2025屆四川省綿陽(yáng)市高三一診考試英語(yǔ)試題（含答案解析）

綿陽(yáng)市高中2022級(jí)第一次診斷性考試英語(yǔ)本試卷分為試題卷和答題卡兩部分，其中試題卷共12頁(yè);答題卡共2頁(yè)。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡上將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆填寫清楚，同時(shí)用2B鉛筆將考號(hào)準(zhǔn)確填涂在“考號(hào)”欄目?jī)?nèi)。2.選擇題使用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目標(biāo)號(hào)的位置上，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈后再選涂其它答案;非選擇題用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書寫在答題卡的對(duì)應(yīng)框內(nèi)，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后將答題卡收回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)回答聽力部分時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案:C。1.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Makingadeal.B.Playingagame.C.Watchingamatch.2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Attendameeting.B.Havehermeal.C.Gotowork.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirapartment.B.Theirpet.C.Theirdaughter.4.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inashoeshop.B.Inaschool.C.Inanairport.5.WhenistheTreePlantingDay?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatnaturaldisasterishappening?A.Hurricane.B.Flood.C.Wildfire.7.Whatisthewoman?A.Afirefighter.B.Areporter.C.Avolunteer.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatpreventsthemangoingtotheparty?A.Thepreparationforreading.B.Thepunishmentfrommom.C.TheappointmentwithLuke.9.WhatwillMr.Galerepairthistime?A.Theairconditioner.B.Thefridge.C.Theoven.10.Whattimeisitnow?A.2:15.B.3:45.C.4:15.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatdidthewomanmisswhileviewingtheChinesepainting?A.Thecolors.B.Theemotions.C.Theshapes.12.Whatdidthesculptorprobablywanttoexpress?A.Asenseofharmony.B.Thebeautyofnature.C.Thepowerofwill.13.Whatdoweknowabouttheoilpainting?A.Itpresentsahistoricalevent.B.Itiscreatedbymanypeople.C.Itismainlyaboutalandmark.聽第9段材科，回答第14至16題。14.WhatkeepsDeniellewritingabook?A.Titleofbest-sellers.B.Pushfromeditors.C.Passionforstory-telling.15.WhyisJustBeBraveoneofthewriter’sfavorites?A.Ittouchesonherpreference.B.Itcontainsmanymovingsongs.C.Ituncoverstheviolenceofwars.16.HowdoesDenielleviewherreputation?A.Sheisafraidofit.B.Sheisinterestedinit.C.Shefeelsdrivenbyit.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howdodogsbenefittheirowners?A.Bybeinggoodhelpers.B.Byprotectingtheirfamily.C.Byofferingthemcomfort.18.Whatdodogsbringtopeopleaccordingtothe2023study?A.Lowerbloodpressure.B.Abettermood.C.Fasterheartbeat.19.Whydopeopletendtotalktotheirdogs?A.Dogslistenwithoutjudgement.B.Dogsaregiftsfromlovedones.C.Dogshavenonegativeemotions.20.WhatdoesKoganadvisepeopletodo?A.Readmoretotheirdogs.B.Avoidupsettingtheirdogs.C.Replytotheirdogsintime.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。ACoveringhugelandsofChileandArgentinaintheSouthernHemispherePatagoniaisheavenforfansofoutdooradventures.ElCalafate,ArgentinaEverydaygroupsofbusesdepartElCalafateforthePeritoMorenoglacier—anaccessibleicysight,andoneoftheworld’sfewadvancingglaciers.Aseriesofboardwalksleadtovariousviewpointsthatallowyoutobeamazedatthisshining,blue-whitewallofice.Futaleufú,ChileImagineit:youandtherestoftheraftingcrewarewaitingforthesignalfromtheraftingguidetorowlikeyourlifedependsonit.Hugeriverwavesarehittingtheboatandwhite-watersprayshowersyouheadtofoot.YouwipethewateroutofyoureyesandenjoythesunshinewhenpeopleintheNorthernHemispheresufferfromthefreezingcold,andtherearenumerousguesthouseswhereyoucanbaseyourself.CuevadelasManos,ArgentinaInahiddencanyon,reachablebytouroryourownwheels,aboardwalkleadsyoupastavastoverhangingrockface,decoratedwithancientrockart.ThisUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthemostfamousrockartsitesinSouthAmerica,withover800outlinesofhumanhandsandfeetofwildlife.PuntaTombo,ArgentinaYousmellthepenguinsbeforeyouseethem.ThepresenceofnearlyamillionMagellanicpenguins—somehidingunderground,somegoingfishinginthesea,othersstandingaround—isapowerfuleffectonyoursenses.Thelong,narrowpeninsulaalsoattractsgulls,flightlesssteamerducks,andblackoystercatchers.1.WhatcanyoudoinElCalafate,Argentina?A.Carveicywalls. B.Admireglaciers.C.Enjoybustours. D.Decorateboardwalks.2.Inwhichmonthcanyoutakeonthewhite-waterraftingtrips?A.January. B.May. C.August. D.October.3.Whereshouldyougoifyouareinterestedinobservinglivewildlife?A.Futaleufú,Chile B.ElCalafate,ArgentinaC.PuntaTombo,Argentina D.CuevadelasManos,Argentina【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了位于南半球的巴塔哥尼亞地區(qū)及其周邊幾個(gè)適合戶外探險(xiǎn)的地點(diǎn)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ElCalafate,Argentina部分中“Aseriesofboardwalksleadtovariousviewpointsthatallowyoutobeamazedatthisshining,blue-whitewallofice.(一系列的木板路通向不同的視角，讓你驚嘆于這閃閃發(fā)光的藍(lán)白色冰墻。)”可知，你可以通過(guò)一系列的木板路到達(dá)不同的觀賞點(diǎn)，欣賞這閃閃發(fā)光的藍(lán)白色冰墻。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Futaleufú,Chile部分中“Hugeriverwavesarehittingtheboatandwhite-watersprayshowersyouheadtofoot.YouwipethewateroutofyoureyesandenjoythesunshinewhenpeopleintheNorthernHemispheresufferfromthefreezingcold,andtherearenumerousguesthouseswhereyoucanbaseyourself.(巨大的河波打在船上，白色的水花從你的頭噴到腳。當(dāng)北半球的人們?cè)诤渲惺芸鄷r(shí)，你可以擦去眼睛里的水，享受陽(yáng)光，還有無(wú)數(shù)的賓館可以讓你歇腳。)”可知，當(dāng)北半球的人們飽受嚴(yán)寒之苦時(shí)，你可以在Futaleufú享受陽(yáng)光，進(jìn)行漂流。由此可以推斷，“白水漂流之旅”應(yīng)該在南半球的夏季進(jìn)行，即12月到2月之間。故選A。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PuntaTombo,Argentina部分中“ThepresenceofnearlyamillionMagellanicpenguins—somehidingunderground,somegoingfishinginthesea,othersstandingaround—isapowerfuleffectonyoursenses.Thelong,narrowpeninsulaalsoattractsgulls,flightlesssteamerducks,andblackoystercatchers.(近百萬(wàn)只麥哲倫企鵝的存在——有的躲藏在地底下，有的出海捕魚，還有的四處閑逛——會(huì)給你的感官帶來(lái)強(qiáng)烈的震撼。這個(gè)狹長(zhǎng)半島還吸引著海鷗、無(wú)法飛翔的蒸汽鴨和黑蠣鷸。)”可知，如果你對(duì)觀察野生生物感興趣，你應(yīng)該去PuntaTombo。故選C。BIwasdrivingonahotmorningtoLosAngelesinabrand-newcar.Istoppedtogetfuel.Ithoughtanygaswouldwork,andIpickedone.Awhilelater,gettingclosertoLosAngeles,that’swhenthecarsuddenlydied.Icalledtherentalagency.Tenminuteslater,amannamedJacksoncamewithatowtruckandmovedmeofftheroad.Itoldhimwhatwaswrong.Ifeltsodepressed,andIstartedtocry.“Don’tworry.Everythingwillbefine,”hesaid.“It’sOKtocry.Isometimescry.”Thenwesatinhistrucktowaitfortheagentfromthecar-rentalcompany.Hegavemesomesuggestionsondrivingandcars.Itseemedasiftherentalcompanyhadtakenadvantageofmebygivingmeabadcar.Whentheagentfinallycame,Iwasthendriventotherentaloffice.Iwasmadaboutgettingacarthatdidn’tworkrightandcomplainedtothemanager.Heofferedmeanothercar,butIdidn’twanttohandlemoredrivingandaskedarefundoffullamount.Themanageragreedgently.Then,aswewenttogetmystufffromthecar,Isawsomethingwrittenonthewindshield(擋風(fēng)玻璃):“DieselOnly.”IGoogleddieselandlearnedthatgasshouldn’tbeputinadieselcar.Ithought:Oh,myGod!Itwasmyfault.Ifeltsostupid.Themanagerleftmeatthetrainstationwithmysuitcaseandthreebags,whereIaskedapolicemanwhattraintotaketoLosAngeles.Hesaidabuswouldbequicker,andthenhecarriedmybagstothestopandtoldthedrivertotellmewhentogetoff,whichhedid.Onthewaytothehotel,Ifeltawholechainofpeoplehelpedme,butIwastrappedinthinkingeveryonehadbadintentions.It’snaturaltobecautiousinthecomplexworld,butIguessIneededtobemoreopentothekindnessofstrangers,toseethepotentialforgoodineveryinteraction.4.Whydidthecarstopworking?A.Itwasanoldcar. B.Itranoutofgas.C.Duetothehotweather. D.Owingtothewrongfuel.5.HowdidJacksonreacttotheauthor’scrying?A.Hedepressedher. B.Hecriedwithher.C.Hecomfortedher. D.Hecomplainedtoher.6.Whatdidthemanagerfinallydoaftertheauthor’scomplaint?A.Hegavehermoneyback. B.Heofferedasecondcar.C.Hedrovehertothehotel. D.Hehelpedcarryherbags.7.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromherexperience?A.Trustishardtobuildoncelost.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Menarebornkindandtrustworthy.D.Cautionandopennessneedbalance.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者租車時(shí)因加錯(cuò)油導(dǎo)致車拋錨，在尋求幫助的過(guò)程中，作者意識(shí)到自己在復(fù)雜的世界中需要更加謹(jǐn)慎，但也要更加開放地接受陌生人的善意，看到每一次交往中的善意潛力?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“IGoogleddieselandlearnedthatgasshouldn’tbeputinadieselcar.Ithought:Oh,myGod!Itwasmyfault.Ifeltsostupid(我在谷歌上搜索了柴油，了解到柴油車不應(yīng)該加油。)”可知，車停止工作的原因是作者加錯(cuò)了油，將汽油加到了柴油車?yán)?。因此，車停止工作的原因是加錯(cuò)了油。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中Jackson的話“Don’tworry.Everythingwillbefine,(別擔(dān)心。一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的)”和“It’sOKtocry.Isometimescry(哭也沒(méi)關(guān)系。我有時(shí)會(huì)哭。)”可知，Jackson看到作者哭，安慰了作者，告訴她別擔(dān)心，哭是可以的，他有時(shí)候也會(huì)哭。因此，Jackson對(duì)作者哭泣的反應(yīng)是安慰她。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Heofferedmeanothercar,butIdidn’twanttohandlemoredrivingandaskedarefundoffullamount.Themanageragreedgently.(他提出給我另一輛車，但我不想再開車了，并要求全額退款。經(jīng)理溫和地同意了。)”可知，作者抱怨之后要求全額退款，不再要另一輛車，經(jīng)理同意了，最后把錢還給了她。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“It’snaturaltobecautiousinthecomplexworld,butIguessIneededtobemoreopentothekindnessofstrangers,toseethepotentialforgoodineveryinteraction(復(fù)雜的世界里保持謹(jǐn)慎是很自然的，但我想我需要對(duì)陌生人的善意持更開放的態(tài)度，在每次互動(dòng)中看到好的潛力。)”可知，作者認(rèn)識(shí)到在復(fù)雜的世界里謹(jǐn)慎是自然的，但她也需要更加開放地接受陌生人的善意，看到每一次交往中的善意潛力。因此，作者從她的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到了謹(jǐn)慎和開放需要平衡。故選D。CTheauthorofTheJoyLuckClub,AmyTan,makesaglorioussuccessofwritingthisnon-fiction.TheBackyardBirdChroniclestightensthefocusindescribinganddrawingavarietyofbirdsthatvisitheryardinCalifornia.Thebookconsistsofjournalentriesfrom2017through2022thatdescribeherobservationsofthebehaviorofgoldencrownedsparrows,Anna’shummingbirdsandotherbirds,withherdrawingsofthem.Theentirepackageisfascinating,allthemoresobecauseTanfillsthepageswithquestionsaboutwhatsheisseeing.Oneday,frominsideherhouse,Tannoticedafinchflyingbackandforthjustoutsidetheglassdoor,whilelookingdirectlyather.Onefeederwasfullofseeds,andthebirdsattherebutdidnoteat.Anotherfeedernearby,devotedtohighlyfavoredsunflowerseeds,wasempty.