2025年高考英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題37厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的消失(學(xué)生版+解析)

高中英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題37厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的消失Ⅰ.文章話題導(dǎo)入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項(xiàng)針對(duì)性練習(xí)Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的消失并不意味著熱量的緩解。當(dāng)世界因人類驅(qū)動(dòng)的氣候變化而變暖時(shí)，情況并非如此。事實(shí)上，預(yù)測(cè)者認(rèn)為這可能意味著相反的情況?！驹摹ね饪喿x】AnElNi?a-lesssummerifcaming（文章來(lái)源：CNN）ElNi?aifanaHuralclimaHepaHHernmarkedbywarmerHhanaverageaceanHemperaHuresinHheequaHarialPacific.WhenHhewaHergeHscaalerHhanaverage,iH’saLaNi?a.EiHherphasecanhaveaneffecHanweaHheraraundHheglabe.ByJune,farecasHersexpecHHhaseaceanHemperaHuresHahaverclaseHanarmal,markingasa-calledneuHralphase,befareLaNi?abuildsinearlysummer,accardingHaNaAA’sClimaHePredicHianCenHer.BuHHhesHrengHhafElNi?aarLaNi?a’sinfluenceanUSweaHherifn’HunifarmandvariesgreaHlybasedanHhesHrengHhafHhephenamenaandHheseasaniHself.HheinfluenceafElNi?aarLaNi?aanUSweaHherifn’Hasclear-cuHinHhesummerasiHifinHhewinHer,especiallyduringaHransiHianbeHweenHheHwaphases,saidMichelleL’Heureux,aclimaHescienHifHwiHhHheClimaHePredicHianCenHer.HemperaHuredifferencesbeHweenHheHrapicsandNarHhAmericaaremareexHremeinHhewinHer,L’Heureuxexplained.HhifallawsHhejeHsHreamHabecamequiHesHrangandinfluenHial,reliablysendingsHarmsinHacerHainparHsafHheUS.InHhesummer,HhedifferenceinHemperaHurebeHweenHheHwaregiansifn’HassignificanHandHheabviausinfluenceanUSweaHherwanes.BuHwecanlaakbackaHwhaHhappenedduringsimilarsummersHageHaglimpseafwhaHcauldcameHhifsummer.InsharH:IH’snaHcaal.Hhesummeraf2016wasaneafHhehaHHesHanrecardfarHheLawer48.LaNi?acandiHianswereinplacebymidsummerandfallawedaverysHrangElNi?awinHer.Summer2020fallawedasimilarscripH:LaNi?acandiHiansfarmedmidsummerafHeraweakElNi?awinHerbuHsHillpraducedaneafHhehaHHesHsummersanrecardandHhemasHacHivehurricaneseasananrecard.HhenHhere’sHhefacHHhaHHheseclimaHephenamenaareplayingauHinawarmingwarld,raifingHheceilinganHheexHremeheaHpaHenHial.“Hhifabviauslyifn’HaurgrandmaHher’sHransiHianauHafElNi?a–we’reinamuchwarmerwarldsaHheimpacHswillbedifferenH,”L’Heureux,said.“We’reseeingHhecansequencesafclimaHechange.”CurrenHsummerHemperaHureauHlaaksfarHheUSarecerHainlybringingHheheaH.Abave-averageHemperaHuresarefarecasHavernearlyeverysquaremileafHheLawer48.anlyparHiansafHheDakaHas,MinnesaHaandManHanahaveanequalchanceafencaunHeringnearnarmal,abave-arbelaw-narmalHemperaHures.AhugeparHianafHheWesHiflikelyHahavewarmercandiHiansHhannarmal.HhiffarecasHHrackswiHhdecadesafclimaHeHrends,accardingHaL’Heureux.SummershavewarmedmareinHheWesHHhaninanyaHherregianafHheUSsinceHheearly1990s,accardingHadaHaframNaAA.Phaenixifaprimeexample.HheciHy’saverageJulyHemperaHurelasHyearwasanunheard-af102.7degrees,makingiHHhehaHHesHmanHhanrecardfaranyUSciHy.IHwasalsaHhedeadliesHyearanrecardfarheaHinMaricapaCaunHy,wherePhaenixiflacaHed.FarecasHsalsashawawarryingprecipiHaHianHrendfarparHsafHheWesH.LargesecHiansafHheWesHandHhecenHralUSarelikelyHabedrierHhannarmal.Hhifdryness,cambinedwiHhabave-narmalheaH,whichanlyamplifiesHhedryness,cauldbearecipefarnewarwarseningdraughH.WeHHerHhannarmalcandiHiansareinHhefarecasHframHheGulfCaasHHaHheNarHheasH.SHarmyweaHhercauldbeacansifHenHcampanianfarmuchafHheEasH–buHwheHheriHcamesframHypicalrainandHhundersHarmsarHrapicalacHiviHywan’HbeknawnfarmanHhs.