商務英語閱讀（第3冊）（第二版） 課件Unit 3 Product Quality；Unit 4 Business Leardership

商務英語閱讀3UNIT3ProductQualityLearningObjectivesUnderstandthefunctionsofonlineuserratingsandreviews.Pondercriticallytherolethatonlineuserratingsandreviewsplayinconsumers’purchasedecision-making.Learnaboutthechangingconsumersentimentfor“MadeinChina”.Reviewhow“MadeinChina”and“craftsmanshipspirit”havecounteredtheimageofbeingcheap,inferior,andunfashionable.CONTENTS01.TextA02.

TextB03.ChineseValuesHighOnlineUserRatingsDon’tActuallyMeanYou’reGettingaQualityProductTextAWarmingupCanonlineuserratingstrulyreflectproductorservicequality?Whatiscraftsmanship?Whatisyourimpressionon“MadeinChina”?WordsandExpressionsostensiblyadv.Ifsomethingisdoneostensiblyforaparticularreason,itisnotreallydoneforthisreasonbutpeoplepretendthatitis.表面上，假裝地(GRE;GMAT;IELTS)ThebigbosseswenttoHawaii,ostensiblytolaunchthenewproject.WordsandExpressionsadventn.(theadventof)thetimewhensomethingfirstbeginstobewidely

used……的出現(xiàn)（來臨）(GRE;GMAT;TEM-8)WiththeadventoftheInternetandsocialmedia,theymustnowmonitorpublicsourcesandintegratethatinformationwiththeirclinicaldata.WordsandExpressionstacticn.amethodyouusetoachievesomething手法；策略(CET-6;TEM-4)Salesmenemployallsortsofclevertacticstotryandpersuadeyou.WordsandExpressionswanevi.Ifsomethingsuchaspower,influence,orafeelingwanes,itbecomesgraduallylessstrongorimportant.（權利、影響、感覺等）逐漸減弱(TEM-8)Myenthusiasmfortheprojectwaswaning.WordsandExpressionspunchlinen.thelastfewwordsofajokeorstory,thatmakeitfunnyorsurprising（笑話、故事中最后幾句點題或拋出笑料的）妙語，畫龍點睛的結尾語(CET-6)Ifyouseethosesortsofcasualreferences,bearinmindtheymightjustbetheretomakeapunchline.WordsandExpressionsillusionn.somethingthatseemstobedifferentfromthewayitreallyis假象，錯覺

(CET-4;TEM-4)Themirrorsintheroomgaveanillusionofgreaterspace.WordsandExpressionscoincidevi.tohappenatthesametimeassomethingelse,especiallybychance同時發(fā)生，（尤指）巧合(CET-4;TEM-4)Suspectsareinterviewedinseparateroomstoseeiftheirstoriescoincide.WordsandExpressionssophisticatedadj.asophisticatedmachine,system,methodetc.isverycleverlydesignedandveryadvancedandoftenworksinacomplicatedway（機器、系統(tǒng)、方法等）精密的；高級的，尖端的；復雜的(CET-4;TEM-4)Itincludesasophisticatedplug-insolutionthatturnsitintoatruedevelopmentplatform.WordsandExpressionsvariablen.avariableisafactorthatcanchangeinquality,quantity,orsize,thatyouhavetotakeintoaccountinasituation可變因素(CET-4;TEM-4)Therearetoomanyvariablesintheexperimenttopredicttheresultprecisely.WordsandExpressionsundertakevt.toacceptthatyouareresponsibleforapieceofwork,andstarttodoit著手做；承擔，接受(CET-4;TEM-4)Ifyouundertaketheproject,youareboundtoencounterdifficulties.WordsandExpressionspremiumadj.premiumproductsareofahigherthanusualqualityandareoftenexpensive高端的(CET-6;TEM-8)Atthepremiumendofthemarket,businessisbooming.WordsandExpressionspenalizevt.totreatsomeoneunfairlyormakethemhaveadisadvantage不公平地對待……；使……處于不利位置(CET-6;TEM-8)Salestaxespenalizetheconsumers.WordsandExpressionsunderlying

adj.theunderlyingfeaturesofanobject,event,orsituationarenotobvious,anditmaybedifficulttodiscoverorrevealthem根本的；潛在的(CET-6)HetheorizedthattheunderlyingcauseofthewarwasslaveryStructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-3Theintroductiontotheresearchofonlinereviews.Para.4Ahostofissueswith

