山東省東營市2023-2024學(xué)年高二期末考試英語試題 含解析

2023-2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測高二英語本試卷共12頁，時(shí)長120分鐘，滿分150分。注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷由四部分組成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。2.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。3.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用像皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。4.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。5.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whydidthewomancutherhairshort?A.Shewastiredoflonghair.B.Shedesiredtolookmorebeautiful.C.Shewantedtosavetimeforrelaxation.2.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A.Hewentswimming.B.Hedidsomereading.C.Hewalkedinthepark.3.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Annoyed.B.Confused.C.Ashamed.4.Whoistakingcareofthechild?A.Amy.B.Louise.C.Toby.5.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Enjoyingacostumeparty.B.Shoppingforclothes.C.Watchingamovie.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whattimeisitnow?A.About5:10.B.About5:50.C.About6:00.7.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Attheairport.B.Inthestreet.C.Inthetaxi.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whyisthemanunwillingtobuythefirstitem?A.Itsdesignisn’ttohistaste.B.Hedoesn’tthinkit’sworththeprice.C.Hiswifehasgotone.9.Whatwilltheman’swifereceive?A.Anecklace.B.AwatchC.Abag.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.WhatdidLaurafailtodo?A.Findanalbum.B.Cleanherroom.C.Lookaftertheplants.11.WhendidthemangoonapicnicwiththeSmiths?A.Lastspring.B.Lastsummer.C.Lastautumn.12.WhatisJohndoinginthepicture?A.Doingsports,B.Readingabook.C.Walkingbyalake.13.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister,B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoesthewomando?A.She’sanactress.B.She’sapresenter.C.She’safilmdirector.15.Whatdidthemandointhebackyardwhenhewasyoung?A.Heactedinfrontofhisneighbors.B.Hemadecostumesforplays.C.Hedidthevoicesforcharacters.16.Whatwastheman’sfirstplayonstage?A.BuriedChild.B.FoolforLove.C.St.GeorgeandtheDragon.17.Whichpersonimpressesthemanmostinhiscareer?A.RobertWoodruff.B.StanFrebergC.EdHarris.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WheredoestheWorldTreeHuggingChampionshiptakeplaceeveryyear?A.InIndia.B.InFinland.C.InBritain.19.Howmanypeopleparticipatedinthe2023ScottishTreeHuggingChampionship?A.18.B.17.C.16.20.Whatisthelastpartofthe2023ScottishTreeHuggingChampionship?A.Huggingasmanytreesaspossibleinoneminute.B.Showingloveandrespectforaspecifictree.C.Huggingatreeinauniqueway.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AInSingapore,itseemslikeartcanbeseenateveryturn.Throughouttheyear,festivals,liveperformances,andconcertsaddtothevibrancy(活力)ofthecreativecommunity.Herearesomeofthebiggestartfestivals.SINGAPOREARTWEEKWhen:JanuaryOverthecourseof10days,thismassivevisualartcelebrationorganizesmorethan130artevents—atmuseums,galleries,independentartspaces,andpublicplacesacrossSingaporefromthecitycentertotheheartlandneighborhoods.Visitorscanhavediscussionswithartists,andattendartexhibitionsandworkshopsthatexploreartandcultureinAsia.Whetheryou’reinterestedinSudanesearchitectureorcuteJapanesepaintings,there’saneventforeveryone,ARTSGWhen:JanuaryDuringthebiggestartfairinSoutheastAsia,morethan150oftheworld’sbestgallerieswillshowcasetheircollectionofmorethan1,000artistsattheMarinaBaySandsExpoandConventionCenter.From12-15January,thislarge-scaleartshowhighlightspaintings,sculptures,andphotographyfromgalleriesliketheinfluentialGagosianandLondon’sWhiteCube.SINGAPOREINTERNATIONALFESTIVALOFARTSWhen:MayThisannualperformanceartfestivalpushestheboundariesofphysicalandvirtualspacesandexploresTheAnatomyofPerformancethroughmusic,film,dance,musicals,andplays.Thefestival’slineupincludesabroadrangeofprogramsfromlocalandinternationalartists,rangingfromorchestralperformancestodifferentstylesofmodernandtraditionaldances.SINGAPORENIGHTFESTIVALWhen:AugustForoneweekeachAugust,theBrasBasahBugisdistrictlightsupforthismulti-dimensionalartfestival,withmorethanadozenlightinstallations(裝置),stageshows,andtheaterperformances.TheNationalMuseumofSingaporesponsorstheevent.ItalsoactsasamajorvenueforvariousperformancesanddemonstrationsalongwiththeSingaporeArtMuseumandthePeranakanMuseum.1.WhatcanvisitorsdoatSINGAPOREARTWEEK?A.Watchorchestralperformances.B.Appreciateworksofphotography.C.Discusswithartists.D.AdmireSudanesepaintings.2.HowlongdoesthebiggestartfairinSoutheastAsialast?A.Threedays. B.Fourdays. C.Aweek. D.Tendays.3.Whichwouldyouliketochooseifyouwanttoattenditatnight?A.SINGAPOREARTWEEKB.ARTSGC.SINGAPOREINTERNATIONALFESTIVALOFARTSD.SINGAPORENIGHTFESTIVAL【答案】1C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了新加坡的幾個(gè)藝術(shù)節(jié)。這些藝術(shù)節(jié)涵蓋了視覺藝術(shù)、表演藝術(shù)和夜景藝術(shù)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，吸引了來自世界各地的藝術(shù)家和游客參與?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“SINGAPOREARTWEEK”部分中的“Visitorscanhavediscussionswithartists,andattendartexhibitionsandworkshopsthatexploreartandcultureinAsia.(游客可以與藝術(shù)家進(jìn)行討論，參加藝術(shù)展覽和研討會(huì)，探索亞洲的藝術(shù)和文化)”可知，游客們在新加坡藝術(shù)周可以與藝術(shù)家進(jìn)行討論。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ARTSG”部分中的“DuringthebiggestartfairinSoutheastAsia,morethan150oftheworld’sbestgallerieswillshowcasetheircollectionofmorethan1,000artistsattheMarinaBaySandsExpoandConventionCenter.From12-15January,thislarge-scaleartshowhighlightspaintings,sculptures,andphotographyfromgalleriesliketheinfluentialGagosianandLondon’sWhiteCube.(在東南亞最大的藝術(shù)博覽會(huì)期間，超過150家世界上最好的畫廊將在濱海灣金沙博覽會(huì)議中心展示他們的1000多名藝術(shù)家的收藏。從1月12日至15日，這個(gè)大型藝術(shù)展將展示來自高古軒和倫敦白立方等畫廊的繪畫、雕塑和攝影作品)”可知，東南亞最大的藝術(shù)博覽會(huì)的時(shí)間為從1月12日至15日，也就是說持續(xù)四天。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“SINGAPORENIGHTFESTIVAL”部分中的“ForoneweekeachAugust,theBrasBasahBugisdistrictlightsupforthismulti-dimensionalartfestival,withmorethanadozenlightinstallations(裝置),stageshows,andtheaterperformances.(每年8月的一個(gè)星期，布拉斯巴沙布吉斯區(qū)都會(huì)為這個(gè)多維度的藝術(shù)節(jié)亮起燈光，有十多個(gè)燈光裝置、舞臺表演和戲劇表演)”可知，這個(gè)藝術(shù)節(jié)會(huì)在晚上舉辦，因此如果想在晚上參加藝術(shù)節(jié)，可以來這個(gè)藝術(shù)節(jié)。故選D。