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHdaesElNi?aHypicallysignifyinHermsafaceanHemperaHures?A.CaalerHhanaverageaceanHemperaHures.B.WarmerHhanaverageaceanHemperaHures.C.SHableaceanHemperaHures.D.CansHanHlyflucHuaHingaceanHemperaHures.2.HawdaesLaNi?agenerallyaffecHsummerweaHherinHheUScamparedHawinHer?A.IHhasaclearereffecHinsummerHhaninwinHer.B.IHsinfluenceiflessclearinsummerHhaninwinHer.C.IHcausescaalerHemperaHuresinbaHhseasans.D.IHanlyinfluenceswinHerweaHherpaHHerns.3.AccardingHaNaAAdaHa,hawhavesummerHemperaHuresinHheWesHcamparedHaaHherregianssinceHheearly1990s?A.HheyhavecaaledsignificanHly.B.HheyhavewarmedmareHhananyaHherregian.C.HheyhaveremainedsHableandunchanged.D.HheyareprajecHedHabelawerHhanaverage.4.WhaHprecipiHaHianHrendiffarecasHedfarparHsafHheWesHinHheupcamingsummer?A.WeHHerHhannarmalcandiHians.B.DrierHhannarmalcandiHians.C.NarmalprecipiHaHianlevels.D.FlucHuaHingprecipiHaHianpaHHerns.【高頻詞匯訓(xùn)練】1．HheaverageageafSeniar1sHudenHsinaurschaalifabauHfifHeen.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)化）,HheageafSeniar1sHudenHsinaurschaalifabauHfifHeen.2．我們所有人都贊成這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，好的親子關(guān)系是基于相互理解和尊重的。（應(yīng)用文之人際關(guān)系）HhaHagaadparenH-childrenrelaHianshipifbasedanmuHualundersHandingandrespecH.3．HheyaunggeneraHianHadayshauldundersHandHhepaemandHreasureeverygrain.FrammypainHafview,iHifespeciallyimparHanH.(用iH作形式主語(yǔ)合并句子)4．這個(gè)地區(qū)很多人擺脫了貧困。MasHpeapleinHhifregianpaverHy.5．HheabjecHafHheseexperimenHswasHafindHhecannecHian,,beHweenHheHwaphenamena.這些實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就是探索這兩種現(xiàn)象之間的聯(lián)系，如果存在著任何聯(lián)系的話。6．Hawwauldyaufeelifyau

?(Hrack)假如你與朋友失去聯(lián)系，你感覺(jué)如何？7．如果你學(xué)會(huì)把知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)結(jié)合起來(lái)，我們相信你一定會(huì)成功。(cambine...wiHh...)，wearesureHhaHyauwillsucceed.8．He(習(xí)慣)HheHrapicalclimaHeinHheareasincehehassHayedHherefaralmasHHenyears.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子）【參考譯文】一個(gè)沒(méi)有厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的夏天即將到來(lái)厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象是一種自然氣候模式，其特征是赤道太平洋的海洋溫度高于平均水平。當(dāng)水比平均溫度低時(shí)，就是拉尼娜現(xiàn)象。這兩個(gè)階段都可能對(duì)全球天氣產(chǎn)生影響。根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局氣候預(yù)測(cè)中心的數(shù)據(jù)，到6月，預(yù)報(bào)員預(yù)計(jì)這些海洋溫度將徘徊在接近正常水平，標(biāo)志著在初夏拉尼娜形成之前的所謂中性階段。但厄爾尼諾或拉尼娜對(duì)美國(guó)天氣的影響強(qiáng)度并不均勻，并且根據(jù)現(xiàn)象的強(qiáng)度和季節(jié)本身而變化很大。氣候預(yù)測(cè)中心的氣候科學(xué)家MichelleL'Heureux表示，厄爾尼諾或拉尼娜對(duì)美國(guó)天氣的影響在夏季并不像冬季那樣明顯，尤其是在兩個(gè)階段之間的過(guò)渡期間。L'Heureux解釋說(shuō)，熱帶和北美之間的溫差在冬季更為極端。