倫敦塔橋中英文簡(jiǎn)介

TowerBridge

2021/6/2712021/6/2722021/6/2732021/6/2742021/6/2752021/6/2762021/6/2772021/6/2782021/6/279TowerBridge

(built1886–1894)isacombined

bascule

and

suspensionbridge

in

London,Englandwhichcrossesthe

RiverThames.Itisclosetothe

TowerofLondon,fromwhichittakesitsname,andhasbecomean

iconicsymbol

ofLondon.塔橋（內(nèi)置1886–1894）是倫敦的一個(gè)組合式結(jié)構(gòu)，懸索橋，英格蘭橫跨泰晤士河。它靠近倫敦塔而得名，并已成為倫敦的一個(gè)標(biāo)志性的符號(hào)。2021/6/2710Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,increasedcommercialdevelopmentintheEastEndofLondonledtoarequirementforanewrivercrossingdownstreamofLondonBridge.Atraditionalfixedbridgecouldnotbebuiltbecauseitwouldcutoffaccessbytall-mastedshipstotheportfacilitiesinthePoolofLondon,betweenLondonBridgeandtheTowerofLondon.History19世紀(jì)下半葉，隨著倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展城市東部越來越緊要地需要一座橫跨泰晤士河的橋梁。但這座橋不能是傳統(tǒng)的橋，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)的碼頭位于倫敦橋和倫敦塔之間，假如新橋太低的話船就無法開到碼頭了。2021/6/2711ASpecialBridgeorSubwayCommitteewasformedin1877,chairedbySirAlbertJosephAltman,tofindasolutiontotherivercrossingproblem.Itopenedthedesignofthecrossingtopubliccompetition.Over50designsweresubmitted,includingonefromcivilengineerSirJosephBazalgette.Theevaluationofthedesignswassurroundedbycontroversy,anditwasnotuntil1884thatadesignsubmittedbySirHoraceJones,theCityArchitect(whowasalsooneofthejudges),[3]wasapproved.2021/6/27121876年一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)成立來討論這個(gè)過河問題的解決方案。它開始了一個(gè)方案設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽，一共收到了50個(gè)不同的方案。但此后的討論卻拖延了許多時(shí)間和導(dǎo)致了很多激烈的辯論，最后這個(gè)委員會(huì)于1884年決定采用霍拉斯·瓊斯的方案?；衾埂き偹贡救艘彩窃u(píng)審委員會(huì)的一員2021/6/2713Jones'engineer,SirJohnWolfeBarry,devisedtheideaofabasculebridgewithtwobridgetowersbuiltonpiers.Thecentralspanwassplitintotwoequalbasculesorleaves,whichcouldberaisedtoallowrivertraffictopass.Thetwoside-spansweresuspensionbridges,withthesuspensionrodsanchoredbothattheabutmentsandthroughrodscontainedwithinthebridge'supperwalkways2021/6/2714瓊斯的設(shè)計(jì)是一座244米長(zhǎng)的開啟橋，橋有兩個(gè)橋塔，每個(gè)塔高65米。橋的中部長(zhǎng)61米，分為上下2層。上層高而窄，可作為人行道。下層是主通道，分為兩扇橋段，每扇可以豎起到83度來讓河流交通通過。這兩扇橋段各重上千噸，它們的軸位于它們的重心上來減小它們起升時(shí)所需要的力，它們可以在一分鐘內(nèi)升起。一開始這個(gè)升降裝置是液壓的，為此它有六個(gè)水庫來產(chǎn)生高壓水。蒸汽機(jī)把水從水庫泵入液壓裝置。今天橋是用電動(dòng)機(jī)來升降的，但過去的蒸汽機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)依然保留可供參觀2021/6/2715Constructionstartedin1887andtookeightyearswithfivemajorcontractorsandemployed432constructionworkers.EWCrutwellwastheresidentengineerfortheconstruction.Construction1886年倫敦塔橋開建，建造共歷時(shí)8年，5個(gè)主要建筑公司和共432建筑工人參與工程2021/6/2716Twomassivepiers,containingover70,000tonsofconcrete,weresunkintotheriverbedtosupporttheconstruction.Over11,000tonsofsteelprovidedtheframeworkforthetowersandwalkways.ThiswasthencladinCornishgraniteandPortlandstone,bothtoprotecttheunderlyingsteelworkandtogivethebridgeapleasingappearance兩座堅(jiān)固的橋墩共使用了70,000噸水泥，橋塔和橋身共用了1.1萬噸鋼鐵。橋塔和橋身的鋼鐵骨架外鋪設(shè)花崗巖和波特蘭石來保護(hù)骨架和增加美觀2021/6/2717Nowvisitorscanwalkthroughinthetowerbridge,notbecharged.Visitthetowerbridgefromthenorthsideofthebridgetaketheelevatorup,watchingthebridgeforstructuralengineering,andthenfromthebridgeathighchannelacrosstheThames,riverThamesandenjoyonbothsidesofthebeautifulsce