BNotlongago,LindaKhanwassittingbyahospitalbedinHouston,feelingillatease.Besideherlayher88-year-oldfather,whoneededsurgery.Whattroubledheralmostasmuchashishealthwasthefactthatalldaythetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmalltalk.Sheandherfatherhadalwayshadgoodconversations,butnowhisoncewide-ranginginterestsseemedtohaveshrunktothesizeoftheroom.Hetalkedabouttheterriblehospitalfood,thetests,thedoctors,thediagnosis,thepotentialoutcomes.“Itisreallyhardtositwithapersoninahospital,”Khansays.“Itfeelslikethere’snothingtotalkaboutexcepttheirmedicalsituation.”Thatdayinthehospital,hereyefellonapileofbooksthatpeoplehadbroughtasgifts.Herfatherhadalwaysbeenareader,butlatelyhedidn’thavetheenergyorfocus.ShepickedupYoungTitan,MichaelShelden’sbiographyofWinstonChurchill,andstartedtoreaditoutloud.“Rightawayitchangedthemoodandatmosphere,”shesays.Thatafternoon,Khanreadtoherfatherforanhour.Itwasareliefandapleasureforbothofthem.Readinggavethedaughterawaytoconnectwithherfatherandhelphiminasituationthatwasotherwiseoutofherhands.Listeningallowedthefathertotravelonthesoundofhisdaughter’svoice,andbackintotherealmofmature,intellectualengagement,wherehefelthimselfagain.“He’sinandoutofthehospitalalotnow,”Khansays,“andIalwaysreadtohim.”Thatmaybejustwhatthedoctorordered.Ina2010surveyintheUnitedKingdom,elderlyadultswhojoinedweeklyread-aloudgroupsreportedbetterconcentration,lessanxiety,andanimprovedabilitytosocialize.Thesurveyauthorsbelievedtheseimprovementswereinlargepartduetothe“rich,varied,nonprescriptivedietofseriousliterature”thatgroupmembersconsumed,withfictionencouragingfeelingsofrelaxationandcalm,poetrypromotingfocusedconcentration,andnarrativesofallsortsgivingrisetothoughts,feelings,andmemories.4.WhatdoweknowaboutKhan’sfatherfromparagraph2?A.Hestucktoawiderangeofinterests. B.HehadnosmalltalkwithKhan.C.Hismoodsufferedquitealot. D.Allhishopewaslost.5.Whichstatementistrue?A.KhangotinspirationfromYoungTitan.B.KhanhadspeciallypreparedYoungTitanforherfather.C.Readingwasawin-winwayforKhanandherfather.D.Khan’sfatherhadhadnointerestinreading.6.Joiningweeklyread-aloudgroupscanbenefitelderlyadultsinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT.A.thetoleranceofloneliness. B.thecapabilityofsocializing.C.therelievingofanxiety. D.thepromotingofconcentration.7.Whatcanweinferabouttheelderlyadults’activityofgroupreading?A.Allkindsofliteratureworkedequally. B.Aspecifickindofliteratureworkedbetter.C.Itwastheamountofreadingthatcounted. D.Itwasthevarietyofreadingthatcounted.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章以LindaKhan給在醫(yī)院住院的父親閱讀為例，說明了閱讀可以讓老年人注意力更集中，減少焦慮以及提高社交能力?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whattroubledheralmostasmuchashishealthwasthefactthatalldaythetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmalltalk.Sheandherfatherhadalwayshadgoodconversations,butnowhisoncewide-ranginginterestsseemedtohaveshrunktothesizeoftheroom.Hetalkedabouttheterriblehospitalfood,thetests,thedoctors,thediagnosis,thepotentialoutcomes.“Itisreallyhardtositwithapersoninahospital,”Khansays.“Itfeelslikethere’snothingtotalkaboutexcepttheirmedicalsituation.”(幾乎和他的健康一樣困擾她的是，他們倆整天除了令人沮喪的寒暄什么也沒談。她和父親一直聊得很愉快，但現(xiàn)在他曾經(jīng)廣泛的興趣似乎縮小到了這個(gè)房間的大小。他談到了糟糕的醫(yī)院食物、檢查、醫(yī)生、診斷和潛在的后果?！霸卺t(yī)院里和一個(gè)人坐在一起真的很難，”汗說?！案杏X除了他們的醫(yī)療狀況沒什么可談的?！?”可知，可汗的父親和可汗不再閑聊。