遼寧省葫蘆島協(xié)作體2025屆高考沖刺模擬英語試題含解析

遼寧省葫蘆島協(xié)作體2025屆高考沖刺模擬英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Theclimateconferencewasattendedby11,000people,itthelargestUNgatheringeverheld.A．making B．tomake C．made D．tobemaking2．Markdriveshiscartoofastand,what’smore,verycarelessly,worrieshismother.AasA．what B．it C．which3．Insteadofmakingchoicesfortheirchildren,liberalparentsusuallysay,“Gowhereyou________.”A．will B．shouldC．can D．must4．Peterson,agreatarchaeologist,said:“Archaeologistshavebeenextremelypatientbecausewewereledtobelievethattheministrywas________thisproblem,butwefeelthatwecan'twaitanylonger.”A．lookingout B．bringingout C．carryingout D．sortingout5．________yourblog,Iwouldhavewrittenbacktwodaysago.A．IfIread B．ShouldIreadC．HadIread D．IfIcouldhaveread6．ThePalaceofVersailles,France’snationaltreasure,has________manychangesinitscentury-longhistorywhilekeepingitsbeauty.A．gonethroughB．takenonC．ledtoD．showedoff7．IfKatehadknownwhatwas_______forher,shewouldnothavemarriedTom.A．inresponse B．inreturnC．inreaction D．instore8．AninternationalteamofastronomersannouncedWednesdaythatthey________thefirst-everimageofablackhole.A．havecaptured B．werecapturingC．hadcaptured D．wouldcapture9．Bythetimewe________fromourschool,wehavebeenclosefriendsformorethantenyears.A．graduated B．willgraduateC．a(chǎn)regraduating D．graduate10．Itwasonlyafterafamilyrelatedconversation______________Ifoundoutshewasactuallymydistantcousin.A．when B．thatC．which D．who11．Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe______illandherparentssuggestedthatshe______amedicalexam.A．be;shouldhave B．was;haveC．shouldbe;had D．was;had12．—Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?—Yes，Idid.Youknow，mybrother________inthematch.A．isplayingB．wasplayingC．hasplayedD．hadplayed13．Whatapity!________joinedintheparty,Iwouldhavemetmyoldfriend． A．lfIhave B．HadI C．Ihad D．HaveI14．Iwouldn’thavemissedthetrainifI______upearlier.A．got B．hadgot C．willget D．havegot15．TrumpsaidhebelievesNorthKoreawill________itspromisetosuspendmissiletestswhilehepreparesforasummitwithKimJongUn.A．taketoB．makeupC．standbyD．holdout16．Eversincethenewparkwasopenedtothepubliclastmonth,I______awalkiniteverymorning.A．a(chǎn)mtaking B．takeC．havetaken D．havebeentaking17．Policehavefound________appearstobethelostancientstatue.A．which B．where C．how D．what18．--Canyousparemeafewminutesnow?--______,butI’llbefreethisafternoon.A．I’mafraidnot B．I’mnotsureC．Yes,withpleasure D．No,Iwon’t19．TheartistissaidduringtheproductionandthusapiratedvideowassoldineverypartofKenya.A．tobecheated B．beingcheatedC．tohavebeencheated D．havingbeencheated20．Wemust______thetimethatyou’vewastedthisafternoonbyworkinglateto-night.A．makeupfor B．makeout C．doup D．