中考英語(yǔ)-基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)歸納梳理-第一節(jié)-動(dòng)詞類單詞詞組辨析復(fù)習(xí)

動(dòng)詞類單詞、詞組辨析★1.accept，receive【解析】receive通常指被動(dòng)地“收到”或“接到”，而accept則指主動(dòng)地“接收”。附：receive也可表“接收”，如receive/getabettereducation“接收更加好教育”?！九e例】Wehaven’treceivedhisletterforalongtime.我們很久沒有收到他來信了。Sheofferedhimaliftandheaccepted(it).她請(qǐng)他坐她車，他領(lǐng)情了。第1頁(yè)【應(yīng)用】()1.OnmytwentiethbirthdayI______severalgifts.A.getB.acceptedC.receivedD.took()2.Hecouldn’t______oursuggestionsbutourgifts.AcceptB.receiveC.acceptedD.expected()3.Hedidnot______agoodeducationatuniversity.A.acceptB.receiveC.receivedD.got()4.She______hispresent，butshedidn’t______it.A.accepted;receiveB.received;acceptC.receives;acceptD.accepts;receivedCABB第2頁(yè)★2.advise，suggest【解析】二者都是動(dòng)詞，都表示“向……提議”。初中階段?？純蓚€(gè)句型：advisesb.(not)todo提議某人(別)做；suggest(sb.)doing提議(某人)做?！九e例】Iadvisedhimnottogoalone.我勸他不要一個(gè)人去。Isuggestedgoinghomeatonce.我提議馬上回家?！緫?yīng)用】()1.Thedoctoradvisedme______.tosmokeB.smokingC.don’tsmokeD.nottosmokeD第3頁(yè)()2.Hesuggested______awalkwithGrandma.A.tookB.totakeC.takingD.metotake()3.Thehusbandsuggested______tothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhim______uptheidea.A.moving;givingB.tomove;togiveC.moving;togiveD.tomove;givingCC第4頁(yè)★3.agreewith，agreeto【解析】agree意為“同意”，其反義詞為disagree。(1)agreewithsb./sth.表示“同意某人或某人意見、想法、分析、解釋等(即持同一觀點(diǎn))”。(2)agreetosth.后接提議、計(jì)劃、安排(suggestion，advice，plan，arrangement)等，意為“同意某事”。(3)agreetodosth.(此時(shí)to是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形組成不定式)，意為“同意做某事”。第5頁(yè)【舉例】Iquiteagreewithyou.我完全同意你(意見)。Heagreedtotheplan/thedate.他同意了這個(gè)計(jì)劃/日期。Weagreedtoleaveearly.我們同意早點(diǎn)出發(fā)?！緫?yīng)用】()1.Doyouthinkhewill______mysuggestion？A.agreetoB.agreestoC.agreewithD.agreeswith()2.Herparentsboth______whatshesaid.A.agreetoB.agreedwithC.agreewithD.agreedto()3.Iagree______swimmingtomorrow.A.togoB.togoingC.withgoD./ABA第6頁(yè)★4.beableto，can【解析】二者都表示“能；會(huì)”，后面都接動(dòng)詞原形。beableto有些人稱、時(shí)態(tài)及數(shù)改變，能夠用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。而can沒有些人稱或數(shù)改變，但有一個(gè)過去時(shí)形式could，相當(dāng)于was/wereableto，也能夠表示現(xiàn)在能力，相當(dāng)于is/am/areableto。注意：beableto能夠用于不定式；當(dāng)表示過去經(jīng)過努力終于做成了某事時(shí)要用beableto，而不能用can；表猜測(cè)用can,不用beableto。第7頁(yè)【舉例】IwasabletospeakthreedialectswhenIwaslittle.我很小時(shí)候就會(huì)講三種方言。(句中wasableto能夠用could代替)Shehopeshersonwillbeabletobethekingwhenhegrowsup.她希望她兒子長(zhǎng)大后能成為國(guó)王。Couldtheboy/Wastheboyabletorideahorseattheageoffive？那個(gè)男孩五歲時(shí)會(huì)騎馬嗎？Thomascan/isabletoanswerthisquestion.托馬斯能夠回答這個(gè)問題。第8頁(yè)【應(yīng)用】()1.Theywill______tellyouthenewssoon.A.abletoB.beabletoC.canD.areableto()2.—You______usemydictionary.—Thankyou.A.canB.areabletoC.wereabletoD.could()3.Somebodyisknockingatthedoor.Who_____itbeA.isabletoB.couldC.canD.can’tBAC第9頁(yè)()4.I______swimtothebankaftertheboatturnedover.A.amabletoB.couldC.wasabletoD.canableto()5.—CouldIborrowyourpen—Sure,you______.A.canB.couldC.can’tD.areabletoCA第10頁(yè)★5.borrow，lend，keep【解析】(1)borrow意為“借進(jìn)”，borrowsth.fromsb./sw.表示“向某人/從某處借入某物”。(2)lend意為“借出”，是borrow反義詞，lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.表示“借出某物給某人”。