“CouldthisbirdpossiblybesignalingthatIshouldrefillitsfavoritefeeder?”Tanwondered.Shedidrefillit,andthefinch“immediatelywenttothefeederandateandateandate.”Whenshebeganthisproject,Tancouldrecognizepreciselythreebirdsinheryard.Now,thecountis63species.Asabirdloverandobserver,Ideeplyshareherjoyatthislearningcurve:In2023,Icounted43birdspeciesinourlittlepatchoflandinsoutheasternVirginia.Tan’splayfulhumormixeswithcompleteanthropomorphism(擬人)attimes:“Iwanttouristjunkfood!”declaresababycrow(烏鴉)shehasdrawn.Thisplayfultoneonlybringsextrawarmthtoabeautifullywrittenandillustratedvolume.Thisbookoffersreflectionsonwaysthatwatchingbirdscanrenewourjoyinnature,andmaybeeventransformourlives.8.WhatformisthebookTheBackyardBirdChronicleswrittenin?A.Diaries. B.Novels. C.Poems. D.Questionnaires.9.WhydoestheauthormentionTan’sobservationofafinch?A.TopraiseTan’swritingability. B.Tourgetheprotectionofthebird.C.Tostressthebird’spreference. D.ToshowTan’scuriosityaboutbirds.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thislearningcurve”inParagraph3referto?A.TheapproachTanadoptedtostudybirdspecies.B.TheprogressTanmadeinidentifyingbirdspecies.C.ThejoysharedbyTanandtheauthorinbirdcounting.D.ThecontrastbetweenTanandtheauthorinbirdcounting.11.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofTan’sbook?A.Pleasantanddirect. B.Freshandbeautiful.C.Warmandhumorous. D.Gloriousandprecise.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了作家譚恩美的作品《后院鳥類編年史》?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thebookconsistsofjournalentriesfrom2017through2022thatdescribeherobservationsofthebehaviorofgoldencrownedsparrows,Anna’shummingbirdsandotherbirds,withherdrawingsofthem.(這本書包括2017年至2022年的日記記錄，描述了她對(duì)金冠麻雀、安娜蜂鳥和其他鳥類行為的觀察，并附有關(guān)于它們的圖畫。)”可知，這本書采用了日記的形式。故選A。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Oneday,frominsideherhouse,Tannoticedafinchflyingbackandforthjustoutsidetheglassdoor,whilelookingdirectlyather.Onefeederwasfullofseeds,andthebirdsattherebutdidnoteat.Anotherfeedernearby,devotedtohighlyfavoredsunflowerseeds,wasempty.“CouldthisbirdpossiblybesignalingthatIshouldrefillitsfavoritefeeder?”Tanwondered.Shedidrefillit,andthefinch“immediatelywenttothefeederandateandateandate.”(有一天，譚從家里看到一只雀在玻璃門外來(lái)回飛翔，直直地望著她。一只喂食器里裝滿了種子，這只鳥坐在那里，但不吃東西。附近的另一個(gè)喂食器是空的，專門喂食備受青睞的葵花籽。譚想知道：“這只鳥可能是在示意我應(yīng)該給它最喜歡的喂食器補(bǔ)充食物嗎？”。她確實(shí)重新裝滿了它，這只雀“立刻到喂食器前，吃了又吃。”)”可知，譚恩美詳細(xì)描述了這只雀的行為，它示意譚恩美把自己喜歡的那個(gè)喂食器裝滿種子，然后就過(guò)去大吃特吃了，只有充滿好奇的人才能觀察這么細(xì)致，由此可推測(cè)出，作者描述譚恩美對(duì)這只雀的觀察是想要表現(xiàn)她對(duì)鳥充滿好奇。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenshebeganthisproject,Tancouldrecognizepreciselythreebirdsinheryard.Now,thecountis63species.(當(dāng)她開始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，譚可以準(zhǔn)確地認(rèn)出院子里的三只鳥。現(xiàn)在，數(shù)量是63種。)”可知，譚恩美在自家院子里識(shí)別的鳥從3種慢慢上升到63種，再結(jié)合畫線詞所在句“Asabirdloverandobserver,Ideeplyshareherjoyatthislearningcurve:In2023,Icounted43birdspeciesinourlittlepatchoflandinsoutheasternVirginia.(作為一名鳥類愛好者和觀察者，我深深地分享了她對(duì)這條學(xué)習(xí)曲線的喜悅：2023年，我在弗吉尼亞州東南部的一小塊土地上統(tǒng)計(jì)了43種鳥類。)”可知，“thislearningcurve”指的是上文講述的譚恩美在識(shí)別鳥類方面取得的進(jìn)步。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Tan’splayfulhumormixeswithcompleteanthropomorphismattimes(譚的俏皮幽默與完全擬人化的時(shí)代混合在一起)”和“ Thisplayfultoneonlybringsextrawarmthtoabeautifullywrittenandillustratedvolume(這種俏皮的語(yǔ)氣只會(huì)給一本優(yōu)美的文字和插圖帶來(lái)額外的溫暖)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為譚恩美的這本書幽默且溫暖。故選C。