專題18 9BU2-牛津譯林版初中英語(yǔ)第二學(xué)期單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括及易錯(cuò)題分析（江蘇專用）

專題189BU2-牛津譯林版初中英語(yǔ)第二學(xué)期單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括及易錯(cuò)題分析單元話題GreatpeopleReading重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組和句型Grammar初中六種時(shí)態(tài)的用法總結(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括一、重點(diǎn)詞組、句型1.inventorn發(fā)明者，發(fā)明家aninventorthegreatestinventorinhistoryinventvinventmyfavouritefood發(fā)明了我最喜愛(ài)的食物inventionn發(fā)明，創(chuàng)意createover1000inventions創(chuàng)造了1000多項(xiàng)發(fā)明explorern探險(xiǎn)者，考察者anexplorerexplorev探索，探討exploreouterspace探索太空3.fightern斗士，戰(zhàn)斗者，戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)afighterfortherightsofblackAfricansfightv打架，為…而戰(zhàn)（fight-fought-fought）fightforfreedom為自由而戰(zhàn)n打架haveafightwithsb與某人打了一架4.AsiaAfricaEuropeAmericaItalyRussiaEnglandFranceAsianAfricanEuropeanAmericanItalianRussianEnglishFrenchGermanyChinaJapanAustraliaGermanChineseJapaneseAustralian5.pilotn飛行員licence(license)n執(zhí)照，許可照Eg:Hereceivedhisstudentpilot’slicencewhenhewas16.他16歲時(shí)拿到了他的飛機(jī)學(xué)員執(zhí)照6.navyn海軍jointhenavy加入海軍7.servevi.vt.服役，服務(wù)，招待servesbserveasapilot作為一名飛行員服務(wù)servicen.服務(wù)beinservice8.testv測(cè)試，測(cè)驗(yàn)testalltypesofaircraft測(cè)試各種類型的飛機(jī)n檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試passthetest9.astronauntn宇航員bechosentobecomeanastronaut被選為一名宇航員10.spacecraft(單復(fù)同)宇宙飛船，航天器managetojointwospacecrafttogetherforthefirsttime成功將兩個(gè)航天器交會(huì)對(duì)接11.spinv快速旋轉(zhuǎn)（spin-spun/span-spun）beginspinning開(kāi)始旋轉(zhuǎn)12.controln控制outofcontrol失去控制，無(wú)法管理v控制(control-controlled-controlled,controlling)13.ordern命令，指揮，要求receivetheordertocuttheflightshort收到縮短航程的命令v命令ordersb.(not)todosth.命令某人（不）做某事14.thePacificOcean太平洋theIndianOcean印度洋theArcticOcean北冰洋theAtlantic(Ocean)大西洋landvivt（使）著落，（使）降落landsafely安全降落landthespacecraftontheMoonn陸地onland在陸地上ontheland在這片土地上，務(wù)農(nóng)16.stepn一步Eg:Onesmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.(一)人的一小步,人類的一大步。vi走，跨步(step-stepped)stepoutonto…跨出去到….上面17.surfacen表面，表層theMoon’ssurface月球的表面18.further（far-farther/further-farthest/furthest）adj更多的，更進(jìn)一步的goabroadforfurtherstudy出國(guó)進(jìn)修takebacktotheEarthforfurtherresearch返回地球做更深的研究19.citizenn公民，市民aUScitizen20.priden驕傲，可引以為豪的人（或物）theprideofthewholeworld全世界的驕傲proudadjbeproudof以…而自豪Weareproudofourcountry.21.passagen章節(jié)，樂(lè)段readapassage22.byhand手工washtheirclothesbyhand23.scientistn科學(xué)家marryaFrenchscientist24.professorn教授ProfessorWang王教授25.discoveryn發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)物thediscoveryofradium26.unknownadj未知的，不出名的bebestknownfor...最為人知的Eg:Itwasbraveofhimtogotoaplacethatwasunknowntohumansatthattime.他很勇敢，到一個(gè)當(dāng)時(shí)人類未知的地方去。27.widelyadv廣泛地，普遍地bewidelyusedinhospitals被廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)院28.hungern饑餓seepeopledieofhunger看到人們死于饑餓29.happentodosth碰巧做某事sthhappentosb30.advantagen優(yōu)勢(shì)i，有利條件havemanyadvantagesoverothers比起其他有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)disadvantage劣勢(shì)31.increasevt增加increaseby+數(shù)字表示具體數(shù)量增加increaseto…….增加到…….32.productionn生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)量increasericeproduction增加水稻產(chǎn)量33.developmentndevelopmentofbetterriceplants發(fā)展更優(yōu)良水稻植物的發(fā)展developvdevelopagoodreadinghabit培養(yǎng)好的閱讀習(xí)慣adjdevelopedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家二、語(yǔ)法Grammar1．動(dòng)詞的6種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和狀態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式1.Ilikesports.2.Helikessports.3.Sheisagoodteacher.