Unit3 Message of the Land現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀1

MessageoftheLandPiraSudham12021/6/27materialinthetoplayerofthesurfaceoftheearthinwhichplantscangrow

土地territoryoverwhichruleorcontrolisexercised國土thesolidpartoftheearth'ssurface陸地earth是相對于天空或太空而言的“地面”;land是指地球表面相對于海洋而言時的“地面”ground指人們在上面行走的地面或具有一定面積限度的空地。soil主要表示栽培植物的“土壤”,也可引申為“國土,國度”。Questions52021/6/27"IfIhadnotleftmyvillagethen,Iwouldhavebeensubject,likemostvillagers,tothemercyofnature:floods,drought,disease,ignoranceandscarcity.Withendurance,Iwouldhaveacceptedthemasmyownfate,assomethingIcannotgoagainstinthislife.”"InmymindIcarrymemoriesofchildhood,oflifeinvillages,muchasapregnantwomancarryingachild.Everydaytheseimagesgrow,andIknowthatonedayIshallhavetogivebirthtothemthroughthemediumofwriting.Besides,Idon'twantpeopleinourvillages,sofarremovedfromotherpeoplesbecauseofdistanceandpoverty,tobeborn,sufferandtodieinvain."PiraSudham'sOwnWords:

142021/6/27Bangkok

Bangkok,isthecapitalandlargestcityofThailand.Bangkokisoneofthefastest-growing,mosteconomicallydynamicandsociallyprogressivecitiesinSoutheastAsia.Butitsuffersfromsocialproblemsasaresultofitsrapidgrowth.Itisalsooneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations.152021/6/27BangkokBangkokistheeconomiccenterofThailand.Tourismisamajorsourceofrevenue.ThecitycontainsmanyBuddhisttemples(knowninThaiasWats),Thecityisafamousjewelrycenter,buyingandsellingsilverandbronzeware162021/6/27172021/6/27ThaiBuddhismBuddhismisThailand'smainreligion.94%ofThaipeopleareBuddhist.BuddhismislinkedwiththehistoricalIndianprince,SiddhartaGautama（釋迦牟尼）,whobecametheBuddhaandreachedtheenlightenment.Nowhisteachingsarestillfollowed.Histeachingssaythatpeoplesufferbecausetheyareattachedtomaterialthings,towomenormenbyheartlinks.Theselinkscausesuffer,jealousyandpain.Peopleareneversatisfied,i.e.theywantmoremoney,morepower.TheaimofBuddhismistogetridofthesepainsandoftheselinks.182021/6/27ThaiBuddhism

Ifyouhavedonegooddeedsinyourlife,nextlifewillbebetter.Ifyouhavedonebaddeeds,nextlifewillbeharsh.192021/6/27MonksinThailand

Monks’lifeisbasedon227monastic[m?'n?st?k]僧侶的rulesand5majorprecepts,i.e.nosex,nolies,norobbery,noalcohol,nokilling.Aboyisnotamanifhehasn‘tbeenamonkonceinhislife.EventheKingofThailandRama9（羅摩）

hadbeenamonkforonemonth.Inolddaysthisperiodwasthreemonths.Nowitcanbeonlyafewweeksorafewdays.202021/6/27MonksinThailand

Somefamiliesstillrefusetomarrytheirdaughterifthefuturehusbandhasn'teverbeenamonk.Itmeansthatheisn'tripeenough.Aboythatbecomesamonkforafewmonthsismakingareallygoodactiontowardshisparents.Inabus,seatsinthebackarereservedtomonks.Ifawomanissittingthere,sheshouldleavebecauseawomancannottouchamonk.212021/6/27ChangesinfamilyChangesinthevillage

Thewife’scomplaintsThefarmer’scomplaintsNoneofthechildrenwillcomebacktoinherittheland.Greed,anger,andlustaretherootofallevils.Noyoungmanwillcarewhatmessagethelandgives.thelossoftraditionalvaluesandthewayoflifeAllfourchildrenwentaway.Childrenwearjeansinstead.

nobarter,butcashnopay-freehelpplasticthingsinsteadonlytheoldonthelandnopracticeoftheoldcustomsnorespectfortheoldTextAnalysisTheme262021/6/27What’sthemessageoftheland?ForfurtherdiscussionIt’sourhistory,ourculture,ourtraditionandourlife.Inaword,itisourrootwhichwecannotlivewithout.TextAnalysisTheme272021/6/27TextAnalysisLanguageStyleColloquialismSmallandsimplewordsShortsentencesStraightforwardlanguageFiguresofspeechusedtoachievevivid,expressiveandappropriatedescriptionSimile:MetaphorPersonificationZeugma292021/6/27TextAnalysisLanguageStyleSimile:…itislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.Metaphor:

…thisbagofbonesdressedinragscanstillplantandreapricefrommorningtilldusk.Personification:Ourpieceoflandissmall,anditisnolongerfertile,bleedingyearafteryearand,likeus,gettingoldandexhausted.Zeugma:

Thesoilisnotdifficulttotillwhenthereisalotofrain,butinabadyear,it’snotonlytheploughsthatbreakbutourhearts,too.302021/6/27TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartI:thewife’sspeech-herfamilyandtheirlands(1-3)322021/6/27TextAnalysisThewifehasalreadyregardedthelandaspartofherlife.Thisisthelandwhereherparentsandforefatherslivedanditisboundwithfamilyhistoryandtradition.Itrepresentstherootofherfamily.5.Thewifemakesabriefintroductionofherfamilyandtellsushowallherfourchildrenleftforcities.Shefeelssorryaboutthisandshealsofeelssorryabouttheland.Thelandisnolongerfertile,likeherandherhusband,gettingoldandexhausted.342021/6/27TextAnalysisWords&Phrasesforefather:n.(pl)thepeoplewhowerepartofyourfamilyalongtimeagointhepastSynonyms:ancestor,Opposites:descendant,offspringe.g.Manyyearsagoourforefathersestablishedthisnation.362021/6/271.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.(as—subjectoftheclause)2.Asisoftenthecase,girlslearnalanguagemorequicklythanboys.(as—subjectoftheclause)TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase382021/6/27TextAnalysis2.Diein:someplacefrom:becauseofsth.outspace,disease,cold外因Of:hunger,old人體之上e.g.diefromearthquakedieofillnessWords&Phrases392021/6/27TextAnalysis3.infancy:

n.a.earlychildhood b.earlystageofdevelopmentorgrowthExamples:Inthepast,manychildrendiedininfancy.HecametoEnglandinhisinfancy.Theresearchstretchedfromtheinfancyofradiobroadcastingthroughtotoday.Geneticengineeringisstillinitsinfancy.a. infantilen.infantWordformationsWords&Phrases402021/6/27 Therest,twoboysandtwogirls,wentawayassoonaswecouldaffordtobuyjeansforthem.(1)Ourotherchildren—twoboysandtwogirls—leftassoonaswehadthemoneytobuythemjeans.appositiveof“therest”

theremainingpeople;theothersExamplesTextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase412021/6/27Yourfather,aproudandunbendingman,refusedallhelpthatwasofferedhim.Playingfootball,hisonlyinterestinlife,broughthimmanyfriends.3.Adrylightningstorm,thatis,athunderstormwithoutrain,startedafireinaremotepartoftheforestinAugust.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase422021/6/274.afford:v.a.tohaveenoughmoney/timetodosth.b.(withcan/could)torunariskbydoingsth.經(jīng)得住，承受得住c.(fml.)toprovide;giveClassifythefollowingwordsinto3groupsaccordingtoa,bandc.affordanewcar

affordthishighpriceaffordtherent

affordaclueto

affordachance

affordapleasantshade

(can’t)affordtoneglectone’sworkaacccbbTextAnalysisWords&Phrases432021/6/275.agency:代理機構(gòu)anemploymentagency職業(yè)介紹所Atraveller‘sagency旅行社Agent代理人/商；經(jīng)紀人AhouseagentAlaw–agentTextAnalysisWords&Phrases442021/6/276.nowandthen:nowandagain;occasionally;fromtimetotimeExamples:Nowandthenweheardshotsinthewoods.Heloseshistempernowandthen,butnotoften.Ihearfromhimeverynowandthen.Hereandthere起伏地，詳盡地Upsanddowns沉浮，盛衰Theinsandouts種種復(fù)雜詳情TextAnalysisWords&Phrases452021/6/27Lesson3-MessageoftheLand

4.