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Itwasareliefandapleasureforbothofthem.Readinggavethedaughterawaytoconnectwithherfatherandhelphiminasituationthatwasotherwiseoutofherhands.Listeningallowedthefathertotravelonthesoundofhisdaughter’svoice,andbackintotherealmofmature,intellectualengagement,wherehefelthimselfagain.(這對他們倆來說都是一種解脫和快樂。閱讀給了女兒一種與父親溝通的方式，在她無法控制的情況下幫助他。傾聽可以讓父親在女兒的聲音中旅行，回到成熟的、理智的領(lǐng)域，在那里他又感覺到了自己)”可知，C選項(xiàng)“閱讀對汗和她父親來說是一種雙贏的方式”正確。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ina2010surveyintheUnitedKingdom,elderlyadultswhojoinedweeklyread-aloudgroupsreportedbetterconcentration,lessanxiety,andanimprovedabilitytosocialize.(英國2010年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，參加每周朗讀小組的老年人注意力更集中，焦慮更少，社交能力也有所提高)”可知，參加每周一次的大聲朗讀小組不能使老年人在“對孤獨(dú)的容忍”方面受益。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesurveyauthorsbelievedtheseimprovementswereinlargepartduetothe“rich,varied,nonprescriptivedietofseriousliterature”thatgroupmembersconsumed,withfictionencouragingfeelingsofrelaxationandcalm,poetrypromotingfocusedconcentration,andnarrativesofallsortsgivingrisetothoughts,feelings,andmemories.(調(diào)查的作者認(rèn)為，這些進(jìn)步在很大程度上要?dú)w功于小組成員所閱讀的“豐富、多樣、非規(guī)范的嚴(yán)肅文學(xué)”，小說鼓勵(lì)放松和平靜的感覺，詩歌促進(jìn)集中注意力，各種各樣的敘事引發(fā)了思考、感受和記憶)”可推知，重要的是閱讀的多樣性。故選D。CBBYY,astheadultfemalewasknown,madeawilddashofmorethan388kilometersin49days—thelongestdistanceeverrecordedamonghares,rabbitsoranyotherrelatives—researchersreportonlineDecember22inEcology.“Tothinkthatsuchasmallanimallivingundersuchextremeconditionsaveragedabouteightkilometersperdayacrosssevenweeksistrulyamazing,”saysJoelBerger,ascientistatColoradoStateUniversityinFortCollins.Arctichares,alsoknownasNorth-Polehares—whichweighmoreorlessthesameashousecats,aboutfourkilograms—aredesirabletargetsforfoxesandwolvesonthetundra(苔原).Giventhehares’importantroleintheArcticfoodchain,scientistDominiqueBerteauxwantedtoknowhowtheanimalsmoveacrossthedrylandscapewhereveryfewplantscangrow.In2019,Berteauxandcolleaguesfixedsatellitetrackingringson25harescaughtnearthenortherntipofEllesmereIslandinNunavut,Canada.Astheharesquicklyranaway,theresearchershadnoideathecreatureswerebeginningamind-blowingjourneyacrossthetundra,Berteauxsays.That’sbecauseharesandtheirrelatives,typicallyspendtheirliveswithinafamiliarareawherefoodisplentifulandeasytofind.TheArcticharesbehavedquitedifferently,withmosttravelinganywherebetween113and310kilometers.NonecameclosetoBBYY,whodiedofunknowncausesaboutamonthafterreachingherfinaldestination.Foraharetocompletesuchadangerousjourney,itmustbalancetheneedtofindfoodwithoutbecomingfood,saysDennisMurray,ascientist.ThatmakesBBYY’sadventureevenmoreimpressive,hesays.BerteauxandcolleagueshopedatafromBBYYandtheotherharescanhelpshapeconservationstrategiesforthedesertsystemneartheNorthPole.Butevenatthisearlystage,it’sexcitingtofind“somethingunknowninananimalthatwethoughtweknewquitewell,”Berteauxsays.8.WhydidBerteauxandcolleaguesdoresearchonArctichares?A.Becauseoftheiramazingabilitytotravelalongdistance.B.Becauseoftheirweighingmoreorlessthesameashousecats.C.BecauseoftheirimportantroleintheArcticfoodchain.D.Becauseoftheirextremelivingconditions.