一般過(guò)去時(shí)be動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式Wehadagreattimeyesterday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall/begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形Theywillgotothecinemanextweek.2.Heisgoingtohaveapicnicwithhisfamilytomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式MyparentsarewatchingTVnow.2.Iamlookingformypurse.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞LilyhaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式Weweretalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.2．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別及?？键c(diǎn)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：(1)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。例：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(2)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。例：IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done標(biāo)志詞:already,just,yet,ever,never,recently,inthepast3years,before,sofar/bynow,overtheyears,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子,for+時(shí)間段等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的異同點(diǎn)：共同點(diǎn)：動(dòng)作都在過(guò)去。不同點(diǎn)：和現(xiàn)在有無(wú)關(guān)系。(與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過(guò)去動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的過(guò)去動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去。)例：①I(mǎi)haveinterviewedthefamouswriter.(我已經(jīng)完成采訪任務(wù)，我對(duì)他已經(jīng)有所了解了。)②Iinterviewedthefamouswriteryesterday.(昨天我做的一件事，不涉及現(xiàn)在。)總結(jié)：觀察第二句中有明顯的一般過(guò)去時(shí)標(biāo)志語(yǔ)“yesterday”,因此做題時(shí)最簡(jiǎn)單的判斷就是找有無(wú)明顯的一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果有則選擇一般過(guò)去時(shí)，沒(méi)有的話要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和上下文動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有無(wú)影響，有影響選用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，沒(méi)有影響選擇一般過(guò)去時(shí)。四、since和for的用法區(qū)別和聯(lián)系用于描述一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者可能還要延續(xù)到將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。常和for和since連用。(1)since的用法A.since后可加時(shí)間點(diǎn)。例：WehavelearnedEnglishsincenearlythreeyearsago.B.since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(2)for的用法：for后加一段時(shí)間。例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactoryfortenmonths.(3)since和for用法的相互轉(zhuǎn)換：for+一段時(shí)間=since+一段時(shí)間+ago例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactorysincetenmonthsago./WehavelearnedEnglishfornearlythreeyears.【拓展】此外還有“Itis+段時(shí)間+since”的句型。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.=ItisnineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(4)對(duì)since和for的提問(wèn)用howlong。例：--HowlonghaveyoubeeninNanjing?--Forthreeyears./Sincethreeyearsago.五、have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasbeento：曾經(jīng)去過(guò)，強(qiáng)調(diào)以往的經(jīng)歷。例：TheoldmanhasbeentoEgyptwhenhewasyoung.have/hasgoneto：去了某地，強(qiáng)調(diào)還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。例：--Whereisyouruncle?--Hehasgonetothesupermarket.have/hasbeenin：待在某地，住在某地。例：Mr.Smithhasbeeninthelabforovertenhours.六、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)應(yīng)注意句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間連用。例：這本書(shū)我從圖書(shū)館已經(jīng)借了兩個(gè)多星期了。誤：Ihavealreadyborrowedthebookforovertwoweeks.正：Ihavealreadykeptthebookforovertwoweeks.(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)可采用將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的方式。如：come—behere；go—bethere;die--bedead;borrow--keep;buy--have;join--bein(beamember);leave--beaway等。