makeupto第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）Inthird-worldcountriessuchasSwazilandandHaiti,a$15-dollarinventionismakingaworldofdifference.Nokero,acompanystartedbyBrianRants,sellslampsthatdonotrequirekerosene(蓖麻油).Thesesolarlampshavebecomeastaple(主流產(chǎn)品)incountriesinAfrica,toprovidelightforreadingandsafetyatnight.Nokcrohassoldover500,000lampsinover120countriessinceitwasfirstfoundedin2010andRantsthinksthedemandforhisproductwillonlycontinuetoincrease.Mostlampsfoundinthird-worldcountriescurrentlyrequirekerosenetorun.butkerosenecausesindoorpollutionandhasbeenlinkedtofiresthathavecausedoveramilliondeaths.Insteadofexperiencingtheeffectsofsmoking40cigarettesadayfromkerosenelamps,Rantsthinkshissolarlampscouldbetheanswerforthird-worldcountries.TheEconomistagrees,callingsolarlights“thenextbiginnovationfortheworld’spoor”.Nokero’ssolarlampsarehigherinqualityandlessexpensivethanalotofsolartechnology,makingthemapracticaloptionformanypeopleinthirdworldcountries.Ratherthangivingsolarlampstoindividualsinneed.Nokero’smissionistomakethemaffordable.ThroughresearchRantshasrealizedthatindividualswhobuyasolarproducttakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyhadreceiveditforfree.FamilieswhobuyNokero’ssolarlampsmakeupthecostinjustafewmonthsofnothavingtobuykeroseneorpayforoff-the-gridelectricity.SomeactivistshaveattackedcompaniessuchasNokeroforsellingproductstothepoorratherthansimplygivingthemoutforfree.Theyarguethatthesecompaniesunfairlyprofitoffthepoor.However,Rantsdisagrees.Familiesreceiveaproductthatismuchhigherinqualitythanwhattheymightreceiveforfreeandfeelasenseofownershiphavingpurchaseditforthemselves.1、Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarlampsinthepassage?A．Theysaveenergyandcausenopollution.B．Theyequaltheeffectof40cigarettesaday.C．Theyaregiventotheindividualsfreeofcharge.D．Theyhelptosavekeroseneinthird-worldcountries.2、AccordingtoRants,ifthepoorarcgiventhelampsforfree,they.A．willhavetopayforkeroseneorelectricityB．willnottakegoodcareorvaluethelampsC．willfeelasenseofownershipofthelampsD．won’thelptoincreasethesalesofthelamps3、Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Aninnovationoftheworld.B．Advantagesofthesolarlights.C．Solutiontoworld’spovertyproblems.D．Heavypollutioncausedbykerosenelamps.4、WhichworddescribesBrianRants?A．Honest.B．Thoughtful.C．Charitable.D．Greedy.22．（8分）In2013aloneatleast20,000Africanelephantswerekilledfortheirteeth.InSouthAfricaoverthelasttwoyearsmorethan2,200rhinoswerekilledfortheirhorns.Thesenumbersarealarming,becausecurrentratesofillegalhuntingarefasterthanbirthrates,whichcouldleadtoextinctionfortheseecologicallyimportantcreaturesintheirenvironment.Indeed,someelephantandrhinopopulationsareontracktobelocallyextinctwithinthenextdecade.Ifyouarereadingthis,youmayalreadybeawareofthesefacts.Butyoumightnotknowthatwildlifetrafficking(走私)notonlythreatenstheexistenceofelephantsandrhinosbutisalsoleadingtoextinctionofotherspecies,suchastigers,tortoises,seaturtles—andtheworld’smosttraffickedmammal—pangolins(穿山甲).Pangolinsaretheonlymammalsthatareentirelycoveredintoughscales(鱗)，whichmakesthemlookverystrong.Butactuallytheyareendangeredmammals.Thereareeightdifferentspeciesofpangolins,fourinAsiaandfourinAfrica,andallarethreatenedwithextinction.Althoughpangolinsareprotectedthroughoutmostofthecountrieswheretheylive,highdemandinEastAsia,wherethedeliciouspangolinmeatisconsideredadelicacyandwheretheirscalesareusedintraditionalmedicines,isdrivinganillegaltradeinbothliveanimalsandpangolinparts.Thenumberofpangolintraffickingisshocking.Expertsbelievethatoverthelast10yearsmorethan1millionpangolinsweretakenfromthewild.Itisestimatedthatbetween40,000and81,250pangolinswerekilledfortheillegaltradein2013alone.InFebruary,theUnitedStatesreleasedaplantodealwithwildlifetrafficking,whichlaysoutthestepswewilltaketofighttheillegaltradeinwildlife,includingpangolins.Wearestrengtheningthecarryingoutoftheplan;buildinginternationalcooperationandcontributiontoprotectwildlife;raisingawarenesstodrivedownthedemandthatisfuelingtheillegaltrade.GetinvolvedandrememberWorldWildlifeDay(March3)byspreadingtheplan.Usesocialmediaandtelleveryonethatnowisthetimetogetseriousaboutwildlifecrimeandendthedemandthatthreatensspecies,bigandsmall,fromthehugeelephanttotheshypangolin.1、Howmanyendangeredcreaturesarementionedinthepassage?A．4.B．5.C．6.D．7.2、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Eightspeciesofpangolinsliveonthesamecontinent.B．Pangolinsarenotprotectedinmostoftheirnaturalhabitats.C．Thescalesofpangolinscanbeusedasaningredientforcooking.D．HighdemandcontributestotheillegaltradeofpangolinsinEastAsia.3、WhatcanweknowabouttheplanreleasedbytheUS?A．SocialmediawillbeusedtospreadWorldWildlifeDay.B．Whethertheplanwillbeworkedoutremainstobeseen.C．ThedemandleadingtotheillegaltradeinEastAsiaistobebroughtdown.D．TheUSwillworktogetherwithothercountriestoprotectwildlife.4、Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthepassage?A．ToinformussomethingaboutWorldWildlifeDay.B．Toraiseawarenessofprotectingendangeredwildlife.C．ToexplainwhypangolinsareillegallytradedinEastAsia.D．ToshowhowtheUnitedStatesistofighttheillegaltradeinwildlife.23．（8分）TheWorld’sLargestLibrariesBritishLibrary(UnitedKingdom，London)TheBritishLibrarywascreatedbyActofParliamentin1972；previously，thelibraryhadbeenpartoftheBritishMuseum，wherethefamouscircularreadingroomhadaccommodatedresearchersincludingKarlMarx，whoworkedon‘DasKapital’there，aswellasOscarWideandMahatmaGandhi．TheBritishLibraryisnowhousedinanewbuildinginSt．Pancras，London，whereitstreasuresincludetwoGutenbergbibles，theLindisfarneGospelsandoneofLeonardodaVmci’snotebooks．LibraryofCongress(UnitedStates，Washington，D．C．)Foundedin1800withtheprivatecollectionofThomasJefferson，theLibraryofCongressisineffecttheUSA’sNationalLibrary．ItreceivestwocopiesofeverythingpublishedintheUnitedStates．TheLibraryofCongresswagburnedbytheBritishArmyin1812，andseverelydamagedbyfireagainin1851．Thecollectionincludesmanyrarebooks，drawingsandtwoStradivariusviolins．NewYorkPublicLibraryTheNewYorkPublicLibrarydevelopedgraduallyinthenineteenthcenturyfromthemergerandacquisition(收購兼并)ofanumberofpublicandprivatecollections；ithasmanybranchesindifferentdistrictsofNewYorkCity．Itremainsastructurewhichcombinespublicandprivatefinanceandgovernance．TreasuresheldatthelibraryincludeaGutenbergBible．RussianStateLibrary(Moscow)Foundedin1862astheMoscowpubliclibraryandmuseum，thiscollectionbecametheStateLibraryin1925．InconsequenceitreceivescopiesofallRussianpublications，andalsoholdslargecollectionsofmaps，journals，musicscoresandrecordings．