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mind-blowing”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.Amazing. B.Challenging. C.Demanding. D.Upsetting.10.WhatdoweknowaboutBBYY?A.BBYYwasanadultmalewiththelongestdistancerecordamonghares.B.BBYYdiedoftirednessfromtravelingthelongestdistance.C.BBYY,likeotherArctichares,typicallylivedwithinafamiliararea.D.BBYYmanagedtobalancetheneedtofindfoodwithoutbecomingfood.11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.ThefindingsofBerteauxandcolleaguesaregoodfornothing.B.ThefindingsofBerteauxandcolleaguesjustconfirmwhatpeoplebelieveabouthares.C.Berteauxandcolleagueshavediscoveredanunknownspecies—Arctichares.D.BerteauxandcolleagueswillgoonwiththeirresearchonArctichares.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了一只北極野兔在破紀(jì)錄的旅程中行駛了至少388公里，這次旅行是有記錄以來野兔及其親屬中最長的一次。在資源貧瘠的苔原地區(qū)，既要尋找食物，也要避免成為其他動(dòng)物的食物，BBYY成功地抵達(dá)目的地，這不僅使人感到震驚，也讓人們看到了這種動(dòng)物的隱藏屬性?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Giventhehares’importantroleintheArcticfoodchain,scientistDominiqueBerteauxwantedtoknowhowtheanimalsmoveacrossthedrylandscapewhereveryfewplantscangrow.(考慮到野兔在北極食物鏈中的重要作用，科學(xué)家DominiqueBerteaux想知道野兔是如何在很少有植物生長的干旱地帶活動(dòng)的。)”可知，他們對野兔進(jìn)行研究是出于野兔在北極食物鏈中的重要作用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。分析前后文語境可知，劃線單詞之后的句子內(nèi)容“That’sbecauseharesandtheirrelatives,typicallyspendtheirliveswithinafamiliarareawherefoodisplentifulandeasytofind.(這是因?yàn)橐巴煤退鼈兊挠H戚通常生活在一個(gè)食物豐富、容易找到的熟悉區(qū)域。)”解釋了為何將野兔的這次的旅程形容為“amind-blowingjourney”，即一般情況下，野兔生活在熟悉區(qū)域里，食物豐富且易得，苔原地區(qū)并不是野兔熟悉的地方，且條件惡劣，將它們放生在這樣的地方，它們將要面臨的困難和挑戰(zhàn)可想而知，因此，一旦完成這次旅程就會(huì)讓人覺得震驚。由此可推知，“mind-blowing”應(yīng)是“震驚的”含義。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段內(nèi)容“Foraharetocompletesuchadangerousjourney,itmustbalancetheneedtofindfoodwithoutbecomingfood,saysDennisMurray,ascientist.ThatmakesBBYY’sadventureevenmoreimpressive,hesays.(科學(xué)家DennisMurray說，對于一只野兔來說，要完成如此危險(xiǎn)的旅程，它必須在尋找食物的同時(shí)又不成為食物。他說，這讓BBYY的冒險(xiǎn)更加令人印象深刻。)”可知，野兔在完成這樣的旅程中要尋找食物，同時(shí)避免自身成為食物，而BBYY完成了這樣的冒險(xiǎn)。由此可推知，BBYY成功地平衡了尋找食物而不成為食物的需求。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾段內(nèi)容“Butevenatthisearlystage,it’sexcitingtofind‘somethingunknowninananimalthatwethoughtweknewquitewell,’Berteauxsays.(但即使在這個(gè)早期階段，發(fā)現(xiàn)“我們認(rèn)為我們非常了解的動(dòng)物的未知之處”也是令人興奮的，Berteaux說。)”可知，他們的研究是在早期階段，由此可推知，他們會(huì)繼續(xù)對北極兔進(jìn)行研究。故選D項(xiàng)。DAmidglobaleffortstoreplacefossilfuelswithcleanenergy,Chinesescientistsandengineersareworkingonabrightidea—soakingupabundantenergyfromthesunandthenbeamingitbacktoEarth.MultipleteamsinChinaarecurrentlyfocusedontechnologiesneededforbuildingandrunningaspace-basedsolarpowerfacility,whichwillallowthesun’senergytobecapturednonstop,somethingthatisn’tpossiblefromEarth,saidHouXinbin,aseniorresearcher.Aftercollectingsolarenergy,thespacefacilitywilltransformitintoelectromagneticradiation,suchasmicrowaves,andlaserbeamsandsenditwirelesslybacktotheEarth’ssurface.Receivingstationswill,thenturntheseelectromagneticwavesandlaserbeamsintoelectricityfordistributiontopowergrids(電網(wǎng)).