userratings:statisticalissues,samplingissuesandevaluationissues.Para.5-6Tworesearchquestions.Para.7-11Majorfindings.Para.12-13Commentsonthefindings.NotesonTextA1.Thepunchlineisthatthetrustweplaceinstarratingsreflectsanillusionofvalidity;...關鍵在于，我們對星級評級的信任反映了一種有效性幻覺。illusionofvalidity表示“有效性幻覺”，是一種認知偏差，即在預測結果與輸入信息之間形成沒有根據(jù)的自信。NotesonTextA2.Consumerswithextremeopinionsaremorelikelytopostreviews,whichisreferredtoasa“brag-and-moan”bias.持極端觀點的消費者更有可能發(fā)表評論，不過是“非吹噓即抱怨”的偏見。Discussion1.Whatistheeffectofonlinereviewsonconsumers’purchasedecisionmaking?2.Whatistheimpactofnegativereviewsononlinebusinesses?3.Howshouldonlinebusinessesbuildtrustwithconsumers?ExercisesI.ReadingComprehension1-5DADACII.VocabularyA.1-5CAADD6-10BADCCB.1.Inlightof2.gowith3.associatedwith4.ahostof5.correspondwith6.intermsof7.stemfrom8.whenitcomesto9.rangefrom...to10.relatedtoIII.Cloze(1)emerging(2)perceptions(3)negative(4)readily(5)transition(6)shedding(7)capabilities(8)compete(9)copy(10)adaptionExercisesIV.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.如果所有產(chǎn)品使用者都對產(chǎn)品進行打分，得出的平均評級和一部分產(chǎn)品使用者的平均評級是不完全統(tǒng)一的。2.此外，眾所周知消費者對產(chǎn)品的質量評定不僅基于客觀的產(chǎn)品性能，還深受其他因素影響，例如品牌形象、產(chǎn)品價格和包裝設計。3.兩者的對應關系非常小——事實上，亞馬遜網(wǎng)站上星級較高的產(chǎn)品在《消費者報告》上得到更高分數(shù)的概率為57%，這只比拋硬幣的概率略高。4.實際上，多數(shù)研究參與者都有這種錯覺，至少在價格方面是這樣的：他們認為評論者們是因為產(chǎn)品價格過高才給的差評，但事實恰恰相反。5.當一個銷售人員給我們推薦比較貴的安全座椅時，很多人都會認為這位銷售人員可能是為了拿提成才這么做的。ExercisesV.Discussion1.Onlinereviewscanimproveconsumerperceptionofshoppingsitesandproducts,attractconsumerscaringpotentially,andincreaseconsumerloyaltyandsenseofcommunitytothesite,whichallowsconsumerstomakebettershoppingdecisions.Asconsumers’guideinformation,anonymoustransmissionofonlinereviewsmakemoreconsumersarewillingtoprovidetheirownreal-lifeexperience,evenifitisanegativeone.ExercisesV.Discussion2.Negativereviewscanhaveadetrimentaleffectonyouronlinebusinessinseveralways.Firstly,negativereviewsmaydamagethebrandreputation:Anegativereviewcanquicklytarnishthebrand’simage,makingitchallengingtorecover.Researchhasshownthatevenaone-stardecreaseinratingcanresultina5-9%declineinrevenue.Secondly,negativereviewswilldeterpotentialcustomers,inthatonlineshoppersoftenreadreviewsbeforemakingapurchase,andanegativereviewcandirectlyinfluencetheirdecision.Thirdly,negativereviewsaffectsearchenginerankingsofacertainproduct:Searchenginesconsiderreviewswhendeterminingwebsiteranking.Ahighnumberofnegativereviewscanleadtolowersearchenginerankingsandreducedvisibility.ExercisesV.Discussion3.Inordertobuildtrustwithconsumers,onlinebusinessesshouldmakesucheffortsasfollows.Firstly,onlineshoppersareoftenconcernedaboutthesecurityoftheirpersonalinformation.Offeringidentitytheftprotectionenablesbusinessestoreassurecustomersandreducethelikelihoodofnegativereviewsstemmingfromsecurityconcerns.Secondly,Ensuringcustomersthattheirpurchasesareprotectedcangoalongwayinbuildingtrust.Ifaproblemariseswithapurchase,aguaranteecanhelpresolvetheissuewithminimaltimeandeffortonyourpart,preventingnegativereviewsfromfrustratedcustomers.Thirdly,pricingisacriticalfactorinthedecision-makingprocessformanycustomers.Byofferingalowestpriceguarantee,businessescanpreventnegativereviewsrelatedtopricingdiscrepanciesanddemonstratetheircommitmenttoprovidingvalue.TheReturnofCraftsmanshipinChinaTextBWordsandExpressionsbenchmarkn.alevelofqualitythatcanbeusedasastandardwhencomparingotherthings衡量基準(CET-6;TEM-8)Heroutstandingperformancessetanewbenchmarkforsingersthroughouttheworld.WordsandExpressionsmantran.aword,phraseorsoundthatisrepeatedagainandagain,especiallyduringprayerormeditation咒語；頌歌“Thinkglobal,actlocal”isapowerfulmantraforthe21stcentury.WordsandExpressionscustom-tailoredadj.madeorchangedaccordingtothebuyer’soruser’s

