher.""Thisismybrother."Nounsusedasattributescanbecountableoruncountable,dependingonthecontextExample:"Ilikereadingbooks."(Countable)"Shehasabeautifulvoice."(Countable)Whenanounisusedasanattribute,itfollowsalinkingverb(is,sees,because,etc.).Example:"Heisadoctor.""Shebecauseanartist."Nounsasattributes03VerbItisusedtoexpressanactionthatoccursregularlyorisalwaystrueSimplepresenttenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatwilloccurinthefutureFuturetenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatoccurredinthepastPasttenseTenseVoiceActivevoiceItemphasizesthesubjectperformingtheactionPassivevoiceItemphasizestheactionperformedonthesubjectItexpressesoneperson,place,orthingperforminganactionSingularsubjectwithsingularverbItexpressesmorethanoneperson,place,orthingperforminganactionPluralsubjectwithpluralverbSubjectverbconsistency04SubjectsandadvertisementsAdjectivesDefinitionAdjectivesarewordsthatdescribeormodifynounsorpronounsTypesThereareseveraltypesofobjectives,includingdescriptive,positive,andquantityPlacementAdjectivescommonlycomebeforethenountheymodify,butsuccessiveobjectionscancomeafterthenounComparativeandSuperlativeSomeobjectiveshavecomparativeandsuperiorformsthatexpressdegreesofcomparisonAdvertisementsarewordsthatdescribeormodifyverbs,objections,orotheradvertisementsDefinitionCommontypesofadvertisementsincludebanner,time,place,degree,andfrequencyadvertisementsTypesAdvantageouslycomeafterthesubjectandbeforetheverbinsimpleintentionsPlacementSomeadvertisementshavecomparativeandsuperlativeformsthatexpressdegreesofcomparisonComparativeandSuperlativeAdvertisersVSComparativeformsexpressagreaterdegreeofaquality,whilesuperiorformsexpressthehighestdegreeofaqualitywithinagroupFormationComparativeformsarecommonlyformedbyadding"-er"totheobjectiveoradvisory,whilesuperiorformsareformedbyadding"-est"orapreliminaryphrasewith"of"or"among."DefinitionComparativeandSuperlativeSomeobjectivesandadvertisementshaveirregularcomparativeandsuperiorforms,whichmustbememorizedComparativeandsuperiorformsareusedinexpressingpreferences("Ipreferthelargerone"),comparingthings("Thiscarisfasterthanthatone"),andmoreIrregularFormsUseComparativeandSuperlative05PositionsandconnectionsVSPositionreferstoawordusedtoindicatetherelationshipbetweenanounandothercomponentsofasentence.Positionusuallyindicatestherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandothercomponentsofasentence,suchastime,place,manner,reason,etc.Forexample,"inthemorning"isaprepositionthatrepresentstime.PositionConjunctionreferstoawordusedtoconnecttwoormoresentencesorcomponentsofasentence.Conjunctionsarecommonlyusedtoconnecttwoormoresentencesorcomponentsofasentencetorepresenttheirrelationships,suchasparallelism,inflection,causality,etc.Forexample,conjunctionssuchas"and","but","or"arecommonlyused.ConjunctionUnderstandingandmasteringtheusageofcommonlyusedprepositionsiscrucialforthecorrectuseofEnglish.Commonprepositionsinclude"in","on","at","for","of","from","to",etc.Theyhavedifferentusesandmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Forexample,"in"canrepresentatacertaintime,place,orstate,and"on"canrepresentonacertainsurface,etc.StudentsneedtopracticeandmastertheusageoftheseprepositionsmoretoimprovetheirEnglishlanguageproficiency.Theusageofcommonlyusedpositions06SubordinateclauseNominalclause01Nonclausefunctionsasanouninapresence,providingadditionalinformationoracompletion02Itcanbeformedbysubject,object,orcompletionclauses03Example:"Thecat,whichisblack,isplayingwithaball."(subjectclause)AttributiveclauseAttributiveclausemodificationsanounorpronoun,providingmorespecificinformationaboutitItisintroducedbyamodifyingpropositionsuchas"with,""without,"or"like."Example:"Thecatwiththeredcolarisfriendly."(attributeclausemodifyingthenoun"cat")Adverbialclausefunctionsasanadvocateinasense,modifyingaverb,objective,orotheradvocateItisintroducedbysubcoordinatingconnectionssuchas"when,""because,"or"if."Example:"Whenthecatwakesup,itstripesandyawns."010203Adverbialclause07NonfineverbsDefinitionTheoriginalformofaverbdoesnotindicatetense,andthereisnochangeinpersonornumber.UsageUsedassubject,object,predicate,attributive,adverbial,complement,etc.ExamplesentenceToseeistobelieve(Seeingisbelieving)InfinitiveAgerundthatrepresentsanongoingactionorastateofexistence.Definitionassubject,object,predicate,etc.UsageReadingisoneofmyhobbies(Readingisoneofmyhobbies)ExamplesentenceGerundDefinitionParticleAparticiplethatrepresentsanactionorstate,withoutchangesinpersonornumber.UsageUsedasattributive,adverbial,complement,etc.Thefallleavescoveredtheground(Fallenleavescovertheground)Examplesentence08SubjunctivemoodSummaryThesubjunctionmoodisoftenusedinconditionalsensestoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orconditionsthatarenotactual要點一要點二DetailInconditionalsenses,thesubcriticalmoodistypicallyfoundinthe"if"clause,specificallywhentheconditioniscontemporarytofactorhighlyunlikelytooccurForexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldchoosethatoption."TheusageofsubcriticalmoodinconditionalsensesTheusageofsubcriticalmoodinconditionalsenses"IfIwereabird,Iwouldfly."ExampleThesubjunctionmoodinconditionalsensesisoftenfusedwiththeindicativemood,whichisusedtoexpressfactualconditionsNoteSummaryThesubjectivemoodisusedinobjectclausestoexpresswishesorhypothesesrelatedtothesubjectoftheclauseExample"Iwishshewereherenow."NoteThesubjectivemoodinobjectclasses