“Asakeysteptotestingtheworkabilityofspace-basedsolarpowergeneration,wewanttomakeandplaceintoorbitapairofsatellites—alargeonethatwillcollectsolarpowerandtransformittomicrowavesandlaserbeams,andasmalleroneresponsibleforreceivinglaserbeams,Meanwhile,agroundstationwillbeinchargeofreceivingthemicrowaves.Thetwosatelliteswillformanin-orbittestingsystemforwirelesspowertransfer,”Housaid.However,ahostoftechnicalissuesmustbesolvedbeforeanycommerciallyviablesolarpowerprojectcantakeshapeinspace,Housaid.Thechallengesincludedevelopinghigh-performancecomponentswithacceptablesizesandweightsthesecannotbetoobigortooheavy—andintegratingthemintoasatellite;andalsoensuringthatthepowerbeamsreachgroundreceivingstationswithgreataccuracy,hesaid.HounotedthatthereisanurgentneedinChinatodevelopnewsourcesofcleanenergy,whicharesustainable,affordableandsecure,andcanbewidelyused,asChinahasannouncedthatitaimstopeakcarbonemissionsbefore2030andrealizecarbonneutralitybefore2060.Thepowergeneratedinthismannerwillbefreeofpollutionandlimitless,andthissourceofenergycouldalsobeusedtopoweranyspacecraftwithinitsbeamingrange.12.Whatistheadvantageofaspace-basedsolarpowerfacilityoveranearth-basedone?A.Itwillcapturethesun’senergycontinuously.B.Itwillcapturethesun’senergycheaply.C.Itwillcapturethesun’senergydirectly.D.Itwillcapturethesun’senergyconveniently.13.What’sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whythespacefacilitywillbebuilt.B.Howthespacefacilitywillwork.C.Whatpartsthespacefacilitywillconsistof.D.Whatbenefitsthespacefacilitywillbring.14.WhichwillHouprobablyagreewith?A.TheconstructionofthisspacefacilitymeansalotinChina’seffortstogogreen.B.Theconstructionofthisspacefacilitywillsoonbecomecommerciallyavailable.C.Theconstructionofthisspacefacilityfacesbothsupportandprotest.D.Theconstructionofthisspacefacilityismoreofadreamthanofareality.15.Whatisthebesttitle?A.ChinaaimingtorealizecarbonneutralitybypromotingcleanenergyB.Chinaaimingtoshineinspace-basedsolarpowertechtoboostcleanenergyC.ChinaaimingtotaketheleadinexploringsolarpowerforcleanenergyD.Chinaaimingtobecomeaspacepowerbybuildingaspace-basedfacility【答案】12.A13.B14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國科學(xué)家和工程師在開發(fā)空間太陽能項(xiàng)目方面的努力和挑戰(zhàn)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“MultipleteamsinChinaarecurrentlyfocusedontechnologiesneededforbuildingandrunningaspace-basedsolarpowerfacility,whichwillallowthesun’senergytobecapturednonstop,somethingthatisn’tpossiblefromEarth,saidHouXinbin,aseniorresearcher.(高級研究員侯新斌說，中國的多個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)目前正專注于建設(shè)和運(yùn)行天基太陽能發(fā)電設(shè)施所需的技術(shù)，該設(shè)施將允許不間斷地捕獲太陽能，這在地球上是不可能的)”可知，與地球上的太陽能發(fā)電設(shè)施相比，太空太陽能發(fā)電設(shè)施的優(yōu)勢是其可以不間斷地捕獲太陽能。故選A。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Aftercollectingsolarenergy,thespacefacilitywilltransformitintoelectromagneticradiation,suchasmicrowaves,andlaserbeamsandsenditwirelesslybacktotheEarth’ssurface.Receivingstationswill,thentumtheseelectromagneticwavesandlaserbeamsintoelectricityfordistributiontopowergrids(電網(wǎng)).(在收集太陽能后，空間設(shè)施將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電磁輻射，如微波和激光束，并將其無線發(fā)送回地球表面。然后接收站將這些電磁波和激光束轉(zhuǎn)換成電能，然后分配到電網(wǎng))”可知，第三段主要講述了這個(gè)空間設(shè)施是如何運(yùn)作的，也就是如何將電磁波和激光束轉(zhuǎn)換成電能，然后分配到電網(wǎng)。