needs客戶定制的Pavlowaswearingcustom-tailoredsuits,tooling

aroundinlimosandflyingtotheCaymansregularly.WordsandExpressionsboostv.toincreaseorimprovesomething增強，促進(CET-4;TEM-8)ThecompanyislookingforwaystoboostsalesinAsia,itsbiggestmarket.WordsandExpressionssovereigntyn.thepowerofacountrytocontrolitsowngovernment主權，最高統(tǒng)治權(CET-6;TEM-4)Talksarebeingheldaboutwhoshouldhavesovereigntyovertheisland.WordsandExpressionsadvocacyn.publicsupportforanidea,plan,orwayofdoingsomething倡議

(TEM-8)Wejoinedaclubthatpromotescyclingforfunandfitnessthroughadvocacyandeducation.WordsandExpressionsvigor

n.physicalormentalenergyandenthusiasm活力(TEM-4)Theywenttoworkwithyouthfulvigorandenthusiasm.WordsandExpressionsinitiativen.anewplanorprocesstoachievesomethingorsolveaproblem倡議

(CET-4;TEM-4)TheUNcalledonallpartiesintheconflicttotakeapositivestancetowardsthenewpeaceinitiative.WordsandExpressionsbolstervt.tosupportorimprovesomethingormakeitstronger增強，鞏固(CET-6)Moremoneyisneededtobolstertheindustry.WordsandExpressionsrenaissance