DImagineyou’recookingpotatoesforbreakfast.First,you’dremovethepotatoesfromtheirplasticbag.Then,youmightchopthemonaplasticcuttingboard.Next,you’dprobablycooktheminanonstickpan.Alltheremoving,choppingandoverheatingofnonstickpanscanadd2.3millionmicroplasticstoyourfood.Besidesfood,theairandwaterinyourhomeisfullofmicroplastics.Smallerthanagrainofsalt,weinteractwiththemmorethanwemightrealize.Humansbreathinabout22,000,000microplasticsannually.Asaresult,microplasticshavebeendetectedinourbloodandlungs.We’reonlyjustbeginningtounderstandtheeffectofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth—butresearchsuggestsweshouldconcernmore.Agroundbreakingnewstudyshowshowthepresenceofmicroplasticsinarteries(動(dòng)脈血管)islinkedtoagreaterriskofheartattackanddeath.Whenmicroplasticsbuildupinarteries,thethickerbloodvessel(血管)wallsreducebloodflowtopartsofthebody.Thisstudywillinspiremoreresearchintowhatotherorgansplasticmaybedamaging,suchasthebrain,orstomach.Microplasticsmaybeinescapable,butwithsimpleswapsandfixes,youcanreducetheamountofmicroplasticsyouencounterinyourownhome.Carryyourownreusablebagsandavoidbuyingfoodthatcomesinmuchplasticpackaging.Whenheatingfood,usestainlesssteelinsteadofnonstickpans.Anotherwaytolimityourexposureistofilter(過(guò)濾)yourtapwatertoreduceplasticfibersinthetapwater.Ultimatelyplasticmanufacturersandthecompaniesthatselltheirproductsareresponsibleforthehighvolumeofplasticwasteinourenvironments,andsignificantlyreducingthatplastic—andthemicroplasticsthatcomewithit—willhavetobeatthepolicylevelnationwideandworldwide.12.Whatdoestheauthortrytoconveybytellingthecookingstory?A.Microplasticsdirectlyleadtodiseases.B.Nonstickpansarefreeofmicroplastics.C.Weconsumedmicroplasticsunknowingly.D.Cookingistoblameformakingmicroplastics.13.Howdomicroplasticsaffectourbodyaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Bydamagingourbrain. B.Byslowingbloodflow.C.Bythickeningourlungs. D.Bycausingstomachache.14.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Tipsforpeopletocutmicroplastics.B.Proofofmicroplasticsinourhomes.C.Presenceofmicroplasticsinpackaging.D.Exposuretomicroplasticsviatapwater.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Plasticwastecomesfrommicroplasticsonearth.B.Theamountofplasticwasteissignificantlylarge.C.Relevantregulationsarevitaltocontainplasticuse.D.Plasticmakersandbuyersanswerforplasticwaste.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要探討了微塑料對(duì)人類健康的影響，包括其在食物、空氣和水中的普遍存在，以及可能對(duì)人體器官如心臟造成的危害，并提出了一些減少微塑料暴露的建議?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Imagineyou’recookingpotatoesforbreakfast.First,you’dremovethepotatoesfromtheirplasticbag.Then,youmightchopthemonaplasticcuttingboard.Next,you’dprobablycooktheminanonstickpan.Alltheremoving,choppingandoverheatingofnonstickpanscanadd2.3millionmicroplasticstoyourfood.(想象一下你在早餐時(shí)煮土豆。首先，你會(huì)從塑料袋里拿出土豆。然后，你可能會(huì)在塑料砧板上切它們。接下來(lái)，你可能會(huì)在不粘鍋里煮它們。所有去除、切割和加熱不粘鍋的動(dòng)作可能會(huì)給你的食物增加230萬(wàn)微塑料顆粒)”可推知，作者試圖通過(guò)講述烹飪故事來(lái)傳達(dá)我們?cè)诓恢榈那闆r下攝入了微塑料。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Agroundbreakingnewstudyshowshowthepresenceofmicroplasticsinarteries(動(dòng)脈血管)islinkedtoagreaterriskofheartattackanddeath.Whenmicroplasticsbuildupinarteries,thethickerbloodvessel(血管)wallsreducebloodflowtopartsofthebody.(一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性的新研究表明，動(dòng)脈中微塑料的存在與心臟病發(fā)作和死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān)。當(dāng)微塑料在動(dòng)脈中積聚時(shí)，更厚的血管壁會(huì)減少流向身體各部位的血液)”可知，微塑料通過(guò)減緩血流來(lái)影響我們的身體。故選B?