2024屆廣東省江門(mén)市高三下學(xué)期一?？荚囉⒄Z(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

試卷類型：B江門(mén)市2024年高考模擬考試英語(yǔ)本試卷共12頁(yè),67小題,滿分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前,考生務(wù)必把自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。2.做選擇題時(shí),必須用2B鉛筆把答題卷上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑,如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.非選擇題必須使用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆,將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。4.所有題目必須在答題卡上指定位置作答,不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。5.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后,將答題卡交回。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhetheryouareafineartloverorhistoryenthusiast,therearesomemuseumsthatyoushouldvisitinyourlifetime.Here’salistofthebestmuseumsintheworld.LELOUVRE,PARISAvisittotheLouvreletsvisitorsdiscoverancientcivilizationsandWesternartfromtheMiddleAgesto1848.Thepalaceofthemuseum,datingbacktothetwelfthcenturyanddevelopedbyarchitectsfrom1200to2011,isalessoninarchitecture.ThemostfamousartworkisLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”.THEUFFIZIGALLERIES,FLORENCEThemuseumoccupiesalargebuildingconstructedbetween1560and1580.It’sfamousforitsoutstandingcollectionsofancientsculpturesandpaintingsfromtheMiddleAgestotheModernperiod,andmainlyknownforitspaintingsbyItalianartists.THEBRITISHMUSEUM,LONDONAsthefirstnationalmuseumtocoverallfieldsofhumanknowledge,itwasfoundedin1753andopeneditsdoorsin1759.Itseightmillionobjectsallowustoexplorethediversityofhumancultures,anddiscovertheexpressionsinhumanbeing’slife.Itboaststheworld’ssecondfinestcollectionofEgyptianantiques.THEMETROPOLITANMUSEUMOFART,NEWYORKAlsoknownas“theMet”,it’sthelargestartmuseumintheAmerica.Presentingover5,000yearsofartfromaroundtheworld,themuseumlivesintwositesinNewYork:TheMetFifthAvenueandTheMetCloisters.Sinceitsfoundingin1870,ithasbeenatreasuryofrareandbeautifulobjects,rangingfromEuropeanpaintings,EgyptiancollectionstoAmericanpaintings.1.WhichmuseumisbestknownforancientstatuesintheMiddleAges?A.TheLouvre. B.TheUffiziGalleries.C.TheBritishMuseum. D.TheMetropolitanMuseum.2.WhatcanvisitorsenjoyinboththeBritishMuseumandtheMet?A.ArtworksfromEgypt. B.Expressionsaroundtheworld.C.Rareobjectsofhumanculture. D.PaintingsfromEuropeandAmerica.3.Whereisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoarts. B.Anessayonarchitecture.C.Aguidebooktomuseums. D.AreviewofEgyptianpaintings.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了世界著名的四大藝術(shù)博物館，讓讀者了解它們的建筑歷史、展品特點(diǎn)以及其它的一些相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“It’sfamousforitsoutstandingcollectionsofancientsculpturesandpaintingsfromtheMiddleAgestotheModernperiod,andmainlyknownforitspaintingsbyItalianartists.(它以其從中世紀(jì)到現(xiàn)代時(shí)期的古代雕塑和繪畫(huà)的杰出收藏而聞名，主要以意大利藝術(shù)家的繪畫(huà)而聞名)”可知，烏菲齊美術(shù)館以中世紀(jì)的古代雕像而聞名。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Itboaststheworld’ssecondfinestcollectionofEgyptianantiques.(它擁有世界上第二好的埃及古董收藏)”以及最后一段“Sinceitsfoundingin1870,ithasbeenatreasuryofrareandbeautifulobjects,rangingfromEuropeanpaintings,EgyptiancollectionstoAmericanpaintings.(自1870年成立以來(lái)，它一直是稀有和美麗物品的寶庫(kù)，從歐洲繪畫(huà)，埃及收藏品到美國(guó)繪畫(huà))”可知，游客在大英博物館和大都會(huì)博物館都能享受到埃及的藝術(shù)品。