n.anewgrowthofactivityorinterestinsomething,especiallyart,literature,ormusic復興

(CET-6;TEM-4)Thestrategyactuallypreferreddependsontheparticipants’attitudestowardtheprospectsofafreshstartandthechancesoftheoldparadigm’srenaissance.WordsandExpressionscapturevt.totakesomeoneasaprisoner,ortotakesomethingintoyourpossession,especiallybyforce俘獲，捕獲；奪取，占領(CET-4;TEM-4)ThepopularmeaningofValentine’sDaycontinuestocaptureheartsaroundtheworld,evenifnotalwaysonFebruary14th.WordsandExpressionscarteblanchen.completefreedomtodosomething全權Alawpassedin1991gavethepresidentcarteblancheintheappointmentofthecommander-in-chiefandtheremovaloftopofficers.WordsandExpressionssavoir-fairen.theconfidenceandabilitytodotheappropriatethinginasocialsituation機敏Youneedbothcapitalandsavoir-fairetobeasuccessfulentrepreneur.WordsandExpressionsdeciphervt.todiscoverthemeaningofsomethingwrittenbadlyorinadifficultorhiddenway破譯，辨認(TEM-8)Itisjustafactthatthingswritteninanon-standardformoflanguagearedifficulttodecipher,eveniftheyarephoneticallycorrect.WordsandExpressionselusiveadj.difficulttodescribe,find,achieve,orremember難以理解的，難以記住的；難以發(fā)現(xiàn)的(CET-6;TEM-8)Philosophicalargumentsaddressoneofthemostfundamentalyetelusivequestionsfacingbe_x0002_havioralscientists,namely,whatconstitutesadisorder?WordsandExpressionsbonafideadj.genuineorreal真正的；真誠的(TEM-8)Theinternationalcommunityhadanobligationtoseparatethemfrombonafiderefugees.WordsandExpressionsostentatiousadj.tooobviouslyshowingyourmoney,possessions,orpower,inanattempttomakeotherpeoplenoticeandadmireyou招搖的；夸耀的(TEM-8)Theycriticizedtheostentatiouslifestyleoftheirleaders.WordsandExpressionsmillennialn.relatingtoamillenniumortotheyear2000一千年的，千禧年的Anewbatchofyoungwomenmembersoftheso-calledMillennialgenerationhasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.WordsandExpressionsplastervt.tocoverasurfaceoranobjectwithsomethingcompletelyorthickly到處張貼(CET-6;TEM-8)Shehasplasteredherbedroomwallswithpostersofpopsingers.WordsandExpressionsnuancen.asmalldifferenceinsound,feeling,appearance,ormeaning細微差別(CET-6;TEM-8)Actorshavetostudythenuancesoffacialexpressiontoshowthewholerangeofemotions.WordsandExpressionslegionn.alargegroupofsoldierswhoformonesectionofanarmy軍團(TEM-4)Caesar’slegionsmarchedthroughFranceandcrossedintoBritain.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1Thehistoricalandeconomicreasonsforthechangingmeaningsof“MadeinChina”.Para.2-4Favorablepolicyandenvironmentforboostingthe“craftsmanshipspirit”.Para.5-6ChallengesandproblemsofChineseluxurygoodsmakers.Para.7-11ExamplesofsomesuccessfulChineseluxurybrands.Para.12-14Theadvantagesofhomegrownluxurybrands.NotesonTextB1.Meanwhile,TheHongKong-basedluxuryfashionhouseShanghaiTangisdecipheringtheelusivecodeoftheChineseculturalheritagethroughtheuseoftheir“Metiersd’Art.”與此同時，總部位于香港的奢侈時尚品牌上海灘正在通過他們的“手工藝”破譯中國文化遺產(chǎn)中難以捉摸的密碼。NotesonTextB2.Infact,it’seasierforhomegrownluxuryplayerstobuildintuitivelyfromtheirownlocalculturethanitisforinternationalplayerstowalkatightropeofsorts:desperatelytryingtodistinguishtheirbrandinacrowdedmarketplacewhileappealingto—andnotoffending—localconsumers.事實上，本土奢侈品公司更容易憑直覺從本土文化中打造自己的品牌，而跨國公司在擁擠的市場中拼命地讓自己的品牌脫穎而出，就像走鋼絲，步步驚心，還要吸引，而不是冒犯本土消費者。DiscussionHowhasthemeaningof“MadeinChina”beenchanging?ExercisesI.Discussion

Thephrase“MadeinChina”,promulgatedthroughthesmallwhitestickersslappedonalmosteveryimaginableproduct,hasbeencontinuouslydefinedandredefined.Forpeoplelookingatconsumergoodswiththelabel“MadeinChina,”theymightassociateitwithlargefactory-plantsutilizingcheap,exploitablelabor,quicklychurningoutthousandsofmass-marketproducts.Inotherwords,theterm“MadeinChina”hassomehowbecomesynonymouswith“poorquality.”ExercisesI.DiscussionSince2015,theChinesegovernmenthasbeentryingtoreinventthistermwiththeir“MadeinChina2025”Campaign,whichisfocusedondevelopingChina’sdomestictechnologicalindustries,includingaerospaceandbiotechnology.Chinaisrapidlytakingalargermarketshareoftheworld’sbiggesttechcompanies,withHuaweileadingthepack.NewChineseproducts,whichincorporatesignificantinvestmentsofintellectualcapital,existinstarkcontrasttothephraseaswemightknowittoday.AndasChina’spositionintheadvancedindustrializedsectorsimproves,itmakessensethattheywouldwanttochangetheunpleasantimpressionsofChineseproductsandthephrase“MadeinChina.”Now,theworldmightsoonstarttorecognizeChinaand“MadeinChina”foradvancedapplicationsofartificialintelligenceandsmaller,morepowerfulsemiconductors.ExercisesII.ReadingComprehension

