2024年-上海交通大學-C-語言程序設計期末考試

下載后可任意編輯C++Examination:Wednesday1stDecember2024《C++語言程序設計考題》(5marks)Whatisthebinaryvalueofthedecimal7?（10進制中的7表示為二進制，結果為多少）Whatisthehexadecimalvalueofthedecimal16?（10進制中的16表示為16進制，結果為多少）Whatisthebinaryvalue00110101asadecimal?(二進制數00110101對應的十進制是多少)Whatisthevalueofthebinarysum00101+00011?(兩個二進制數00101和00011相加的結果是多少)（注意：結果用二進制表示）Whatisthevalueofthehexadecimalmultiplication2x10?（十六進制數2和10相乘的結果是多少）（注意：結果用十六進制表示）(5marks)UsingtheASCIItablebelow,whatisthevalueofthehexadecimalsequence“432B2B204578616D21”?根據下面的ASCII碼表，寫出十六進制序列“432B2B204578616D21”2030040@50P60`70p21!31141A51Q61a71q22"32242B52R62b72r23#33343C53S63c73s24$34444D54T64d74t25%35545E55U65e75u26&36646F56V66f76v27'37747G57W67g77w28(38848H58X68h78x29)39949I59Y69i79y2A*3A:4AJ5AZ6Aj7Az2B+3B;4BK5B[6Bk7B{2C,3C<4CL5C\6Cl7C|2D-3D=4DM5D]6Dm7D}2E.3E>4EN5E^6En7E~2F/3F?4FO5F_6Fo7F(8marks)Whatistheoutputfromeachofthefollowingfourprograms?下面四個程序對應的輸出分別是什么？#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;voidfn();intmain(){ inta=7; fn(); cout<<a; return0;}voidfn(){ staticintb=8; b++;}#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;voidfn(int);intmain(){ fn(8); return0;}voidfn(inta){ cout<<a+1<<endl;}#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;voidfn(int*);intmain(){ inta=7; fn(&a); cout<<a<<endl; return0;}voidfn(int*b){ (*b)++;}#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;inta;voidfn();intmain(){ a=7; fn(); cout<<a<endl; return0;}voidfn(){ a++;}(2marks)Whatvaluedoesthefollowingprogramreturntotheoperatingsystem?下面程序返回給操作系統(tǒng)的值是什么？#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intfn(int);intmain(){ intx=fn(7); return0;}intfn(inta){ returna++;}(5marks)Whatcodecanbeinsertedasline2ofthefollowingprogramtoallowittocompileandoperatecorrectly?在下面程序第二行加入什么代碼才能使得程序編譯和運行正確？#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){ strings="HelloWorld!"; cout<<s; return0;}(5marks)Whatistheexactoutputofthefollowingprogram?下面程序的精確輸出是什么？#include<iostream>#include<vector>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){ intinit[]={2,4,6,8,10}; vector<int>v(init,init+5); cout<<"Thevectoris:"; for(inti=1;i<v.size();i++) cout<<v[i]<<""; cout<<endl; return0;}(5marks)Whatistheexactoutputofthefollowingprogram?下面程序的精確輸出是什么？#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){ inta=2; a++; cout<<"Thenumberis:"; switch(a) { case1: cout<<"one"; case2: cout<<"two"; case3: cout<<"three"; case4: cout<<"four"; case5: cout<<"five"; default: cout<<"?"; } cout<<endl; return0;}(10marks)Thefirsttwolinesoutputbythefollowingprogramare“4”and“0012FF6C”下面程序的前兩行輸出為4和0012FF6C，程序中接下來其它行的輸出是什么？#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){ inta[]={2,4,6,8,10}; cout<<sizeof(a[1])<<endl <<&a[0]<<endl <<sizeof(a)<<endl <<a[3]<<endl <<&a[1]<<endl <<*(a+2)<<endl <<a<<endl; return0;}(5marks)Thefollowingfailstocompilewiththecompileroutputbelow.Whatcouldyouinsertasline4toallowtheprogramtocompileandoperatecorrectly?下面程序編譯時輸出的錯誤信息如下所示，請問在第4行加入什么語句才能使得程序編譯和運行正確#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){cout<<twice(7)<<endl;return0;}inttwice(inta){ return2*a;}Compiling...exam.cppexam.cpp(8):errorC2065:'twice':undeclaredidentifierexam.cpp(13):errorC2373:'twice':redefinition;differenttypemodifiersErrorexecutingcl.exe.Creatingbrowseinfofile...exam.exe-2error(s),0warning(s)(10marks)ThethreemainmethodsofindicatinganerrorinafunctionareReturnaspecialvalue(e.g.–1foranerror)Returntrueforsuccess,falseforanerror.Returndataviaapointervariable.ThrowanexceptionShowanexampleofacompletefunctionandanexampleofhowitmightbecalledforeachofthesethreemethods.用來指出一個函數中錯誤的三種主要方法是：1．返回一個特別的值（比如說錯誤時返回－1）。2．成功時返回真，錯誤時返回假，并且通過指針變量返回數據。3．陷入異常處理機制。請給出一個完整的函數和一個程序實例用以說明上述三種情況下函數分別是如何被調用的。(5marks)Whatarethemainusesofaconstructorfunction?構造函數的主要功能是什么？(5marks)GiveatleastthreeareaswheretheC++languageimprovesontheClanguage.請至少給出三個C++語言優(yōu)于C語言的方面(5marks)Whatisthepurposeofthestatement“usingnamespacestd;”inaprogram?在程序中加入語句“usingnamespacestd;”的作用是什么？(5marks)Forthestudentmarkscasestudy(AppendixA),whatwouldbetheexactcontentsofthefile“out.txt”ifthecurrentmainfunctionwerereplacedwiththisone?根據附件A中提供的學生課程成績處理程序，假如把主程序改成如下形式，在文件“out.txt”中的輸出結果是什么？intmain(){universitycdut;student*ss=cdut.add_student(2468,"Ross");s=cdut.add_student(1012,"Noel");ofstreamfout("out.txt");cdut.print(fout);s2->print(fout);fout.close();return0;}(10marks)Thefollowingclassextendsthestudentclasstostoreinformationaboutpostgraduatestudents.Inadditiontotheinformationstoredaboutregularstudentspostgraduatealsostorethetitleofathesisandthenameoftheirsupervisor.Howshouldthenumberedblanksbereplaced?下面的類是從學生類擴展而來，用來保存討論生的信息的。（討論生類）除了擁有普通學生的信息之外，還要保存他們論文的題目以及導師的姓名。請問在標有數字的空格部分該用什么語句替換才能實現這些功能？classpostgraduate:___(1)______(2)___{___(3)___ ___(4)___(int,string,string,string); ___(5)___get_thesis(); stringget_supervisor(); voidprint(ostreamout=cout);private: stringthesis; stringsupervisor;}postgraduate::postgraduate(int_id,string_name,string_super,string_thes){ if(___(6)___<0)throw("idmustbepositive"); name=_name;