7.bully

v.a.tothreatentohurtsomeoneorfrightenthem,especiallysomeonesmallerorweaker恐嚇，以強凌弱 b.toputpressureonsomeoneinordertomakethemdowhatyouwant迫使，逼迫

Examples:Thechildwasbulliedalmostoutofitslife.Don'tletthembullyyouintoworkingonSaturdays.MoremeaningsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis462021/6/27

alocalbully

playthebully

abullyidea

abullygooddinner

Bullyforyou!bullyboyLesson3-MessageoftheLandTranslation土豪橫行霸道，恃強欺弱絕妙的主意極其豐盛的飯菜干得好！(受人雇傭且尤指與政治集團有關(guān)的）流氓，打手Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis472021/6/278.insult：v.tooffendsomeonebysayingordoingsomethingtheythinkisrudeExamples:IhopeAndywon'tbeinsultedifIdon'tcome.Sheinsultedhimbycallinghimacoward.Youinsultmyintelligencewithyourcrudemethods!(=tosayordosomethingthatsuggestsyouthinksomeoneisstupid)n.insulta.insultingn.insulterWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis482021/6/279.pierce：v.a.tomakeasmallholewithasharppoint刺穿b.(ofcold,pain,sound)toforceawayinto

使心如刀割

c.toforceawaythroughsomething穿透（光，聲音）Examples:Shehadherearspiercedinordertobeabletowearearrings.Hershriekspiercedthesilence.Hermemoriessometimespiercedherheart.Ourforcespiercedthroughtheenemy’slines.Pierceone’sheart：tomakeonefeelverysada.pierceda.piercingWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis492021/6/27FigureofspeechSimileExamplesAsimileisabriefcomparison,usuallyintroducedbythepreposition“l(fā)ike”ortheconjunction“as”,as...as,than,asif,asthoughandetc.

Asimileconsistsoftwoparts:tenorandvehicle.Thetenoristheprimarysubject;thevehicleisthethingtowhichthemainsubjectiscomparedto.Eg:-Omylove’slikeared,redrose.RobertBurns-Jimwasascunningasanoldfox.502021/6/27TheendofSimile.

subject/tenorsimilemarkerreference/vehicleRecords(fell)likeripeapples(onawindyday.)Thedataprocessing(isgoingon)as(slow)asasnail.

1.Sometimes,theygetbulliedandinsulted,anditislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.(2)Figureofspeech512021/6/27 It’seasierformyhusband.Hehasearswhichdon’thear,amouthwhichdoesn’tspeak,andeyesthatdon’tsee.(2)Newsaboutmychildren’sproblemsdoesn’tmakemyhusbandassadasme.Hedoesn’tbotheraboutwhatishappeningaroundusandtoourchildren.Heneversaysanythingaboutthem.restrictiverelativeclause

parallelstructureQuestions:Doesthewifereallymeanthatherhusbandisdeaf,dumbandblind?TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase522021/6/27 Hehasalwaysbeenpatientandsilent,mindinghisownlife.(2)presentparticiplephrasefunctioningasadverbialofaccompanyingcircumstances

He’salwaysbeenpatientandtalkslittle.Hejustdoeshisdutyandcarriesonhislife.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase532021/6/27

totakecareofone’s…Examples:WillyoumindmybagwhileIbuymyticket?Iwasmindingmyownworkwhenherushedin.Myfatherwasjustdrivingalong,mindinghisownbusiness,whensuddenlyabrickcamethroughthewindow.2.10.mindone’sown…“mind”phrases

Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis542021/6/27mindone’sownbusinessmindone’sownp’sandq’s

mindone’smannersmindyourfootingmindyourbackMindhowyougo.

別管閑事注意舉止言行注意舉止行為小心，站穩(wěn)了當心；讓開（道別時說）您慢走。TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis552021/6/2711.inspiteof:withoutbeingaffectedorpreventedbysomethingExamples:Butinspiteofthehardships,realeffortsandprogressarebeingmade.Wewentoutinspiteoftherain.Kellylovedherhusbandinspiteofthefactthathedranktoomuch.SimilarexpressionsregardlessofdespiteWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis562021/6/27Wordformations12.fertile:adj.

a.(ofland,plants)producingmuchb.(ofaperson,hismind)fullofideas,plansc.afertilesituationisoneinwhichsomethingcaneasilydevelopandsucceedn.fertilityv.fertilizen.fertilizerfertilizablea.infertileExamplesWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis572021/6/27