1-5CBAADChineseValuesChineseValues1.時代呼喚著我們，人民期待著我們，唯有矢志不渝、篤行不怠，方能不負時代、不負人民?！暯接?022年10月16日在中國共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國代表大會上的報告Thetimesarecallingus,andthepeopleexpectustodeliver.Onlybypressingaheadwith

unwaveringcommitmentandperseverancewillwebeabletoanswerthecallofourtimesandmeettheexpectationsofourpeople.—Reporttothe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaChineseValues2.明確中國特色社會主義事業(yè)總體布局是“五位一體”、戰(zhàn)略布局是“四個全面”，強調堅定道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信?！暯接?017年10月18日在中國共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國代表大會上的報告ItmakesclearthattheoverallplanforbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsis

thefive-sphereintegratedplan,andtheoverallstrategyisthefour-prongedcomprehensive

strategy.Ithighlightstheimportanceoffosteringstrongerconfidenceinthepath,theory,system,andcultureofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.—Reporttothe19thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaTHANKYOU!商務英語閱讀3UNIT4BUSINESS

LEADERSHIPLearningObjectivesLearnaboutleadershiptraits.Understandexpectationeffects,placeboeffectsandself-fulfillingprophecies.UnderstandthedifficultiesfacedbyfemaleCEOsandthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemaleCEOsintheirleadershipstyle.CONTENTS01.TextA02.

TextB03.ChineseValuesWhyDeceptionisProbablytheSingleMostImportantLeadershipSkillTextAWarmingup1.Doyouknowanygreatcorporateleaders?Whatdidtheydothatmakesthemgreat?2.Whatcanleadersdotomotivatetheirfollowers?3.Ifyourmanagerliestoyou,whatwouldyouthinkofhim/her?WordsandExpressionsdeceptionn.theactofdeceivingsomeoneorthestateofbeingdeceivedbysomeone欺騙;受騙(CET4;CET6)Headmittedconspiringtoobtainpropertyby

deception.WordsandExpressionsawashadj.Ifaplaceis

awash

with

something,itcontainsalargeamountofit.被充滿的(GRE)Thisisacompanythatisawashwithcash.WordsandExpressionscandor/candourn.thequalityofspeakinghonestlyandopenlyaboutthings坦率;直言不諱(GRE;SAT)Hecoveredawiderangeoftopicswithunusualcandor.WordsandExpressionsfictitiousadj.afictitiouscharacter,thing,oreventoccursinastory,play,orfilmbutneverreallyexistedorhappened虛構的(TOFEL;GRE;SAT)Thepersonsandeventsportrayedinthisproductionarefictitious.WordsandExpressionsspurtn.Aspurtofactivity,effort,oremotionisasudden,briefperiodofintenseactivity,effort,oremotion.迸發(fā)(GRE)Theaverageboyof14yearsoldisonlybeginninghisadolescentgrowthspurt.WordsandExpressionsbogusadj.Ifyoudescribesomethingasbogus,youmeanthatitisnotgenuine.假的，偽造的(GRE)Hesaidthesefigureswerebogusandtotallyinaccurate.WordsandExpressionsplacebon.asubstancethathasnophysicaleffects,giventopatientswhodonotneedmedicinebutthinkthattheydo,orusedwhentestingnewdrugs安慰劑，安慰藥(IELTS;GRE)Doesendowmentinsurancereallymattertoeveryone?Orisitjustaplacebo?WordsandExpressionsrunn.Ifthereisarunonsomething,alotofpeoplewanttobuyitorgetitatthesametime.搶購;爭先獲取(CET4;CET6)Iftherunpersisted,cashreserveswouldbeexhausted.WordsandExpressionsprevaricatevt.Ifyouprevaricate,youavoidgivingadirectanswerormakingafirmdecision.支吾搪塞;閃爍其詞；吞吞吐吐(GRE;SAT)Britishministerscontinuedtoprevaricate.WordsandExpressionsprophecyn.astatementinwhichsomeonesaystheystronglybelievethataparticularthingwillhappen預言(GRE)Hisprophecyhasnowcometrue.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-2TraditionalviewsonsomeleadershiptraitsPara.3-7ExpectationEffectsPara.8-11PlaceboEffectsPara.12-17Self-fulfillingPropheciesPara.18ConclusionNotesonTextA1.Thekumbayanatureofleadershipadviceshowsthrough.各種關于領導力的看法都具有片面性。Kumbaya，歌名，意為“到這里來吧”，該表達源于美國南部非裔美國人民謠，這首歌最初頌揚人類及精神的團結，后多用來諷刺錯誤的道德說教和虛偽等。NotesonTextA2.About50yearsago,aHarvardsocialpsychologistandaSanFranciscoschoolprincipalstudiedPygmalioneffectsintheclassroom.約50年前，一位哈佛大學社會心理學家和一位舊金山學校校長共同在校園里研究了“皮格馬利翁效應”。Pygmalioneffects指“皮格馬利翁效應”，又稱羅森塔爾效應或期待效應，指人們基于對某種情境的知覺而形成的期望或預言，進而使該情境產(chǎn)生適應這一期望或預言的效應。NotesonTextA3.Orperhapsdoctorswanttoimprovetreatmentoutcomesbytappingintotheplaceboeffect.或許醫(yī)生們想要利用安慰劑效應來提升治療效果。placeboeffect表示“安慰劑效應”，又名假藥效應，指病人雖然獲得無效的治療，但卻“預料”或“相信”治療有效，而讓病患癥狀得到舒緩的現(xiàn)象。NotesonTextA4.Sometimes,asIntelco-founderandformerCEOAndyGroveoncetoldaHarvardBusinessSchoolconferenceintheSanFranciscoBayArea,thisrequiresleaderstodisplayconfidencethattheymaynotfeelandtoactasiftheyknowwhattheyaredoingeveniftheydon’t.有時，就像英特爾聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼前首席執(zhí)行官AndyGrove在舊金山灣區(qū)召開的哈佛商學院會議上所說的那樣，領導者們即便不自信，也要裝作信心十足，即便迷茫，也要裝作心中有數(shù)。Intel,英特爾公司，成立于1968年，總部位于美國加州圣克拉拉，創(chuàng)始人為羅伯特·諾伊斯、戈登·摩爾、安迪·格魯夫，是全球最大的半導體芯片制造商。DiscussionWhatarethequalitiesthatmakeagoodleader?1.Iamnotafraidofanarmyoflionsledbyasheep;Iamafraidofanarmyofsheepledbyalion.–AlexandertheGreat2.Agoodleaderisapersonwhotakesalittlemorethanhisshareoftheblameandalittlelessthanhisshareofthecredit.–JohnMaxwell3.Goodleadersmustfirstbecomegoodservants.–RobertGreenleaf