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whetheryouareafineartloverorhistoryenthusiast,therearesomemuseumsthatyoushouldvisitinyourlifetime.Here’salistofthebestmuseumsintheworld.(無(wú)論你是美術(shù)愛(ài)好者還是歷史愛(ài)好者，總有一些博物館是你一生中應(yīng)該去參觀的。這里是世界上最好的博物館的名單)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了世界著名的四大藝術(shù)博物館，讓讀者了解它們的建筑歷史、展品特點(diǎn)以及其它的一些相關(guān)信息?？赏浦恼伦钣锌赡苓x自一本博物館指南。故選C。BAcrosstheworld,humanspurchasearound1.3billionsingle-useplasticwaterbottlesaday.Becauseonlyabout9%ofplasticisrecycled,thevastmajorityofthosebottleswindupinlandfills,theocean,orelsewhereinnature.Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottlesduringherfamily’stripstoCalifornia,the12-year-old“justfeltlikethisneededtochange,”shetoldSmithsonianMagazine.Soasshebeganthinkingaboutwhattodoforherschoolsciencefairbackin2021,theideaofaprojectcenteredonreducingplasticpollutionquicklycametohermind:shewoulddesignaneatablewaterbottlecalledtheEco-Hero.“Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwaswantingtohelptheworld,”theconfidentyounginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite.Tobringherideatolife,Madisonbuiltuponthealreadyestablishedmethodbyexperimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.Shefoundthatthecombinationofwater,lemonjuice,naturalgum,andAlginicacid(褐藻酸)resultedinagelpouchthatwouldn’tbreak,couldholdupto3/4cupofwater,andwouldlastinthefridgeforthreeweeks.Thoughshe’dliketoimprovetheEco-Herobymakingitabletoholdmorewater,shebelieveshercurrentversionwouldworkwellasareplacementforthepapercupsusedbyrunnersinraces.Alloneneedstodoisbiteaholeinthewaterball,drinkthewater,andtheneatthepouchorthrowitawaytobiodegrade.MadisonhopestheEco-Heroinspiresotherstotakebettercareoftheplanet.“Itdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetobeinabigway,”shetoldSmithsonian.“Peoplecanstillmakeadifferenceintheworld,evenifit’sjustinasmallway.”4.WhatinspiredMadison’sdesignofaneatablewaterbottle?A.Herschool’stask. B.Herfamily’surge.C.Herlovefornature. D.Hertripstothebeach.5.WhatcanweknowabouttheEco-Hero?A.Itisacopyofthepreviousversions.B.Itismadefromunbreakablematerials.C.Itisanimprovementinsizeanddurability.D.Ithasaholeandshouldbedisposedonceused.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMadison?A.Ambitiousandcreative. B.Talentedanddetermined.C.Courageousandconfident. D.Cooperativeandcommitted.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Agoodbeginningishalfdone. B.Smallpeoplemakebigmoves.C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了12歲的女孩Madison為了解決塑料瓶污染的問(wèn)題，發(fā)明了可食用的水瓶。4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottlesduringherfamily’stripstoCalifornia,the12-year-old‘justfeltlikethisneededtochange,’shetoldSmithsonianMagazine.(當(dāng)熱愛(ài)海灘的Madison在加利福尼亞的家庭旅行中注意到這些塑料瓶時(shí)，這位12歲的女孩‘覺(jué)得這需要改變’，她告訴《史密森尼雜志》)”可知，Madison在加利福尼亞的家庭旅行中發(fā)現(xiàn)海灘上有塑料瓶，這讓她產(chǎn)生了設(shè)計(jì)可食用水瓶的想法。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.(她還從以前的可食水瓶中獲得了靈感，不過(guò)她專注于讓自己的水瓶更大、更耐用)”可知，她設(shè)計(jì)的水瓶在體積和耐用性上有了改善。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Tobringherideatolife,Madisonbuiltuponthealreadyestablishedmethodbyexperimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.(為了將她的想法付諸實(shí)踐，Madison在已經(jīng)建立的方法的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)常見(jiàn)的食物材料進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)。