批注：補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，只是不能與一段時(shí)間連用。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinish/endbeoverdiebedeadjoinbein/beamemberofleavebeawayfromarrive/reachbeheregetmarriedbemarried三、詞組歸納1.widelyadv.廣泛地openyourmouthwideEnglishiswidelyused.同high-highlyclose-closely2.advantagen.優(yōu)勢(shì)（可數(shù)）disadvantagen.劣勢(shì)（可數(shù)）3.atpresent現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志詞atthemomentthesedays4.doyouthink做插入語(yǔ)Whodoyouthinkisthegreatestpersoninhistory?在做動(dòng)詞填空題時(shí)，如果疑問(wèn)詞后面出現(xiàn)doyouthink，可以刪除后再做。5.inhistory注意不加冠詞inspace在太空中注意不加冠詞6.第一個(gè)做某事的人thefirstmantodo某人第一次做某事It’sthefirsttimethatsb.hasdone....7.furtherresearch進(jìn)一步研究注意research不可數(shù)8.thepioneerofChina’sspacetechnologyprogramme中國(guó)太空科技項(xiàng)目的先鋒9.afighterfortherightsofSouthAfricansallhislife一生為南非人爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利的斗士10.thefirstEuropeantodiscoverAmerica第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的歐洲人11.takeone’sfirstflight第一次乘飛機(jī)12.thepilot’slicence(apieceofpaperthatshowsyouareallowedtodosth)飛行員執(zhí)照13.serveasatestpilot/anastronaut(apersonwhotravelstospace)作為試飛員/宇航員服役14.managetojointwospacecrafttogether設(shè)法成功對(duì)接兩艘宇宙飛船15.beginspinning(turnroundandroundquickly)outofcontrol開(kāi)始旋轉(zhuǎn)失去控制16.receivetheordertocuttheflightshort收到縮短航程的命令17.bring---downintothePacificOcean/land---ontheMoon使--落入太平洋/著落到月球18.Onesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind個(gè)人一小步，人類一大步19.stepoutontotheMoon’ssurface(theoutsideortoppartofsth)跨步走到月球表面20.theprideof---//takepridein--/beproudof-----的驕傲/以--自豪21.inancienttimes//byhand在古時(shí)候/手工/22.withtheinventionofthewashingmachine隨著洗衣機(jī)的發(fā)明23.discoverradiuminthelaboratory在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里發(fā)現(xiàn)鐳24.wintheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthediscoveryof--因--的發(fā)現(xiàn)而贏得諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)25.beunknowntohumans//beknownfor--/as---對(duì)人類不出名/因--而被26.pushfortheuseof---推動(dòng)了---的使用27.bewidelyusedinhospitalatpresent目前在醫(yī)院被廣泛使用28.beginfurtherresearchinto---開(kāi)始進(jìn)一步研究---29.happentofindanaturalhybridriceplant碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)一株野生雜交水稻30.havemanyadvantagesoverothers有很多優(yōu)于其它(水稻)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)31.Riceproductionhasbeenincreasedby20%水稻產(chǎn)量已增長(zhǎng)了20%32.solvetheproblemofhunger解決饑餓問(wèn)題33.單詞citizen(apersonwholivesinacountryandenjoyrightsthere)市民34.passageaircraftprofessortitleagriculturenavy易錯(cuò)題分析易錯(cuò)題分析語(yǔ)法部分：一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.-Whatisyourmotherdoing,Linda?-She___________dinnerinthekitchennow.（淮安）A.iscooking B.wascooking C.cook D.cooking2.-Wherearetheteachersnow?-Inthemeetingroom.They_________themeetingfor10minutes.（淮安）A.havebegun B.havebeenon C.havehad D.havebeenheld3.It'sreportedthemedalsforthe2020OlympicGamesinTokyo__________from100%recycledmaterial.（連云港）A.aremaking B.havemade C.ismade D.willbemade4．﹣Wendy，howlonghaveyouhadtheHuaweiP30Pro？﹣Acoupleofdays．I______itlastweek．（南京）A．bought B．buy C．willbuy D．havebought5.TheChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeamhasbroughthelpandhopetopeopleindisastersaroundtheworldsinceit______18yearsago．（南京）A．setup B．issetup C．wassetup D．willbesetup6.—Iseveryonehere,Jonathan?—No.Sir.Millieisabsent.Shefortwodays.（南通）A.hasfallenill B.hasbeenill C.fellill D.wasill7.Amon____________hisshipinabigstormwhenagiantfishcameoutofthesea.（蘇州）A.willsail B.issailing C.wassailingD.hassailed8.-HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?-Ofcourse.Actually,I_________thereforsixyearsbutnowIliveinTaizhou.（泰州）A.worked B.wasworking C.wouldwork D.haveworked9.Since2009,ModernFamily____________usthefunny,sadandmovingstoriesofthreeAmericanfamilies.（宿遷）A.hasgiven B.willgive C.gave D.gives10.-ThedramaseriesTheThunder(破冰行動(dòng))hitsscreensthesedays.-Oh.Whatapity!I____________anyofthemyet,（鎮(zhèn)江）A.doesn'twatch B.didn'twatch C.won'twatch D.haven'twatched11.Everysummer,manyforeigners_____toHainanforvacations.A.comesB.cameC.comeD.coming12.--Isyourmotheranurse?--Yes,sheis.She____inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.worksC.workedD.working13.--Where’syourmother,Lucy?--She_____TVintheroom.A.watchesB.watchedC.iswatchingD.watching14.Doyouknowifhe______backnextweek?Ifhe________back,pleaseletmeknow.A.comes;willcomeB.willcome;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;comes15.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25___________ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe【答案】ABDACBCAADCBCCA二、動(dòng)詞填空Frog(write)bytheChinesewriterMoYanispopularamongchildren.【答案】writtenThepackageyou’relookingforwardto (arrive)justnow.【答案】arrived—Isyourfatherathome? —No,I’mafraidhe(go)out.【答案】hasgoneInancienttimes,people (use)salttohelpthemkeepfishormeatforalongtime.【答案】wereusedto—Jane,Ican’tfindMikeintheplayground.—Oh,He (play)thepianointhemusicroom.【答案】isplayingIthinkitveryniceofyou(send)myparentsyourbestwishes.【答案】tosendShe (serve)thekitchenwhenthelightwentout.【答案】wasserving61.Whatdoyouthink (happen)toJohnifhefindshiscarhasbeenstolen?【答案】happened詞匯句型部分：一、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.—Shestudiedmathsandphysicsin________university.—Yes.Shewassuch________unusualwomanscientist.A.a;aB.a;anC.an;anD.an;a()2.—Whatdoyouthink________Armstrongsofamous?—Hisexcellentservice.A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.make()3.Shegotuptogetsomesleepingpillsbutfoundtherewas________leftathome.A.nothingB.noneC.somethingD.nobody()4.Wasitin1969________theAmericanspacemensucceeded________landingonthemoon?A.when;inB.when;/C.that;inD.that;with()5.China,________oneofthegreatfourcountrieswithancientcivilizations,isbest－known________itsgreatdevelopmentinallthefieldsovertheyears.A.as;asB.as;forC.for;asD.for;for()6.—Whatwouldsomestudentsliketodoafterfinishingtheireducation?—Theywouldliketostarttowork________theyneedn'tdependontheirparentscompletely.A.assoonasB.sothatC.beforeD.while()7.________wonderfulnewsprogramwearewatching!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa()8.Thebornartistdevotedallthetimehehad________forsomethingbetterordifferent.A.searchB.searchedC.tosearchD.tosearching()9.MarieCurie________theuseofX-raymachines,whicharenowwidelyusedinhospitals.A.putawayB.putoutC.pushedinD.pushedfor()10.It'sbrave________youtogotoaplacethat________unknowntohumans.A.of;/B.of;wasC.for;/D.for;were()11.—Hehardlycaughtthetrainyesterdayafternoon,________he?—________，becausehegotuplateandtherewastoomuchtrafficontheroad.A.did;Yes,hedidB.didn't;Yes,hedidC.did;No,hedidn'tD.didn't;No,hedidn't()12.Eachtimeamedal________awinner,themusicwasplayed.A.ispresentedtoB.presentedtoC.waspresentedtoD.waspresentedwith()13.Youneverknowhowmuchdifficultywehad________theproblem.Luckily,wemanagedtosolveitwithMrsWu'shelp.A.workingoutB.workoutC.workedoutD.toworkout()14.—ThankyouforhelpingmelookaftermycatwhileIwasaway.—________！A.WithpleasureB.It'smypleasureC.Itdoesn'tmatterD.Noproblem()15.—Doyouknow________thisafternoon?—I'mnotsure,butI'lltellyouassoonasshe________.A.whattimewill