美國醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)英文

演講人：日期：美國醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)英文OverviewoftheU.S.HealthcareSystemStructureandOrganizationoftheSystemFinancingMechanismsinU.S.HealthcareAccesstoCareintheU.S.HealthcareSystem.2HealthDisparitiesAmongPopulationQualityofCareintheU.S.HealthcareSystemFutureChallengesandOpportunitiesfortheU.S.HealthcareSystem目錄01OverviewoftheU.S.HealthcareSystemTheU.S.healthcaresystemisacomplexnetworkofproviders,insurers,andgovernmentagenciesthatdelivermedicalcaretopatientsThesystemishighlyfragmented,withawiderangeofprovidersandservicesavailable,makingitdifficulttonavigateformanypatientsQualityofcarecanvarywidelydependingonfactorssuchasproviderexpertise,accesstotechnology,andgeographiclocationItischaracterizedbyamixofpublicandprivatesectorinvolvement,withmostAmericansreceivingcoveragethroughprivateinsuranceoremployeebasedplansDefinitionandCharacteristicsTheearlyhistoryoftheU.S.healthcaresystemwascharacterizedbyalakeoforganizedcareandwidespreaddaffecteddiseases單擊此處添加正文，文字是您思想的為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的。單擊此處添加正文文字是您思。文字是您思。單擊此處添加正文文字是您思。文字是您思。4行*21字Recentdecadeshaveseenanincreaseingovernmentregulationandoverviewofthehealthcareindustry,aimedatimprovingaccess,quality,andaffordabilityofcare單擊此處添加正文，文字是您思想的為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的。單擊此處添加正文文字是您思。文字是您思。單擊此處添加正文文字是您思。文字是您思。4行*21字HistoryandEvolutionPhysicians,nurses,andotherhealthcareprofessionalswhodelivermedicalcaretopatientsProvidersPrivateinsurancecompaniesandgovernmentprogramssuchasMedicareandMedicaidthatfinancehealthcareservicesInsurersManufacturersofprescriptiondrugsandmedicaldevicesthatplayacriticalroleintreatingpatientsPharmaceuticalCompaniesIndividualswhoreceivemedicalcareandareincreasinglyinvolvedindecisionmakingabouttheirownhealthandtreatmentoptionsPatientsandConsumersKeyPlayersandStakeholders02StructureandOrganizationoftheSystemRegulatinghealththroughagenciessuchastheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),andtheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices(HHS)FederalGovernmentRole03SettingnationalhealthgoalsandprioritiesthroughinitiativesliketheHealthPeopleprogram01ProvidinghealthcarecoveragethroughprogramslikeMedicareandMedicaid02FundingmedicalresearchanddevelopmentthroughagenciesliketheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)FederalGovernmentRoleStateandLocalGovernmentRoleImplementingandenforcinghealthcarelawsandregulationsProvidinghealthcareservicesandfacilities,suchaspublichospitalsandclinicsManagingpublichealthemergencies,suchasbreakthroughsofdiseasePromotinghealthbehaviorsandpreventingdiseasesthroughpublichealtheducationandprogramsPrivateSectorInvolvement01Providingthemajorofhealthcareservicesthroughprivatehospitals,clinics,andphysicalpractices02Developingandmanufacturingmedicaltechnologies,drugs,anddevices03Offeringhealthinsuranceplanstoindividualsandemployees04Investinginhealthcarestartupsandinnovationthroughventurecapitalandprivateequityfirms03FinancingMechanismsinU.S.HealthcareMedicalAfederalhealthinsuranceprogramforpeopleaged65andolder,aswellassomeyoungerindividualswithdisabilitiesorcertainhealthconditionsMedicaidAjointfederalandstateprogramthatprovideshealthcoveragetolowincomeindividuals,includingchildren,prospectivewomen,theelderly,andpeoplewithdisabilitiesChildren'sHealthInsuranceProgram(CHIP)AprogramadministeredbystatestoprovidehealthcoveragetochildrenfromfamilieswithincometoohightoqualifyforMedicaid,butnotafterprivatecoverageGovernmentFundingProgramsPrivateHealthInsuranceMarketTheseplansallowsmallbusinessesorself-employedindividualstobandtogethertomaintainhealthinsuranceatmorefavorableratesAssociationHealthPlansThemajorofAmericansoccupyingtheirhealthinsurancethroughtheiremployees,whooftensubseizeaportofthepremiumEmployeeBasedInsurancePeoplewhoarenotcoveredbyemployeebasedinsurancecanpurchaseindividualorfamilyplansdirectlyfrominsurersIndividualandFamilyPlansPaymentsanddeductionsConsumersoftenhavetopayafixedamount(payment)orapercentageofthetotalcost(deductible)forhealthcareservicesPrescriptionDrugCostsManyhealthinsuranceplansdonotfullycoverthecostofprescriptiondrugs,leavingconsumerstopayasignificantportoutofpocketUncoveredServicesSomehealthcareservices,suchasdentalcareorlongtermcare,maynotbecoveredbyinsuranceplans,requiringconsumerstopaythefullcostOutofPocketSpendingbyConsumers04AccesstoCareintheU.S.HealthcareSystemHighhealthcarecostscanpreventindividualsfromseekingmedicalattention,specificallythosewhoareuninsuredorunderservedCostofCareLakeofProvidersInsomeareas,theremaybeashortageofhealthcareproviders,suchasdoctors,nurses,ordentists,whichcanlimitaccesstocareVariationswithtransportation,suchasdeckofpublictransportationoptionsorinabilitytodrive,canpreventindividualsfromgettingtomedicalappointmentsTransportationIssuesLanguagebarriersorculturaldifferencesbetweenpatientsandhealthcareproviderscanleadtomisunderstandingsandpoorcommunication,whichcanaffectaccesstocareLanguageandCulturalBarriers05.2HealthDisparitiesAmongPopulationIncreasingthenumberofpeoplewithhealthinsurancecanhelpreduceexpensesinaccesstocareThiscanbeachievedthroughgovernmentprogramslikeMedicaidandtheAffordableCareAct,aswellasprivateinsuranceoptionsExpandinghealthinsurancecoverageInvestinginhealthcarefacilities,equipment,andtechnologycanimproveaccesstoqualitycare,specificallyinunderservedcommunitiesImprovinghealthcareinfrastructureTraininghealthcareproviderstobeculturallycompetentcanhelpthembetterunderstandandmeettheneedsofdiversepatientpopulationsPromotingculturalcompetenceImplementingcommunitybasedinterventionsCommunitybasedprogramscanaddressspecifichealthneedsanddivisionswithinapopulationTheseprogramsmayincludeoutreach,education,andscreeningservices06QualityofCareintheU.S.HealthcareSystemPatientOutputsMeasuringtheeffectivenessoftreatmentsandproceduresinimprovingormaintainingpatients'healthstatusAssessinginheritancetoevidencebasedguidelinesandprotocolsinthedeliveryofcareEvaluatingtheadequacyoffacilities,equipment,andstaffingtoprovidehighqualitycareMeasuringpatients'perceptionsofthecaretheyreceive,includingcommunication,respect,andinvolvementindecisionmakingProcessMeasuresStructuralMeasuresPatientSatisfactionMeasuringQualityofCareFragmentedSystemTheU.S.healthcaresystemishighlyfragmented,withmultiplepayers,providers,andsettingsofcare,makingitdifficulttocoordinateandintegratecareVariationinPracticeWidevariationsinclinicalpracticecanleadtoconsistentqualityofcareandoutcomesPatientEngagementLimitedpatientengagementandactivationcanhindereffortstoimprovequality,aspatientsarenotfullyinvolvedintheirowncareCostpressuresRisinghealthcarecostscanlimitaccesstocareandcreatefinancialbarriersforpatientsandprovidersseekingtoimprovequalityChallengestoImprovingQualityofCarePatientCenteredCareInitiativesthatfocusontheneedsandpreferencesofpatients,involvingthemindecisionmakingandensuringtheircareiscoordinatedacrosssettingsEvidenceBasedMedicineTheuseofscientificevidencetoguideclinicaldecisionmaking,leadingtomoreeffectiveandeffectivecareCareCoordinationImprovingcommunicationandcollaborationamongproviderstoensurepatientsreceiveseamless,coordinatedcareQualityMeasurementandReportingThesystematiccollectionandanalysisofdataonqualityindicators,followedbypublicreportingtodriveimprovementeffectsSuccessfulQualityImprovementInitiatives07FutureChallengesandOpportunitiesfortheU.S.HealthcareSystem010203IncreasingCostofCareThecostofimprovinghealthcareservicesintheUnitedStateshasbeenrisingsteadily,drivenbyfactorssuchasadvancedtechnology,theagingpopulation,andtherisingcostofsubscriptiondrugsSustainabilityIssuesAshealthcarecostscontinuetorise,thereareconcernsaboutthelong-termsustainabilityofthehealthcaresystem,specificallywithregulationstofundsourcessuchasgovernmentprogramsandprivateinsuranceAccesstoCareRisingcostscanalsolimitaccesstocare,assomeindividualsandfamiliesmaynotbeabletoaffordthehighcostofhealthcareservicesRisingCostsandSustainabilityConcernsTelemedicineTheuseoftelemedicinehasincreasedsignificantlyinrece