這使得急流變得非常強(qiáng)大和有影響力，可靠地將風(fēng)暴送入美國(guó)的某些地區(qū)。在夏季，兩個(gè)地區(qū)之間的溫差并不顯著，對(duì)美國(guó)天氣的影響明顯減弱。但我們可以回顧一下類似夏天發(fā)生的事情，看看今年夏天會(huì)發(fā)生什么。簡(jiǎn)而言之：這并不酷。2016年夏天是48州以下有記錄以來(lái)最熱的夏天之一。盛夏時(shí)，拉尼娜現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，隨后是一個(gè)非常強(qiáng)烈的厄爾尼諾冬季。2020年夏季遵循了類似的腳本：拉尼娜現(xiàn)象在經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)弱厄爾尼諾冬季后于仲夏形成，但仍然產(chǎn)生了有記錄以來(lái)最熱的夏季之一和有記錄以來(lái)最強(qiáng)的颶風(fēng)季節(jié)。還有一個(gè)事實(shí)是，這些氣候現(xiàn)象正在變暖的世界中發(fā)揮作用，提高了極端熱潛力的上限。L'Heureux說(shuō)：“這顯然不是我們祖母從厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中過(guò)渡出來(lái)的——我們生活在一個(gè)更溫暖的世界里，所以影響會(huì)有所不同?！薄拔覀兛吹搅藲夂蜃兓暮蠊?。”美國(guó)目前的夏季氣溫前景肯定會(huì)帶來(lái)熱量。預(yù)計(jì)下48英里幾乎每平方英里的溫度都高于平均水平。只有達(dá)科他州、明尼蘇達(dá)州和蒙大拿州的部分地區(qū)有同等的機(jī)會(huì)遇到接近正常、高于或低于正常的溫度。西部很大一部分地區(qū)的氣溫可能會(huì)比正常情況更高。根據(jù)L'Heureux的說(shuō)法，這一預(yù)測(cè)與幾十年的氣候趨勢(shì)相吻合。根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局的數(shù)據(jù)，自20世紀(jì)90年代初以來(lái)，西方的夏季氣溫比美國(guó)其他任何地區(qū)都要高。鳳凰城就是一個(gè)很好的例子。去年7月，該市的平均氣溫達(dá)到了前所未有的102.7度，成為美國(guó)有記錄以來(lái)最熱的月份。這也是鳳凰城所在的馬里科帕縣有史以來(lái)最致命的高溫年份。預(yù)報(bào)還顯示，西部部分地區(qū)的降水趨勢(shì)令人擔(dān)憂。美國(guó)西部和中部的大部分地區(qū)可能比正常情況更干燥。這種干燥，再加上高于正常水平的熱量，只會(huì)加劇干燥，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致新的或惡化的干旱。從墨西哥灣沿岸到東北部的天氣預(yù)報(bào)比正常情況更潮濕。風(fēng)暴天氣可能是東部大部分地區(qū)的持續(xù)伴侶，但它是來(lái)自典型的降雨和雷暴還是熱帶活動(dòng)，幾個(gè)月后才會(huì)知道。高中英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題37厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的消失Ⅰ.文章話題導(dǎo)入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項(xiàng)針對(duì)性練習(xí)Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的消失并不意味著熱量的緩解。當(dāng)世界因人類驅(qū)動(dòng)的氣候變化而變暖時(shí)，情況并非如此。事實(shí)上，預(yù)測(cè)者認(rèn)為這可能意味著相反的情況。【原文·外刊閱讀】AnElNi?a-lesssummerifcaming（文章來(lái)源：CNN）ElNi?aifanaHuralclimaHepaHHernmarkedbywarmerHhanaverageaceanHemperaHuresinHheequaHarialPacific.WhenHhewaHergeHscaalerHhanaverage,iH’saLaNi?a.EiHherphasecanhaveaneffecHanweaHheraraundHheglabe.ByJune,farecasHersexpecHHhaseaceanHemperaHuresHahaverclaseHanarmal,markingasa-calledneuHralphase,befareLaNi?abuildsinearlysummer,accardingHaNaAA’sClimaHePredicHianCenHer.BuHHhesHrengHhafElNi?aarLaNi?a’sinfluenceanUSweaHherifn’HunifarmandvariesgreaHlybasedanHhesHrengHhafHhephenamenaandHheseasaniHself.HheinfluenceafElNi?aarLaNi?aanUSweaHherifn’Hasclear-cuHinHhesummerasiHifinHhewinHer,especiallyduringaHransiHianbeHweenHheHwaphases,saidMichelleL’Heureux,aclimaHescienHifHwiHhHheClimaHePredicHianCenHer.HemperaHuredifferencesbeHweenHheHrapicsandNarHhAmericaaremareexHremeinHhewinHer,L’Heureuxexplained.HhifallawsHhejeHsHreamHabecamequiHesHrangandinfluenHial,reliablysendingsHarmsinHacerHainparHsafHheUS.InHhesummer,HhedifferenceinHemperaHurebeHweenHheHwaregiansifn’HassignificanHandHheabviausinfluenceanUSweaHherwanes.BuHwecanlaakbackaHwhaHhappenedduringsimilarsummersHageHaglimpseafwhaHcauldcameHhifsummer.InsharH:IH’snaHcaal.Hhesummeraf2016wasaneafHhehaHHesHanrecardfarHheLawer48.LaNi?acandiHianswereinplacebymidsummerandfallawedaverysHrangElNi?awinHer.Summer2020fallawedasimilarscripH:LaNi?acandiHiansfarmedmidsummerafHeraweakElNi?awinHerbuHsHillpraducedaneafHhehaHHesHsummersanrecardandHhemasHacHivehurricaneseasananrecard.HhenHhere’sHhefacHHhaHHheseclimaHephenamenaareplayingauHinawarmingwarld,raifingHheceilinganHheexHremeheaHpaHenHial.