ItspossessionsincludetheArchangelGospel，acodexintheSlavoniclanguagedatingfrom1092．1、Whichlibrarymetwithtwobiglossesinhistory?A．BritishLibrary． B．LibraryofCongress．C．NewYorkPublicLibrary． D．RussianStateLibrary．2、WhatcanwefindintheRussianStateLibrary?A．LindisfameGospels． B．Stradivariusviolins．C．AGutenbergBible． D．TheArchangelGospel．3、Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．KarlMarxandOscarWideworkedaslibrariansintheBritishLibrary．B．TheLibraryofCongressreceivestwocopiesofallpublicationsinRussia．C．TheNewYorkPublicLibraryissupportedbystateandpersonaldonation．D．TheRussianStateLibrarypossessesaGutenbergBibleinSlavonic．24．（8分）Everfeellikeyou’vebeenhitontheheadafterabadnight’ssleep?Accordingtoscientists,thethoughtisn’tasunbelievableasitseems.Astudyfoundgoingwithoutsleepforjustonenightcauseschangesinthebrainsimilartothosethathappenafterablowtothehead.Theresearcherssaidthehealthyyoungmenexaminedinthestudyshowedasuddenriseinthesamechemicalswhichindicate(表明)braindamage.ProfessorChristianBenedict,ofUppsalaUniversity,Sweden,explainedthatthechemicalsNSEandS-100Barebiomarkers(生物指標(biāo))forbraindamage,suchasconcussion(腦震蕩).Hesaid,“Whatwefoundwastheirlevelsinthebloodroseinthegroupthatwentwithoutsleepforanight.Thiswasnottothedegreethatwouldhappenafteraheadinjury,forexample,butitwasstillworthpayingattentionto.Duringsleep,thebraincleansitselfofpoisonoussubstances.”Hesaidthefindingssupporttheprevious(以前的)researchshowinghowthebrainmakesuseofsleeptocleanitself.ProfessorBenedictalsosaidhisstudycouldsupportpreviousstudieswhichlinkedalackofsleepwithincreasedriskofAlzheimer’sandParkinson’sdiseases.Theriseofthechemicalsinthebloodaftersleeplossmaysuggestnotgettingenoughsleepleadstoalossofbraintissue,heexplained.ProfessorBenedict,whosestudyispublishedinthejournalSleep,added,“Inconclusion,thefindingsofourtrialindicateagoodnight’ssleepmaybeveryimportantforkeepingbrainhealth.”AthirdoftheUKpopulationsufferfromsleep-relatedproblems,whiletheaveragepersonnowsleepsforonlysevenhoursanight,comparedwithalmostnineafewdecadesago.Manyscientistsbelieveirregularsleepingpatternsleadtoillnessesrangingfromachesandpainstoheartdisease,whilelessthaneighthours’sleepanightcanlowertheIQthenextday.1、Ifyoudon’tsleepforanight,whatwillhappen?A．TherewillbeariseinthechemicalsNSEandS-100BB．ThechemicalsNSEandS-100BwilldroptoalowerlevelC．SomeofthechemicalsNSEandS-100BwillchangeintoothermattersD．ThechemicalsNSEandS-100Bwillbelessabletogetridofpoisonousmatters2、Whatisthepreviousstudymainlyaboutaccordingtothepassage?A．ThewaytoavoidbraindamageB．ThewaystoimprovethequalityofsleepC．Thewaysthathaveeffectonpeople’ssleepD．Thewaythebrainusessleeptocleanitself3、Wecanweinferfromthelastparagraphthat.A．man’sintelligenceisaffectedbysleepinawayB．peoplewhoneedmoresleephaveahigherIQC．onefourthoftheUKpopulationhavesleep-relatedproblemsD．modernpeopleneedlesssleepthanthoseafewdecadesago4、What’sisthethemeofthepassage?A．Eighthours’sleepisimportantB．HowhumanbrainsworkduringsleepC．SleeplossisclosetoablowtotheheadD．Regularsleepingpatternsimprovehealth25．