InInterviews,FemaleCEOsSayTheyDon’tExpectMuchSupport—atHomeoratWorkTextBWordsandExpressionsembarkon

tostarttodosomethingnewordifficult從事，開始He’sembarkingonanewcareerasawriter.WordsandExpressionsassignmentn.ataskorpieceofworkthatsomebodyisgiventodo,usuallyaspartoftheirjoborstudies工作，任務(CET4;CET6)Hehasjustcomeoffadifficultassignment.WordsandExpressionsspilloverintotostartinoneareaandthenaffectotherareas波及

Unresthasspiltoverintoareasoutsidethecity.WordsandExpressionsconfrontv.todealwithaproblemordifficultsituation處理，解決(CET4;CET6)Shewasconfrontedwithseveremoneyproblems.WordsandExpressionstrade-offn.theactofbalancingtwothingsthatyouneedorwantbutwhichareopposedtoeachother權衡，協(xié)調Thereisatrade-offbetweenthebenefitsofthedrugandtheriskofsideeffects.WordsandExpressionsmasculineadj.havingthequalitiesorappearanceconsideredtobetypicalofmen男子漢的，男人的(CET6)Hewashandsomeandstrong,andverymasculine.WordsandExpressionsinsurmountableadj.thatcannotbedealtwithsuccessfully無法克服的，難以解決的(GRE)Thecrisisdoesn’tseemlikeaninsurmountableproblem.WordsandExpressionsfretabouttobeworriedorunhappyandnotabletorelax苦惱；煩躁；焦慮不安Urbanplannersmayfretabouttrafficandpollution.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-2IntroductionofthestudyonCEOsPara.3-5OwnyourambitionPara.6-10Don’twaittobeaskedPara.11-13TakechargeofyourpersonalandprofessionallifePara.14-15Focusonthelong-termgoalPara.16-19Embraceawell-roundedleadershipstyleNotesonTextB1.