(3)keep意為“保留；借”，borrow，lend表示“借”是短暫性，而keep表示是連續(xù)性。keepsth.＋時(shí)間段表示“借某物多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，慣用于完成時(shí)態(tài)。第11頁(yè)【舉例】IseldomborrowmoneyfromothersbecauseIshouldtrytosupportmyself.我極少借他人錢因?yàn)槲覒?yīng)該努力自食其力。MybrotherlenthisdictionarytoSusanthisafternoon./MybrotherlentSusanhisdictionarythisafternoon.今天下午我哥哥(弟弟)把字典借給了蘇珊?！狧owlongcanIkeepthismagazine？這本雜志我能借多久？—Youcankeepitfortwoweeks.你能夠借用兩周。第12頁(yè)【應(yīng)用】()1.Youcan______myiPodforfourdays.A.lendB.borrowC.keepD.get()2.Thanksfor______methemoney.A.borrowingB.lendingC.keptD.lent()3.Joseph______hisguitartoBettylastFriday.A.lentB.lendedC.borrowsD.kept()4.Daisy______abookfromhercousinandshehas______itforthreeweeks.A.borrowed;lentB.borrowed;keptC.lent;keptD.lends;borrowedCBAB第13頁(yè)★6.die，dead，death，dying【解析】(1)die是瞬間動(dòng)詞，意為“死；死去”，指死那一刻。(2)dead是形容詞，意為“死”，在句中能夠充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。(3)death是名詞，意為“死亡”。(4)dying可作die現(xiàn)在分詞，也可作形容詞，意為“奄奄一息；瀕臨死亡”?！九e例】Hisfatherdiedlastweek.上周他父親逝世了。Hefoundadeadbirdinthegarden.他在花園里發(fā)覺一只死鳥。第14頁(yè)Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfortwoyears.他祖父逝世已經(jīng)有兩年了。(注：bedead能夠與時(shí)間段連用，die則不能夠。此句若用die改寫則為：Hisgrandpadiedtwoyearsago.他祖父兩年前往世了。)Shecriedoutafterknowingherhusband’sdeath.得知她丈夫死訊后她失聲痛哭。Thedyingmanwassavedbyakind-heartedlady.那個(gè)奄奄一息男人被一位好心女士救了。Ithinkhisdogisdying.我認(rèn)為他狗快要死了?！緫?yīng)用】()1.Thinkingofthe______ofmygrandfather，Ifeelverysad.A.deadB.dieC.deathD.diedC第15頁(yè)()2.Whocansavethe______dog？A.deadB.dyingC.diedD.die()3.Thepoorman______lastnight.A.wasdeadB.isdyingC.deadD.died()4.Thecathas______fortwodays.A.diedB.beendiedC.beendeadD.isdeathBDC第16頁(yè)★7.diefrom，dieof【解析】diefrom和dieof均表示“因……而死”，所接賓語(yǔ)均表示死亡原因。詳細(xì)使用時(shí)，dieof指死于(疾病,感情,饑寒等)本身原因；diefrom普通指死于(事故,外傷等)外部原因。若死因是環(huán)境影響到體內(nèi)，即兩方面共有原因，則用of，from均可?！九e例】Mr.Liudiedfromanearthquake.劉先生死于地震。Nowadaysmanypeopledieofcancer.如今很多人死于癌癥。第17頁(yè)【應(yīng)用】()1.MissLin______hearttroublelastspring.A.diedofB.diedfromC.diedoutD.dieddown()2.Unfortunately,thelittleboy______afeveratlast.A.diedoutB.diedofC.diedinD.diedfrom()3.Eachyear,manypeople____trafficaccidents.A.diefromB.dieofC.dieoutD.diedownABA第18頁(yè)★8.getto，arrivein/at，reach【解析】三者均可表示“抵達(dá)”。get表“抵達(dá)”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，后接表示地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)要與介詞to連用，即“getto＋place”。arrive表“抵達(dá)”時(shí)也是不及物動(dòng)詞，后接地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)要借助介詞in或at，arrivein＋大地點(diǎn)，arriveat＋小地點(diǎn)。reach表“抵達(dá)”時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接接表示地點(diǎn)詞。注意：(1)get，arrive后接表示地點(diǎn)副詞(如here，there，home等)時(shí)，不需要任何介詞作為媒介。(2)抵達(dá)地點(diǎn)在句中沒有出現(xiàn)時(shí)，只能單獨(dú)使用arrive。第19頁(yè)【舉例】—Whattimewillthelasttraingettotheterminalstation？末班火車幾點(diǎn)抵達(dá)終點(diǎn)站？—At23：00.23點(diǎn)。SamisayoungstudentnewlyarrivesinEnglandfromNewZealand.山姆是一個(gè)從新西蘭首次來到英格蘭年輕學(xué)生。Finally，thetravelersarrivedatthesmallhotelforthenight.最終，旅客們抵達(dá)了小旅館并在那里過了夜。ThetirewentbrokenwhenthetruckreachedthevillageofPicton.卡車抵達(dá)皮克頓村時(shí)，輪胎爆了。第20頁(yè)Whenthemothergothome，thechildrenwereshoutingatthetopoftheirvoice.