（10分）Whengoingthroughmajorlifechanges,likechangingcareers,IwouldchangethepeoplewithwhomIspentthemosttime.We’veallgonethroughperiodswhenthepeopleinourliveshavechanged—graduation,movingtoanewcity,gettinganewjob,joininganewclub,etc.Idon’tthinkIneedtoconvinceyoujusthowmuchinfluenceotherpeoplecanhaveoveryouridentity.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedamajorswitchinyourpeopleenvironment,thenyouknowthatyouchangeaswell.Mostpeopledon’tmakethesechoicesconsciouslythough.Youmightconsciouslydecidetospendmoretimewithacertainfriend,oryoumayasksomeoneoutonadatetobeginanewrelationship.Butfewpeoplechoosetheirexistingfriendshipsdeliberately.There’sno“gettingridofpeople”.Peoplearealwaysdroppingintoandoutofeachother’slives.Associationsgrowintofriendships,andfriendshipsfadeintoassociations.Youdon’tgetridofanyone.Thetruthisthatinordertomakeroomfornewpeopleandnewexperiences,youmayneedtoloosenupsomeofyourexistingconnections.Whataboutloyalty?Shouldn’tyoualwaysbeloyaltoyourfriends?Onceyouhaveaclosefriend,eveniftheirinfluenceonyouisslightlyharmful,shouldn’tyoustickbythem?Loyaltytoafriendsometimesmeanshavingtoletgo.Itmeansbeingloyaltotheirhighestandbestaswell.Ifsomeoneisdestroyinghishealthbysmoking,forexample,youaren’tshowingloyaltybysmokingrightalongwithhim.Trueloyallysometimesrequiresthatyoubreakdamagingconnections,getyourselfbackonsolidground,andthendecidewhatyoucanreallydotohelpyourfriend.Itcantakealotofcouragetotellsomeone,“I’msorry,butIcan’thaveyouinmylifeanymore."Buteventhoughthismightseemlikeaselfishactattimes,it’softenthebestthingfortheotherpersontoo.Ifarelationshipisholdingyoubackinsomeway,understandthatitisalsohurtingtheotherperson.Forexample,ifyouworkforaviolentboss,youracceptanceofthatsituationisconsideredtobesilentapproval,encouragingyourbosstocontinuetobehaveviolently.1、Whenexperiencingmajorlifechanges,peoplemay________.A．joinanewsocialcommunityB．influencetheirfriendsaroundC．choosetheirfriendshipspurposelyD．havetheirpeopleenvironmentchanged2、WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph3inthepassage?A．Everyonehasatleastonefriend.B．Friendshipstillexiststhoughthere’slessconnection.C．Itisunnecessarytomakenewfriends.D．Yououghttotreatyouroldandnewfriendequally.3、Whatistheauthor’sopinionontheloyaltytofriends?A．Neverbetrayyourclosefriendswhateverhappens.B．Correcttheirmistakeswhileyouguardtheirgoodness.C．Stickbyyourfriendseventhoughtheydoharmloyou.D．Breakupwithyourfriendsimmediatelyiftheysmoke.4、Howshouldwebehavewhenemployedbyaviolentboss?A．Weshouldacceptwhatwearetoldtodo.B．Weshouldstaysilentandbeinfavorofit.C．Weshouldbravelydisobeyhimifheiswrong.D．Weshouldgiveourbosscouragetocontinue.第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）NottoolongafterIhadbeguntodriveasateenager,someonepulledoutofaparkinglotontotheroadinfrontofme.Ireacted36andpulledupveryclosebehindher---justtoshowmyirritation(怒氣)andletherknowshedidn't"just37withthat!"We'veallbeentherewith38incidentsandreactions.Mymotherwaswithme,andtoldmetoturnintothe39parkinglot.Safelythere,sheaskedmewhyI40thatladyhadpulledoutinfrontofmepurposely.41rude,powerplay---Iguessed.Momsaidthatmaybeshehadjusthadsomebad42,maybeshewaslatepickingupherchildandwasdistracted(分心).Thinkofallthe43ofwhysomeonedoessomethinglikethat.It'susuallynotonpurpose---butwhatIdoasareactionisonpurpose.ShealwayssaidthatI44tothinkabouttheothersidebeforeI45.Usuallythereactioncausesmoreofa46.Iaminmyfiftiesnow,andtothisday,thathasalways47myheadwheneverthose48happen.I've49mychildrenthesamething.Weoftenseeandhearabout"roadrage."Nomattertowhat50that"rage"istaken,mychildrenwillsaysomethinglike,"TheyneedGrandma'swords!"Asadults,Idon'tseethemreactasmostofusdo51theirfirstreactionisalwaysangerandirritation---they52itand53whattheotherperson'sproblemmightbe.Eveniftheotherdriverreallymightbe54ordoinga"powerplay,"nomore55reactionswilloccurbecauseoftheirirritation.1754．..A．calmlyB．quickly C．a(chǎn)ngrilyD．carefully1755．.A．getupB．getawayC．getdownD．getalong1756．.A．similarB．terribleC．rudeD．familiar1757．.A．firstB．farthestC．lastD．nearest1758．.A．suggestedB．complainedC．thoughtD．concluded1759．.A．AlwaysB．JustC．AlmostD．Still1760．.A．impressionB．gradesC．skillD．news1761．.A．lessonsB．purposesC．possibilitiesD．reasons1762．.A．usedB．neededC．preferredD．reminded1763．.A．decideB．driveC．reactD．do1764．.A．problemB．threatC．messD．result1765．.A．happenedtoB．cameacrossC．passedbyD．flashedthrough1766．.A．a(chǎn)ccidentsB．incidentsC．a(chǎn)ffairsD．quarrels1767．.A．noticedB．givenC．taughtD．passed1768．.A．degreeB．measureC．stepD．a(chǎn)ction1769．.A．a(chǎn)ssoonasB．incaseC．a(chǎn)sthoughD．eventhough1770．.A．getB．setC．makeD．catch1771．.A．questionB．wonderC．forgetD．know1772．..A．troublesomeB．politeC．rudeD．warm1773．.A．casualB．dangerousC．a(chǎn)mazingD．cautious第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Ihaverecentlyreturnedfrom1．extended26-daytriptoChina.ImadetwoearliertripstoChinain2012.Onmypreviousvisitsmytravel2．(limit)Beijing,ShanghaiandChongqing.ThistimeI,togetherwithmyfamily,wasabletovisitsomeofthemoreremotecitiesandholidaydestinations3．(miss)ontheprevioustripsandrevisitBeijingandShanghaitoobservethegreatchangesthereinjustfourshortyears.Themanycontradictionsand4．(struggle)withinChinatodayareveryimpressive.Noonecanignoretherichculture5．(date)backtoancienttimesischanginginthemodernageataspeedandscalethathasneverbeenwitnessed.6．happensinChina,thethird7．(large)countryintheworldwith20percentoftheworld’spopulation,will8．(certain)shapetheimmediateanddistantfuturesof9．(we)all.OnthisblogIwillbepostingatraveljournal10．photographsanddrawings.MarkedonthemaparethecitiesandvillagesIvisitedwhileinChina.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞。2、只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。MyparentsandIwenttotheparkonlastSunday、Therewerelotsofvisitorsstoodinfrontoftheticketwindow、Wewaitedforalongtimeandbuythreetickets、IntheTigerMountainofthepark,IwastooeagertoseethefiercefrightenedanimalsthatIquickenedmystepsthroughthecrowd、Unfortunate,Igotseparatedfrommyparents、Ihadhardtimelookingforhim,butIhadnoluck、Wanderinginthepark,Ifeltalonewithoutanycompanions、Worsestill,Ihadnomoney,soIhadtowalkhome,coveredasmuchas5kilometers、第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）29．（25分）假定你是陽光中學(xué)的高二學(xué)生，母校將為高一新生舉辦主題為“Whattolearninseniorhighschool?”的英語沙龍活動，