故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“HounotedthatthereisanurgentneedinChinatodevelopnewsourcesofcleanenergy,whicharesustainable,affordableandsecure,andcanbewidelyused,asChinahasannouncedthatitaimstopeakcarbonemissionsbefore2030andrealizecarbonneutralitybefore2060.Thepowergeneratedinthismannerwillbefreeofpollutionandlimitless,andthissourceofenergycouldalsobeusedtopoweranyspacecraftwithinitsbeamingrange.(侯指出，中國迫切需要開發(fā)可持續(xù)、價(jià)格合理、安全、可廣泛使用的新型清潔能源，因?yàn)橹袊呀?jīng)宣布要在2030年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳排放峰值，并在2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和。以這種方式產(chǎn)生的能量將是無污染和無限的，這種能量來源也可以用來為其光束范圍內(nèi)的任何航天器提供動(dòng)力)”可推知，由于中國迫切需要開發(fā)可持續(xù)、價(jià)格合理、安全、可廣泛使用的新型清潔能源，因此這個(gè)太空設(shè)施的建設(shè)對中國的綠色發(fā)展意義重大。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Amidglobaleffortstoreplacefossilfuelswithcleanenergy,Chinesescientistsandengineersareworkingonabrightidea—soakingupabundantenergyfromthesunandthenbeamingitbacktoEarth.(在全球用清潔能源取代化石燃料的努力中，中國科學(xué)家和工程師正在研究一個(gè)聰明的想法——從太陽中吸收大量能量，然后將其傳回地球)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了中國科學(xué)家和工程師正在研究利用太空太陽能發(fā)電的技術(shù)，旨在推動(dòng)清潔能源的發(fā)展。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。EncourageYourTeenstoPlayMoreParentsaregenerallyawareoftheimportanceofplayforyoungerkids.Butwhenkidshittheteenstage,itcanbeconfusingtoknowwhatplaylookslikebecausekidsofthisagedon’tengagein“play“thewayyoungerkidsdo.Obviously,playchangesaskidsgrow.Andparentsbegintowonderwhethertheyshouldcontinuetoencouragetheirteenstoplay.___16___Playfulnessdoesn’tgoawayinchildhood;creativityisjustasimportantinadolescence.Adolescenceisatimeofrapidbraindevelopmentandself-inquiry—astagewherepeoplecanfigureoutwhotheyareandwheretheopportunitytostretchindifferentdirectionsreallybuildsintelligence.___17___Furthermore,playallowspeopletomessupandrecoverandlearnhowtodobetternexttime.___18___A2011articleintheAmericanJournalofPlayevaluatedthedeclineofplayandtheriseofmentalhealthissuesinadolescents.Itnotedthatasplaydeclined,instancesofdepression,anxiety,andsuicideincreased.Researchfoundthatplaycanhaveapositiveimpactonkids’mentalhealthbyhelpingthemtolearntomakedecisions,solveproblems,exhibitself-control,andfollowrules.HowtoEncouragePlayinTeens?Teensfeelthetensionofbeingpulledtowardadulthoodwhilealsowantingtoregress(退回)towardchildhood.___19___So,onethingadultscandoismodelvulnerability(脆弱)andplayfulness.Whenparentsarewillingtoengagewithteensinplay,itcangoalongwayinencouragingthem.___20___Therearesomanykidswhoarehighlyscheduledwithlotsofactivities,andoftenwhatkidsreallyneedisalittledowntime.A.Mentalhealthisanotherbenefitofplayforteens.B.Whenengagedinplay,teenstypicallyfeeljoyful.C.Intheend,playwilllookdifferentfromteentoteen.D.Sometimesit’sliketheyneedpermissiontobesillyagain.E.Inaddition,parentscanofferuprawmaterialsandthetimeandspacetousethem.F.Duringthisperiod,playcanhelpteensgrowanddiscoverthingsaboutthemselves.G.Actually,peopleofallagesbenefitfromplay,includingandespeciallyteenagers.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為什么要鼓勵(lì)青少年玩耍以及如何鼓勵(lì)青少年玩耍?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Obviously,playchangesaskidsgrow.Andparentsbegintowonderwhethertheyshouldcontinuetoencouragetheirteenstoplay.