Examples:Thisshrublikessunandwateraswellasafertilewell-drainedsoil.afertileimagination/mind/brainHeisalwaysfertileinnewplans.Thatperiodhadmadethecityafertilenewsgroundforfreelancerssuchasmyself.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis582021/6/2713.bleed:v.a.toloseblood,esp.becauseofaninjury b.toforcesomeonetopayanunreasonableamountofmoneyoveraperiodoftimeExamples:Tragically,shebledtodeath.Adeepcutonherwristwasbleedingprofusely/heavily.Marciabledhimforeverypennyhehad.Thesoldiersarereadytobleedfortheircountry.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis592021/6/27Theysentustheirstatement,hopingtogetoursupport.Theywentonwiththeirstruggle,thinkingtheirswasajustcause.3.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.4.Thedoctor,notwishingtomakehernervous,didnotfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.Presentparticiplephrasesactasadverbialsofcause.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase612021/6/27Figureofspeech

personificationReferringtoinanimatethingsorabstractionsasiftheywerehuman.Personificationisreallyaspecialkindofmetaphor.e.g.Theyouthweresinging,laughingandplayingthemusicinstruments.Thetreesandflowersaroundthemdancedheartilyasiftouchedbymerrymood.HowsoonhathTime,thesubtlethiefofyouth,stolenonhiswingmythreeandtwentiethyear!Thepurposeofpersonificationistoexplain,toexpand,andtovivify.622021/6/27Itwasthepolicemanthat/whocaughtapickpocketonNo.933busyesterday.(Thesubjectisemphasized.)ItwasapickpocketthatthepolicemancaughtonNo.933busyesterday.(Theobjectisemphasized.)3.It

wasonNo.933busthatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketyesterday.

(Theadverbialofplaceisemphasized.)4.ItwasyesterdaythatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketonNo.933bus.

(Theadverbialoftimeisemphasized.)Theemphaticstructure“Itis/was…that…”canbeusedtoemphasizeanypartofthesentenceexceptthepredicate.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase642021/6/27Zeugma:asinglewordismadetomodifyorgoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence1.Thesenatorpickeduphishat

aswellas

hiscourage.2.COATTAILS:Clothesthatfittheman

and

thetimes.(Advert.InNewYorkTimesMagazine,1980)3.MissBolorosefromthetableconsiderablyagitated,andwentstraighthome,inafloodoftearsandasedanchair.4.Tenminuteslater,thecoffeeandCommanderDana

ofNavalIntelligencearrivedsimultaneously.MoreexamplesFigureofspeech652021/6/27Zeugma:moreexamplesTheendofZeugma.Zeugmaisacomicfigureofspeech.AtitsbestZeugmaiswittyandamusing,anditincreasesmeaningbyrevealinghiddenconnections.5.Shehadtoswallow

breadandbutterandaspasmofemotion.6.Hefoughtwith

desperationandastoutclub.7.Yesterdayhehad

ablueheartandcoat.8.Igotupyesterdayandmanagedtocatch

abus

andacold.9.…oldpeoplegatheringinthesocialhallfor

comradeshipandahotlunch.Figureofspeech662021/6/27TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartI:thewife’sspeech-changesinthevillagethatshedisliked(4-7)672021/6/27ChangesinthevillagesinEsarnInthePastNowWaypeoplebuythingsSocialrelationshipamongvillagersThingsusedbythevillagersViewsonfashionAttitudestowardsmonks,templesRelationshipbetweenparentsandkidsbarterforthingscashneighborshelptobuildhouses,reappriceordigwellpaymoneyforitfinebamboopieces,villagecraftsplasticthings,plasticbagsneverwenttohairdresser,paintedlipsornailssellpigsandwaterbuffalotobuyapairofjeansofferfoodtothemonksandgototempleregularlyleavethesethingstooldpeoplecondemnedungratefulson,andgivehimagoodbeatingshoutandscreamathismotherBack692021/6/274.

1.barter…for

v.toexchange(goods,property,etc.)forothergoods,etc.withoutusingmoneybartersthforsth:barterwithsbforsth:Examples:Ihadtobarterwiththelocalsforfood.

Inthelocalmarket,meatandvegetablesarebarteredforelectricalgoods.Theprisonerstriedtobarterwiththeguardsfortheirfreedom.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis722021/6/27

2.replace:v. a.totaketheplaceofb.togetanewoneforsth.brokenorstolenc.toputbackinitsplaceExamples:Lectureshavereplacedtheoldtutorialsystem.I'llreplacethevaseIbrokeassoonaspossible.Hereplacedthebookontheshelf.a.replaceablen.replacementWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis732021/6/273.litter:v.tomakeuntidywithscatteredrubbish

n.lightrubbish(bitsofpaper,wrappings)Examples:Thedeskwaslitteredwithpapers.Iamtiredofpickinguplitterthrownbyotherpeople.Peoplewhodroplittercanbefinedinsomecities.SynonymsrubbishgarbagetrashWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis742021/6/27toappear,develop,grow,etc.quicklyorsuddenlyExamples:

Newhouseswerespringingupalloverthetown.