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Microplasticsmaybeinescapable,butwithsimpleswapsandfixes,youcanreducetheamountofmicroplasticsyouencounterinyourownhome.Carryyourownreusablebagsandavoidbuyingfoodthatcomesinmuchplasticpackaging.Whenheatingfood,usestainlesssteelinsteadofnonstickpans.Anotherwaytolimityourexposureistofilter(過(guò)濾)yourtapwatertoreduceplasticfibersinthetapwater.(微塑料可能是無(wú)法避免的，但通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的替換和修復(fù)，你可以減少在自己家中接觸到的微塑料的數(shù)量。帶上你自己的可重復(fù)使用的袋子，避免購(gòu)買包裝有大量塑料的食品。加熱食物時(shí)，使用不銹鋼而不是不粘鍋。另一種限制暴露的方法是過(guò)濾你的自來(lái)水以減少自來(lái)水中的塑料纖維)”可知，本段主要提供了減少在家中接觸微塑料的建議，包括使用可重復(fù)使用的袋子、避免購(gòu)買塑料包裝的食品、使用不銹鋼鍋加熱食物以及過(guò)濾自來(lái)水等。故選A。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ultimately,plasticmanufacturersandthecompaniesthatselltheirproductsareresponsibleforthehighvolumeofplasticwasteinourenvironments,andsignificantlyreducingthatplastic—andthemicroplasticsthatcomewithit—willhavetobeatthepolicylevelnationwideandworldwide.(最終，塑料制造商和銷售其產(chǎn)品的公司對(duì)我們環(huán)境中大量的塑料垃圾負(fù)有責(zé)任，要在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)和全球范圍內(nèi)大大減少這種塑料——以及隨之而來(lái)的微塑料——將必須在政策層面進(jìn)行)”可知，塑料制造商和銷售產(chǎn)品的公司對(duì)塑料垃圾負(fù)有責(zé)任，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)和全球范圍內(nèi)通過(guò)政策層面減少塑料和微塑料的重要性。由此推知，相關(guān)法規(guī)對(duì)控制塑料使用至關(guān)重要。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。GraffitiandStreetArtPeoplehavebeenpaintingandwritingonwallsthroughouthistory.Inprehistorictimes,peopleinAfricaandEuropeusedtopaintpicturesofanimalsandpeopleincaves.____16____.IntheRomantownofPompeii,archaeologistshavefoundnumerousexamplesofgraffitiwritteninLatin.Theseincludereligious,politicalandromanticmessages,andevensomemagicspells.Inthelatetwentiethcentury,graffitiandstreetartbecameaninternationalphenomenon.Inthe1970s,youngpeopleinNewYorkusedpenstowritetheirnames,or“tags”,onwallsaroundthecity.OneofthefirsttaggerswasDemetrius.Atfirst,hewrotehistagonwallsinhisneighborhood.Thenhestartedtagginginsubwaystationsonthewaytoandfromschool.Whenthesubwaytrainstoppedatastation,hewouldjumpoff,writehistagonthewallandthenjumpbackonbeforethedoorsclosed.OtherteenagersnoticedDemetrius’stagandstartedtowritetheirown.____17____.Butisgraffitiartordamage?AmericanartistEluraEmeraldorganizedastreetartexhibitionataNewYorkGalleryin2008.“Streetartistsandartistswhopaintonthestreetaremerelyexpressingthemselves,nothurtinganyone.____18____.”shedefended.____19____.Inmanycountries,writingorpaintingonpublicorprivatepropertyisconsideredillegal.Manystreetartistshavebeenstoppedbythepoliceandsomehavehadtopayfines.Manycitycouncilscomplainaboutthehighcostofcleaninggraffitioffbuildings,busesandtrains.However,somecountriestakeamoretolerantattitude.Insomecountries,councilshavetriedtoencourageartistsnottopaintrandomlyonwallsbyallowingthemtoworkinspecificareas.____20____.A.PoliciesalsovaryfromregiontoregionB.TheyshouldbeappreciatedandcelebratedC.ThereareexhibitionsofstreetartinmajorcitiessuchasParisD.Thecity’swalls,busesandsubwaytrainswerecoveredwithtagssoonE.InGreeceandItaly,graffitihasbeenfoundonbuildingsatancientsitesF.InParis,thereare“graffitizones”whereartistsarefreetopaintandwriteG.Therehasbeenagrowingrecognitionofitsvalueinthepastfewdecades【答案】16.E17.D18.B19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了涂鴉和街頭藝術(shù)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Inprehistorictimes,peopleinAfricaandEuropeusedtopaintpicturesofanimalsandpeopleincaves.