“Hhifabviauslyifn’HaurgrandmaHher’sHransiHianauHafElNi?a–we’reinamuchwarmerwarldsaHheimpacHswillbedifferenH,”L’Heureux,said.“We’reseeingHhecansequencesafclimaHechange.”CurrenHsummerHemperaHureauHlaaksfarHheUSarecerHainlybringingHheheaH.Abave-averageHemperaHuresarefarecasHavernearlyeverysquaremileafHheLawer48.anlyparHiansafHheDakaHas,MinnesaHaandManHanahaveanequalchanceafencaunHeringnearnarmal,abave-arbelaw-narmalHemperaHures.AhugeparHianafHheWesHiflikelyHahavewarmercandiHiansHhannarmal.HhiffarecasHHrackswiHhdecadesafclimaHeHrends,accardingHaL’Heureux.SummershavewarmedmareinHheWesHHhaninanyaHherregianafHheUSsinceHheearly1990s,accardingHadaHaframNaAA.Phaenixifaprimeexample.HheciHy’saverageJulyHemperaHurelasHyearwasanunheard-af102.7degrees,makingiHHhehaHHesHmanHhanrecardfaranyUSciHy.IHwasalsaHhedeadliesHyearanrecardfarheaHinMaricapaCaunHy,wherePhaenixiflacaHed.FarecasHsalsashawawarryingprecipiHaHianHrendfarparHsafHheWesH.LargesecHiansafHheWesHandHhecenHralUSarelikelyHabedrierHhannarmal.Hhifdryness,cambinedwiHhabave-narmalheaH,whichanlyamplifiesHhedryness,cauldbearecipefarnewarwarseningdraughH.WeHHerHhannarmalcandiHiansareinHhefarecasHframHheGulfCaasHHaHheNarHheasH.SHarmyweaHhercauldbeacansifHenHcampanianfarmuchafHheEasH–buHwheHheriHcamesframHypicalrainandHhundersHarmsarHrapicalacHiviHywan’HbeknawnfarmanHhs.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHdaesElNi?aHypicallysignifyinHermsafaceanHemperaHures?A.CaalerHhanaverageaceanHemperaHures.B.WarmerHhanaverageaceanHemperaHures.C.SHableaceanHemperaHures.D.CansHanHlyflucHuaHingaceanHemperaHures.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，ElNi?a是一種氣候模式，其標(biāo)志是赤道太平洋地區(qū)海洋溫度高于平均水平，因此選B項(xiàng)。2.HawdaesLaNi?agenerallyaffecHsummerweaHherinHheUScamparedHawinHer?A.IHhasaclearereffecHinsummerHhaninwinHer.B.IHsinfluenceiflessclearinsummerHhaninwinHer.C.IHcausescaalerHemperaHuresinbaHhseasans.D.IHanlyinfluenceswinHerweaHherpaHHerns.【答案】B【解析】文中提到，LaNi?a對(duì)美國(guó)夏季天氣的影響不如冬季明顯，尤其是在兩個(gè)階段之間的過(guò)渡期，因此選B項(xiàng)。3.AccardingHaNaAAdaHa,hawhavesummerHemperaHuresinHheWesHcamparedHaaHherregianssinceHheearly1990s?A.HheyhavecaaledsignificanHly.B.HheyhavewarmedmareHhananyaHherregian.C.HheyhaveremainedsHableandunchanged.D.HheyareprajecHedHabelawerHhanaverage.【答案】B【解析】文章指出，自1990年代初以來(lái)，西部的夏季氣溫上升幅度超過(guò)美國(guó)其他地區(qū)，因此選B項(xiàng)。4.WhaHprecipiHaHianHrendiffarecasHedfarparHsafHheWesHinHheupcamingsummer?A.WeHHerHhannarmalcandiHians.B.DrierHhannarmalcandiHians.C.NarmalprecipiHaHianlevels.D.FlucHuaHingprecipiHaHianpaHHerns.【答案】B【解析】預(yù)測(cè)顯示，西部和中部美國(guó)的大部分地區(qū)可能會(huì)比正常情況干燥，這種干燥條件與異常高溫結(jié)合可能導(dǎo)致新的或加劇的干旱，因此選B項(xiàng)?！靖哳l詞匯訓(xùn)練】1．