Dozensofwebsiteshavesprunguptoprovideinformationfortravelers.Newdot-comcompaniesarespringingupallthetime.5.

4.springupSimilarexpressionscomeintobeing/existencearisebeborn“spring”phrases

Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis752021/6/27springtoone’sfeetspringtosb’sassistancespringtomindspringintofamespringtolifespringoutofbedspringasurpriseonsb.springuplikemushroomsspringfromaristocracy一躍而起十萬火急地趕去救援某人在腦海中突然閃現(xiàn)一舉成名煥發(fā)生機從床上跳起來使某人大吃一驚雨后春筍般地涌現(xiàn)出身于貴族TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis762021/6/27Themen,soakedwithsweatfromanall-nightmarch,immediatelywentintoaction.Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsofthestruggleoftheminers.Apost-modifyingpastparticiplephrasecorrespondstoanellipticalrelativeclause.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase782021/6/275.fashionable:a.

a.popular,esp.forashortperiodoftimeb.popularwith,orusedby,richpeopleOppositeunfashionableExamples:

Strongcolorsareveryfashionableatthemoment.

Itsuddenlybecamefashionableforpoliticianstotalkaboutgreenissues.HerunsaveryfashionablerestaurantneartheHarbor.Wordformationfashion(n.)RelatedphrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis792021/6/27afterafashion

afterthefashionof

comeintofashion

followthefashion

gooutoffashion

in(the)fashionmakefashionoutof(the)fashionseta(the)fashionbeallthefashion

勉強，馬馬虎虎像，跟……一樣；模仿開始風(fēng)行趕時髦不再風(fēng)行合于時尚裝裝樣子不合時尚開創(chuàng)新時尚

(服裝，舉止等）極時髦，風(fēng)行一時TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis802021/6/27

strikesb.ontheheadpoverty-strickenareastrikefear/terrorintosb’sheart

strikeablowagainst/to/atstrikeabalancebetweenstrikeabargain/dealstrikeamatch

strikeoil/goldstrikeanameoutfromtheliststrikeapose/anattitudeThesolutionstruckmeimmediately.

打中某人的頭貧困區(qū)使某人產(chǎn)生害怕／恐懼給予一擊在……之間達成平衡成交劃火柴發(fā)現(xiàn)石油／金礦從名單上把名字劃去擺姿勢／態(tài)度我立刻想到這個解決辦法。TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis822021/6/277.tendto:tobeinclinedto;haveadirectionExamples:Peopletendtoneedlesssleepastheygetolder.Youngchildrentendtogetsickmoreoftenthanadults.Recentstudiesshowthatgirlstendtobebetteratlanguagesthanboys.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis832021/6/278.shameExamples:Itwasacrying/great/terribleshamethattheylostthegame."Pleasedon'ttellmydadaboutthis,"hesaid,blushingwithshame.He'sbroughtshameonthewholefamily.IbowmyheadinshamewhenIthinkofhowItreatedher.

n.a.sadordisappointingfeelingb.guiltyorembarrassingfeelinga.shamefula.ashameda.shamelessv.shameWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis842021/6/279.Shoutatsb.:tospeakloudly,oftenangrilytosb.

Shouttosb.:tospeakloudly

e.g.

Heoftenshoutedathiswife,andthisupsether.

TomshoutedtoJacktopasstheball.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis852021/6/2710.condemn

v.a.todisapprovesth.orsb.,esp.becauseyouthinkitismorallywrongb.togivejudgmentagainstExamples:Localauthoritieshavebeencondemnedforfailingtotackletheproblemofhomelessness.Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath.Wordformationsa.condemnedn.condemnationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis862021/6/27

tohitsb.asapunishmentExamples:Hisfathertookhimtothebarnandgavehimagoodbeating.Oursoldiersgavetheenemyathoroughbeating.11.givesb.a(good/…)beatingSimilarexpressionsbeatspanksmack/slapwhip/flogcorporalpunishmentWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis872021/6/27 IfthatkindofthinghadhappenedwhenIwasyoung,thewholevillagewouldhavecondemnedsuchanungratefulson,andhisfatherwouldsurelyhavegivenhimagoodbeating.(6)Inmydayifaboyhadscreamedathismother,thewholevillagewouldhavescoldedhimforhislackofgratitude,andhisfatherwouldcertainlyhavepunishedhim.subjunctivemoodExercise:P63TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase882021/6/27withreferenceto(sometimessuggestingindifferenceorcontempt)Examples:

Asforyou,Ineverwanttoseeyouhereagain.