當(dāng)母親到家時(shí)，孩子們正在扯著嗓門高聲喊叫?！猈hendidyouarrive？你什么時(shí)候到？—Threedaysago.三天前(到)?！緫?yīng)用】()1.Sadlywe______thefactoryfiveminuteslate.A.gotB.arrivedinC.reachD.arrivedatD第21頁(yè)()2.Whendidhe______homeyesterday？A.arrivedB.gettoC.reachD.gets()3.Whatwereyoudoingwhenthesandstorm______？A.arrivedB.reachedC.gottoD.arrivedin()4.Thekiteisinthetree,canyou______itA.gettoB.arriveatC.reachD.reachinCAC第22頁(yè)★9.happen，takeplace【解析】二者都可表示“發(fā)生”。happen意為“意外、偶然、未能預(yù)見地發(fā)生”，常見搭配有sb.happentodosth.“某人恰巧做某事”和sth.happentosb./sth.“某事意外發(fā)生在某人/某事身上”。takeplace意為“按事先計(jì)劃或有預(yù)謀地發(fā)生/舉行”。附：與happen搭配往往是accident，crash，earthquake，tsunami(海嘯)等；與takeplace搭配往往是murder，sportsmeeting，party，celebration，marriage等。另外，happen,takeplace往往不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第23頁(yè)【舉例】IhappenedtomeettwoforeignersfromArgentinaonthemountainyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午我恰巧在山上遇見了兩位來自阿根廷外籍人士。Cindylooksupsetthesedays.Whathappenedtoher？辛迪這幾天看起來很沮喪，她怎么了？AhorriblemurdertookplaceonJuly22，.年7月22號(hào)發(fā)生了一起可怕謀殺案。【應(yīng)用】()1.Whendidtheearthquake______？A.takeplaceB.happenC.happeningD.tookplaceB第24頁(yè)()2.In1919，theMay4thMovement______inChina.A.tookplaceB.happenedC.willhappenD.wastakingplace()3.Greatchanges______inthetownsince1998.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace()4.I______toseehimonmywayhome.A.tookplaceB.happenedC.happeningD.takeplaceAAB第25頁(yè)★10.havebeento，havebeenin，havegoneto【解析】(1)have/hasbeento強(qiáng)調(diào)“曾經(jīng)去了某個(gè)地方，此時(shí)人已經(jīng)不在那里了”，后常接次數(shù)，如once，twice，threetimes等，也可和just，never，ever等連用。(2)have/hasbeenin表示“在某地待了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)for.../since...ago等連用。(3)have/hasgoneto強(qiáng)調(diào)“去了某個(gè)地方”，現(xiàn)在人可能在去途中或已經(jīng)在那個(gè)地方了，總之不在說話者處，上下文中往往出現(xiàn)Whereissb.？/Haveyouseensb.recently？/sb.willbebackin...之類暗示語(yǔ)。注意：當(dāng)它們后面接表示地點(diǎn)副詞here，there，home等詞時(shí)，要省略介詞in，to。第26頁(yè)【舉例】MyfatherhasbeentoBeijingtwice.我父親去過北京兩次。IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我到上海已經(jīng)有三年了?！猈hereisJim？吉姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoEngland.他去英國(guó)了。You’veneverbeentherebefore，haveyou？你從來沒有去過那里，是嗎？第27頁(yè)【應(yīng)用】()1.He______Beijing.Hewillcomebackintendays.A.hasbeentoB.havegonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasgoneto()2.—Howmanytimeshaveyou______Paris？—Onlyonce.A.beeninB.gonetoC.gotoD.beento()3.—Howlonghaveyou______thiscity？—Formorethantenyears.A.stayinB.beeninC.beentoD.cometo()4.—Longtimenosee.Wherehaveyou______？—IwasonatriptoAustralia.A.beenB.gonetoC.goneD.comefromDDBA第28頁(yè)★11.hearof，hearabout，hearfrom【解析】hearof與hearabout意思相近，這兩個(gè)詞組在英語(yǔ)中有時(shí)能夠通用。hearof意為“聽說過，聽到；提起某事”，直接指其對(duì)象。hearabout意為“聽到/得知關(guān)于某人或某事消息”，比hearof知道得更詳細(xì)、詳細(xì)。hearfrom通常接表示人名詞或代詞，意為“收到……信；收到……電報(bào)；得到……消息”。【舉例】Ihaveneverheardofhimsinceheleft.自從他離開后，我再?zèng)]聽到過他消息。I’vejustheardabouthisillness.我剛聽說他生病事。Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehetelephoned.自從那次他來電話后，我一直沒有收到過他來信。第29頁(yè)【應(yīng)用】()1.I’vejust______hispromotion.A.hearaboutB.heardfromC.hearofD.heardabout()2.Wedon’tknowthesinger，andwe’venever______her.A.heardofB.hearaboutC.he