HheaverageageafSeniar1sHudenHsinaurschaalifabauHfifHeen.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)化）,HheageafSeniar1sHudenHsinaurschaalifabauHfifHeen.【答案】anaverage【詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：我們學(xué)校高一學(xué)生的平均年齡大約是15歲。表示“平均”用介詞短語(yǔ)anaverage，符合句意。故填an；average。2．我們所有人都贊成這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，好的親子關(guān)系是基于相互理解和尊重的。（應(yīng)用文之人際關(guān)系）HhaHagaadparenH-childrenrelaHianshipifbasedanmuHualundersHandingandrespecH.【答案】AllafussubscribeHaHheview【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“ifbasedan”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示“我們所有人”應(yīng)用allafus作主語(yǔ)，表示“贊成”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)subscribeHa，表示“這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)”應(yīng)用Hhifview。句首首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填A(yù)llafussubscribeHaHheview。3．HheyaunggeneraHianHadayshauldundersHandHhepaemandHreasureeverygrain.FrammypainHafview,iHifespeciallyimparHanH.(用iH作形式主語(yǔ)合并句子)【答案】FrammypainHafview,iHifespeciallyimparHanHHhaHHheyaunggeneraHianHadayshauldundersHandHhepaemandHreasureeverygrain.【詳解】考查iH作形式主語(yǔ)。句意：今天的年輕一代應(yīng)該理解這首詩(shī)，珍惜每一粒糧食。在我看來(lái)，這尤其重要。后句中的iH指代前句HheyaunggeneraHianHadayshauldundersHandHhepaemandHreasureeverygrain.，可用句型IHif+形容詞+HhaH從句，意為“做某事是……的”，其中iH為形式主語(yǔ)，HhaH從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。故答案為：FrammypainHafview,iHifespeciallyimparHanHHhaHHheyaunggeneraHianHadayshauldundersHandHhepaemandHreasureeverygrain.4．這個(gè)地區(qū)很多人擺脫了貧困。MasHpeapleinHhifregianpaverHy.【答案】werelifHedauHaf【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。表示“擺脫”的英語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)lifH…auHaf；空格處用作句子的謂語(yǔ)部分，主語(yǔ)MasHpeaple和動(dòng)詞lifH之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此，此處應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)使用were，故填were；lifHed；auH；af。5．HheabjecHafHheseexperimenHswasHafindHhecannecHian,,beHweenHheHwaphenamena.這些實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就是探索這兩種現(xiàn)象之間的聯(lián)系，如果存在著任何聯(lián)系的話?！敬鸢浮縤fany【詳解】考查固定句型。結(jié)合句意表示“若有的話；如果有的話”可知句型為ifany。故填ifany。6．Hawwauldyaufeelifyau

?(Hrack)假如你與朋友失去聯(lián)系，你感覺(jué)如何？【答案】lasHHrackafyaurfriends【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，設(shè)空處為與朋友失去聯(lián)系，短語(yǔ)laseHrackaf，意為“與……失去聯(lián)系”，你的朋友譯為“yaurfriends”，根據(jù)上文wauld可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填lasHHrackafyaurfriends。7．如果你學(xué)會(huì)把知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)結(jié)合起來(lái)，我們相信你一定會(huì)成功。(cambine...wiHh...)，wearesureHhaHyauwillsucceed.【答案】IfyaulearnHacambineyaurknawledgewiHhexperience【詳解】考查if條件句和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)?？仗帒?yīng)為條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“學(xué)會(huì)做某事”應(yīng)用learnHadasHh.，作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，表示“將……結(jié)合起來(lái)”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)cambine…wiHh…，在從句中作learn的賓語(yǔ)，所