Asfortheburglar,heescapedthroughthewindow.

Asformypast,I’mnottellingyouanything.8.

12.asfor“as”phrases至于，關(guān)于Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis892021/6/27Cf.asagainstasfromasgoodasasitis/wasasitwereasregardsastoCf.與……比較，與……相對照自……起與……幾乎一樣；實際上等于實際上可以說，在某種程度上就……而論，按照，依照關(guān)于，至于Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis902021/6/27ifanideaorthoughtoccurstoyou,itsuddenlycomesintoyourmindExamples:Isupposeitdidn'toccurtoyoutophonethepolice.Itneverseemstooccurtomychildrentocontactme.Ithadneveroccurredtohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.9.

13.occurtoSimilarexpressionshaveanideahaveathoughtcrosssb’smindentersb’smindstrikecome/springtomindWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis922021/6/27

averythinpersonoranimalExamples:Thecatwasjustabagofbones.Lackofenoughfoodreducedrefugeestobagsofbones.14.abagofbones“bone”phrases骨瘦如柴的人（或動物）Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis932021/6/27Cf.aboneofcontention(as)dryasabone(as)hardasabonebarebonesbredinthebonecastabonebetweeninsb’sbonesfeel(it)inone’sbonesCf.爭端的起因，爭議點干透，十分干燥極為堅硬基本要點，梗概與生俱來的，改不掉的在……之間引起爭端，離間在某人的本性中從內(nèi)心（預(yù)）感到；（憑直覺）確信Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis942021/6/2715.inrags:wearingoldandwornortornclothesExamples:Hegavefivedollarstoatrampdressedinrags

andtatters.Childreninragsbeggedmoneyfromthetourists.Thereareareaswhereeverychildisinrags

andlearnstobeathieffromtheageofthree.Learnmore衣衫襤褸的Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis952021/6/27becomingveryrichafterstartingyourlifeverypoorExamples:Helikestotellpeopleofhisrisefromragstoriches.Iusedtheanalogyofafamilythatgoesfrom

ragstorichesandbacktoragsinthreeorfourgenerations.16.fromragstoriches從赤貧到巨富Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis962021/6/27MetaphorTobecontinuedonthenextpage.

Ametaphorisalsoacomparison.Thedifferenceisthatasimilecomparesthingsexplicitly—thatis,itstatesliterallythatXislikeY.Ametaphorcomparesthingsimplicitly.Readliterally,itdoesnotstatethatthingsarealike;itsaysthattheyarethesamething,thattheyareidentical.ExamplesFigureofspeech982021/6/27Metaphor

subject/tenorreference/vehicleCapeCod(isthebaredandbended)armof(Massachusetts.)He(is)awolf(insheep’sclothing.)Figureofspeech992021/6/27

n.asituationinwhichthereisnotenoughofsomethingExamples:Thescarcityofmedicalsupplieswasbecomingcritical.Theworldisenteringaperiodofproteinscarcity,thereportsays.Anindependencebaseduponanabundanceofgoodwillmaybefoundevenwheretherearescarcitiesinpowerresources.15.

17.scarcitySynonymsshortageraritydearthWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis1002021/6/2714.

18.condemn

v.a.todisapprovesth.orsb.,esp.becauseyouthinkitismorallywrongb.togivejudgmentagainstExamples:Localauthoritieshavebeencondemnedforfailingtotackletheproblemofhomelessness.Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath.Wordformationsa.condemnedn.condemnationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis1012021/6/27TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartII:thehusband’sspeech(8-11)1022021/6/275.Thefarmerisverytraditional.Hestillclingstotheconventionalideaofhavingabigfamilywithchildrenaroundhim.Becauseofhisstrongattachmenttotheland,hewantshischildrentofollowinhisfootstepsandbecontentwiththefarminglife.Thefarmernursesastronglovetowardstheland.Helovesthefeelingwhentillingthelandandthesmellandsightwhenthericeonthelandisripening.Hefeelssoclosetothelandthathecanevenreadthemessageoftheland.Hestronglyhopesthatonedayhecanpassontheland’ssecretmessagetohisgrandchildren.1042021/6/27 Myeyesdosee—theyseemorethantheyshould.Myearsdohear—theyhearmorethanisgoodforme.(8)I’mnotwhatmywifesaysIam.Idoseeandhear—Iseeandheartoomuchevil,toomanyuglyandterriblethings,thingsthatIwishI