(顯然，隨著孩子的成長，游戲也會(huì)發(fā)生變化。父母開始考慮是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)孩子玩耍)”可知，空格處介紹的應(yīng)該是家長不知是否讓青少年繼續(xù)玩耍，G項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)上，所有年齡段的人都可以從游戲中受益，尤其是青少年?！边x項(xiàng)能夠解答父母們的疑惑，選項(xiàng)中的“teenagers”和上文的“teens”相呼應(yīng)。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Furthermore,playallowspeopletomessupandrecoverandlearnhowtodobetternexttime.(此外，玩?？梢宰屓藗儚腻e(cuò)誤中恢復(fù)過來，并學(xué)習(xí)下次如何做得更好)”可知，空格處介紹的應(yīng)該是青少年繼續(xù)玩耍的好處，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)意為“在此期間，玩?？梢詭椭嗌倌瓿砷L并發(fā)現(xiàn)自己?！边x項(xiàng)介紹了玩耍對青少年有好處，選項(xiàng)中的“furthermore”表示補(bǔ)充。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“A2011articleintheAmericanJournalofPlayevaluatedthedeclineofplayandtheriseofmentalhealthissuesinadolescents.Itnotedthatasplaydeclined,instancesofdepression,anxiety,andsuicideincreased.Researchfoundthatplaycanhaveapositiveimpactonkids’mentalhealthbyhelpingthemtolearntomakedecisions,solveproblems,exhibitself-control,andfollowrules.(《美國游戲雜志》(AmericanJournalofPlay)2011年一篇文章評估了青少年中游戲的減少和心理健康問題的增加。報(bào)告指出，隨著玩耍減少，抑郁、焦慮和自殺的情況增加。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，玩?？梢酝ㄟ^幫助孩子學(xué)習(xí)做決定、解決問題、表現(xiàn)出自我控制和遵守規(guī)則，對孩子的心理健康產(chǎn)生積極影響)”可知，空格處介紹的應(yīng)該是青少年繼續(xù)玩耍對心理健康的好處，A項(xiàng)意為“心理健康是青少年玩耍的另一個(gè)好處?！边x項(xiàng)和雜志文章的研究一致。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“HowtoEncouragePlayinTeens?Teensfeelthetensionofbeingpulledtowardadulthoodwhilealsowantingtoregress(退回)towardchildhood.(如何鼓勵(lì)青少年玩耍？青少年感到被拉向成年的緊張，同時(shí)也想回到童年)”可知，空格處提供的是讓青少年玩耍的方法，以及下文“So,onethingadultscandoismodelvulnerability(脆弱)andplayfulness.(所以，成年人可以做的一件事就是模仿脆弱和頑皮)”D項(xiàng)意為“有時(shí)他們似乎需要獲得許可才能再次犯傻。”，選項(xiàng)中的“silly”和后文的“vulnerability(脆弱)andplayfulness”相呼應(yīng)。故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenparentsarewillingtoengagewithteensinplay,itcangoalongwayinencouragingthem.(當(dāng)父母愿意和孩子一起玩耍時(shí)，這對鼓勵(lì)他們會(huì)有很大的幫助)”可知，空格處介紹家長可以和青少年一起玩耍，E項(xiàng)意為“此外，家長可以提供原材料以及使用它們的時(shí)間和空間?！边x項(xiàng)對前面家長可以做的事情進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充，選項(xiàng)中的“Inaddition”起到補(bǔ)充的作用。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LewisB.Smedesoncesaid,”Toforgiveistosetaprisonerfreeanddiscoverthattheprisonerwasyou.“ForyearsTomAnderson’slifewaswithered(枯萎)bythememoryofhis___21___inanadventurethat___22___thedeathofoneofhisclassmates.Heandhiswife___23___aftersixyearsofmarriage.ThenthenewsaboutTomAndersonchanged.HiswifeBettycameback;he___24___afineposition.Onedayhetoldmewhathadchangedhislife,”Iusedtothinknothingcould___25___whatIhaddone.Thethoughtofmy___26___wouldstopmeinthemiddleofasmile.Itputa___27___betweenmywifeandme.ThenIhadan___28___visitfromthepersonIdreaded(恐懼)mosttosee—themotherofthecollegeclassmatewhodied.‘Unlessyouforgive,youcannotlove,’shesaid.‘Andwithoutlove,lifehasno___29___.Shepaused,andthensaid___30___,Youaretheonlypersonwhohasn’tforgivenTomAnderson.’Ifoundthereinhereyes___31___tobethepersonImighthavebeenifherboyhadlived.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ifelt___32___tobeloved.”Forgivenessistruly___33___,