(在史前時(shí)期，非洲和歐洲的人們過(guò)去常常在洞穴里畫動(dòng)物和人的畫)”和空后“IntheRomantownofPompeii,archaeologistshavefoundnumerousexamplesofgraffitiwritteninLatin.(在羅馬的龐貝城，考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多用拉丁語(yǔ)書寫的涂鴉)”可知，空處應(yīng)講述在其他地方發(fā)現(xiàn)的涂鴉證據(jù)，E項(xiàng)“在希臘和意大利，在古代遺址的建筑上發(fā)現(xiàn)了涂鴉”符合題意。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“OtherteenagersnoticedDemetrius’stagandstartedtowritetheirown.(其他青少年注意到Demetrius的標(biāo)簽，開始寫自己的標(biāo)簽)”可知，空處承接上文，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步講述其他青少年模仿Demetrius所產(chǎn)生的影響，D項(xiàng)“這座城市的墻壁、公共汽車和地鐵很快就涂滿了標(biāo)簽”符合題意。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Streetartistsandartistswhopaintonthestreetaremerelyexpressingthemselves,nothurtinganyone.(街頭藝術(shù)家和在街上畫畫的藝術(shù)家只是在表達(dá)自己，而不是傷害任何人)”可知，EluraEmerald為街頭藝術(shù)辯護(hù)，她認(rèn)為街頭藝術(shù)家和在街上畫畫的藝術(shù)家通過(guò)街頭藝術(shù)來(lái)表達(dá)自己，并沒(méi)有傷害他人，空處應(yīng)進(jìn)一步講述她認(rèn)為應(yīng)該支持這些藝術(shù)家，B項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該得到欣賞和贊揚(yáng)”符合題意。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Inmanycountries,writingorpaintingonpublicorprivatepropertyisconsideredillegal.Manystreetartistshavebeenstoppedbythepoliceandsomehavehadtopayfines.Manycitycouncilscomplainaboutthehighcostofcleaninggraffitioffbuildings,busesandtrains.(在許多國(guó)家，在公共或私人財(cái)產(chǎn)上寫作或繪畫被認(rèn)為是非法的。許多街頭藝術(shù)家被警察攔下，有些人不得不支付罰款。許多市議會(huì)抱怨清理建筑物、公共汽車和火車上的涂鴉成本高昂)”和最后一段中的“However,somecountriestakeamoretolerantattitude.(然而，一些國(guó)家采取了更寬容的態(tài)度)”可知，下文講述了不同國(guó)家對(duì)待涂鴉的不同態(tài)度，所以A項(xiàng)“政策也因地區(qū)而異”最能概括下文內(nèi)容。故選A。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Insomecountries,councilshavetriedtoencourageartistsnottopaintrandomlyonwallsbyallowingthemtoworkinspecificareas.(在一些國(guó)家，議會(huì)試圖通過(guò)允許藝術(shù)家在特定區(qū)域工作來(lái)鼓勵(lì)他們不要隨意在墻上畫畫)”可知，空處應(yīng)具體說(shuō)明一些國(guó)家給藝術(shù)家特定涂鴉區(qū)域的例子，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“在巴黎，有“涂鴉區(qū)”，藝術(shù)家可以在那里自由繪畫和寫作”符合題意。故選F。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afterbreakfast,FatherwasbusyreadingthenewspaperwhileMotherwaswatchingTV.Suddenly,myfathersaid,“Let’sbuyagrandfatherclock(落地鐘).”Motherreplied____21____,“No,Definitelyno,wearenotbuyingone.”Motherwas____22____mostofthetime.ButthistimeFather____23____,andendedupbuyingwhathewanted.Thenextdaythegrandfatherclockwasdeliveredtoourhouse____24____Mother’spermission.Itwassoloudthateverytimetheclock____25____anhour,wewereshocked.Theloudnoise____26____attractedMr.Kunal,wholivedthreedoorsawayfromourhouse.Soyoucan____27____howhorribleitwas.Andthen,onenight,mymotherwaswokenupbytheclock’snoise.Shewas____28____atbeingwokenupwhilesleeping.Shewasquitesleepy.____29____,sherealizedthattherewasalsoanothernoiseinthehouse,_____30_____fromtheclock:footsteps.Shegotupfromthebedandwenttothediningroom.Toherhorror,therewasa_____31_____ofamanstandingthere,andsheshoutedasloudasshecould,“Whoareyou?”Themanwasso_____32_____thathebrokethechinaplateinhishandandranoutofthehouse.Thenextmorning,asthey_____33_____awaythebrokenplate,Fathersaid,“Theclocksavedusfrompossibledanger,didn’tit?Didn’tItellyouthatitwasa_____34_____clock?”Afterallitdidsaveus.MaybeitisoneoftheveryfewthingsthatFatherboughtandwas_____35_____byMother!21.A.curiously B.easily C.firmly D.softly22.A.considerate B.generous