Organizationscansupportthislong-termoutlookbychangingHRpolicies,supportmechanisms,andleadershipdevelopmentpracticestoallowwomenthespaceandtimetomanageraisingafamilyandcreatingwaysforwomentoremainengagedintheprofessionalandsociallifeoftheworkplace,evenwhileformallyonareducedworkloadorleave.組織可以通過改變人力資源政策、支持機制和領導力發(fā)展實踐來促成這一長期遠景，讓女性有足夠的空間和時間來照顧家庭，即便是在工作量正式減少或休假的情況下，也要想辦法讓她們在工作場所繼續(xù)參與職業(yè)和社交生活。HR,全稱Human

Resources,指人力資源部，主要負責公司員工選拔、任用、培養(yǎng)、考核、獎懲等工作；此外，HR也常用來指代從事人力資源相關工作的人或公司的人事招聘官。NotesonTextB2.Embraceawell-roundedleadershipstyle.采用多樣化的領導風格。leadershipstyle即領導風格，指組織中上級管理、引導和激勵下級的方式和風格。常見的領導風格有獨裁式、權威式、設節(jié)奏式、民主式、教練式、附屬式和放任式等。DiscussionInLeadership:TheoryandPractice,theauthorNorthousenotesthatwomenonlymakeup8.1%ofFortune500CEOandattributedthistoglassceiling,theinvisiblebarrierpreventingwomenfromascendingintoeliteleadershippositions.1.

Whydoglassceilingsexistforwomen?2.

Howcanwomenbreakthroughtheglassceilings?Key

to

ExercisesKey

to

ExercisesTEXT

A

I.

ReadingComprehension:

1-5BDCCAII.

VocabularyA.Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhichofthefourmeaningsbeloweachsentenceisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.1-5DCBDB6-10DCAADB.Choosethebestexpressionfromthelistgivenforeachblank.Useeachexpressiononlyonceandmakeproperchangeswherenecessary.1.ThedirectorwantsthesongsintheBroadwayversiontobeidenticaltothesongsinthefilm.2.Heattemptedtosavetheenterprisewhichwasonthevergeofcollapsebutfailed.3.Thecountryusesitsbudgetsurplusestopayoffgovernmentdebtandtofunditspublicpensionscheme.4.It’saself-fulfillingprophecytradersgetscaredsosharepricesfallbecauseofthem.Key

to

Exercises5.Awaterylightbegantoshowthroughthebranches.6.EmployeeappointmenttotheCouncilwillbesubjecttoatermofprobationof6months.7.TheCampbellSoupCompanysaysitwilltrytotapintoJapan’sricemarket.8.Wealsowonderwhethertheplaceboeffectwasafactor;shewassoconvincedthedietwouldworkthatthepsychologicaldriveproducedphysicalresults.9.Frenchlawmakersvotedinfavorofa“YouTubetax”thatwouldapplya2%levyonallstreamingvideo.10.ThePygmalioneffectisifIbelieveyouhaveacertaincharacteristicthismightcauseyoutobehaveasifyouhavethatcharacteristic.Key

to

ExercisesIII.Cloze(1)

against(2)

baffles(3)

characteristic(4)

while(5)

boardroom(6)

empowerment(7)

necessarily(8)

encouraging(9)

defeat(10)

becauseIV.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.另一方面，如果告訴一些人他們會成功，他們將投入更多的時間和精力，因為他們認為付出就有收獲。2.醫(yī)學界一個類似的現(xiàn)象是安慰劑效應，一些認為自己在接受藥物或其他治療的人會有較大的反應，因為他們認為治療很有效。3.安慰劑效應和期待效應都是自我實現(xiàn)的預言的例子，自我實現(xiàn)的預言指起初有誤的某種觀點，因為促成了人們的相應行為，進而變成了正確的觀點。Key

to

Exercises4.以另人信服的方式展現(xiàn)自信的領導人能獲得更多的支持，進而這種自信也從一種姿態(tài)變成了現(xiàn)實。因為人們認為該公司會成功并且基于這種看法行事，該公司也就真的成功了。5.正如我和BobSutton合作編寫的一本書中所引用的話一樣，Grove認為公司領導們應巧用欺騙為成功創(chuàng)造條件?！斑@其中有自律也有欺騙。”Key

to

ExercisesV.Discussion1.Thelionisthekingofthejungleandafearlessanimalatthetopofthefoodchain.Showingstrongleadership,Lionleadersareassertive,determinedandpassionate.Theyhaveamindoftheirownandarenoteasilyinfluencedbyothers.Incontrast,sheeparemeek,timidandeasilyinfluencedinbyothers(e.g.ashepherd).Soteamswithstrongleadershiparemorelikelytosucceedthanthosewithweakleadership.Thisquoteshowstheimportanceof