C.pessimistic D.stubborn23.A.assisted B.insisted C.tolerated D.hesitated24.A.for B.under C.on D.without25.A.beat B.hit C.knocked D.struck26.A.even B.later C.rarely D.seldom27.A.hear B.ignore C.imagine D.predict28.A.annoyed B.surprised C.guilty D.pleased29.A.Besides B.However C.Otherwise D.Moreover30.A.absent B.apart C.far D.free31.A.figure B.height C.shadow D.statue32.A.astonished B.concerned C.impressed D.excited33.A.blew B.drove C.gave D.swept34.A.designed B.blessed C.noisy D.troublesome35.A.admired B.denied C.recognized D.rejected【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.D25.D26.A27.C28.A29.B30.B31.A32.A33.D34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的父親不顧母親的反對(duì)，購(gòu)買了一個(gè)落地鐘放在家中。一天夜里，作者的母親被鐘表發(fā)出的大的噪音給吵醒，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)了有個(gè)男人偷偷進(jìn)了他們家，這個(gè)男人被母親突然的大喊聲嚇跑了。這個(gè)落地鐘救了作者一家，避免了危險(xiǎn)的發(fā)生，得到了母親的欣賞。21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：母親堅(jiān)定地回答說(shuō)。A.curiously好奇地；B.easily容易地；C.firmly堅(jiān)定地、堅(jiān)決地；D.softly溫柔地、柔和地。根據(jù)下句“No,Definitelyno,wearenotbuyingone.(不，絕對(duì)不，我們不買。)”可知，母親回答地很堅(jiān)決。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：母親大部分時(shí)間都很固執(zhí)。A.considerate細(xì)致的、體貼的；B.generous慷慨的、大方的；C.pessimistic悲觀的；D.stubborn固執(zhí)的。根據(jù)前文“Motherreplied1,“No,Definitelyno,wearenotbuyingone.”(媽媽堅(jiān)定地回答：“不，絕對(duì)不，我們不買?！?”可推知，母親大部分時(shí)間應(yīng)該都是很固執(zhí)的。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但這一次父親堅(jiān)持，最后買了他想要的東西。A.assisted幫助、協(xié)助；B.insisted堅(jiān)持；C.tolerated容忍；D.hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)第1、2小題可知，母親堅(jiān)決不同意父親購(gòu)買落地鐘，結(jié)合本句中的“But”和“endedupbuyingwhathewanted”可知，父親最終還是買了，可見他這次很堅(jiān)持自己的想法。故選B。【24題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，落地鐘未經(jīng)母親允許就送到了我們家。A.for為了；B.under在下面；C.on在上面；D.without沒(méi)有。根據(jù)前文母親的話“No,Definitelyno,wearenotbuyingone.(不，絕對(duì)不，我們不買。)”可知，母親沒(méi)有同意父親購(gòu)買落地鐘，所以落地鐘被送到家中沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)母親的許可。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：喧鬧聲如此之大，以至于每次鐘敲一小時(shí)，我們都感到震驚。A.beat打敗、擊打；B.hit擊中；C.knocked敲、擊；D.struck（時(shí)鐘）敲響。根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可知，這里是指每過(guò)一小時(shí)時(shí)鐘就會(huì)敲響報(bào)時(shí)，聲音非常大。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：巨大的噪音甚至吸引了住在離我們家三戶之隔的庫(kù)納爾先生。A.even甚至；B.later后來(lái)；C.rarely罕有、少有；D.seldom很少。根據(jù)下句“Soyoucan7howhorribleitwas.(所以你可以想象那有多可怕。)”可知，時(shí)鐘敲響的聲音非常大，甚至住在離我們加三戶之隔的鄰居都能聽得見，這里even強(qiáng)調(diào)了聲音的可怕程度。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以你可以想象那有多可怕。A.hear聽到；B.ignore忽視；C.imagine想象；D.predict預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)上句“Theloudnoise6attractedMr.Kunal,wholivedthreedoorsawayfromourhouse.(巨大的噪音甚至吸引了住在離我們家三戶之隔的庫(kù)納爾先生。)”可知，離得那么遠(yuǎn)的鄰居都能聽見作者家中的鐘響的聲音，所以可以想象出來(lái)這個(gè)噪音的可怕程度。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她因睡覺時(shí)被吵醒而生氣。A.annoyed生氣的；B.surprised驚訝的；C.guilty內(nèi)疚的；D.pleased高興的。根據(jù)上句“Andthen,onenight,mymotherwaswokenupbytheclock’snoise.(然后，一天晚上，我媽媽被鬧鐘的聲音吵醒了。)”和下句“Shewasquitesleepy.(她很困。)”可知，晚上睡得正香的時(shí)候，被自己不喜歡的鐘發(fā)出的噪音吵醒，一定是非常生氣的。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，她意識(shí)到除了鐘的聲音外，房子里還有另一種聲音：腳步聲。A.Besides此外；B.However然而；C.Otherwise否則；D.Moreover而且。根據(jù)前兩句“Shewas8atbeingwokenupwhilesleeping.Shewasquitesleepy.(她因睡覺時(shí)被吵醒而生氣，她很困。)”和本句中的“sherealizedthattherewasalsoan