她還從以前的可食水瓶中獲得了靈感，不過(guò)她專注于讓自己的水瓶更大、更耐用)”可推測(cè)出，Madison根據(jù)已經(jīng)建立的方法和從以前的可食用水瓶中獲得的靈感，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，由此可推測(cè)出，她是一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的（creative）人。根據(jù)第四段“‘Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwaswantingtohelptheworld,’theconfidentyounginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite.(這位自信的年輕發(fā)明家在網(wǎng)站上的一段視頻中說(shuō)：‘我對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目最大的抱負(fù)之一是想幫助世界?！?”可知，她有幫助世界的抱負(fù)，由此可推測(cè)出，她是一個(gè)有抱負(fù)的（ambitious）人。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段中Madison的話“Itdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetobeinabigway(這不一定要很大)”和“Peoplecanstillmakeadifferenceintheworld,evenifit’sjustinasmallway.(人們?nèi)匀豢梢栽谑澜缟嫌兴鳛?，即使只是在很小的方?”可知，年僅12歲的女孩Madison設(shè)計(jì)出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式幫助保護(hù)環(huán)境，她認(rèn)為人們不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影響，所以B項(xiàng)“小人物也能有大成就”適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選B。CDemographicchanges,suchasagingpopulationsanddecliningbirthrates,posechallengesaswellasofferopportunitiesforindustriesandcountries.Toovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunities,especiallytoachievelong-termeconomicsustainability,economiesneedtoenhancepoliciespromotinginnovations.NowmanycountriesinEastAsiaarefacingtheagingpopulationanddecliningworking-agepopulationproblem.Comparedwithotheradvancedcountries,Japanencounteredthepopulationagingproblemataslightlyearlierstage,startinginthemid-1990s.AsJapan’spercentageofelderlypopulationtothetotalpopulationincreased,itimpactedthecountry’seconomy,leadingtoacontractionindomesticdemandanddeclineinbothproductionandconsumption,andrestrictingthegrowthofeconomy.SomeinnovativecompanieshaveactivelyincreasedoutwardFDI(ForeignDirectInvestment),providingcostadvantagesfrominexpensiveoverseaslabortomaintaintheircostcompetitiveness.However,theglobaleconomyisfacingthechallengeofdecliningtradeowingtotheprotectionismpracticedbycertaincountries.Consequently,thechancesofboostinggrowththroughoutwardFDImaybelimited.Developingartificialintelligenceisanothersolutiontothenegativeimpactsofthedemographicchanges.AIandroboticswillplayacrucialroleinstimulatingproductivityandinnovationbymakingpaymentforthedeclineintheworking-agepopulation,andthefollowingincreaseinproductivitywillinturnraisethedemandforlaborbycreatingnewemploymentopportunities.AI,roboticsandotheradvancedtechnologiesgiverisetonewtaskswithintheirfieldsandacrossothersectors.Therefore,itisnecessarytoemploycooperationpoliciestosupportcorporationsthatpromoteinnovationsbyincreasinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopment,facilitatingthegrowthofnewcompanies,andbuildingaperfectsystemtoprotectintellectualproperties.SinceAIandroboticsmayreplacecertainjobs,itisessentialtoaddressthepotentialchallengestheymaycreateinthelabormarketandworkoutstrategiestoensureabalancedandcomprehensivetransition.8.Whatdoweknowaboutdemographicchangesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thereisnoneedtoworrysincethechangesofferopportunities.B.Thechangeswon’taffectthelong-termeconomicsustainability.C.Japanistheonlyadvancedcountryfacingthechangesatpresent.D.Thingsshouldbedonetoovercomethechallengesposedbythechanges.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contraction”meaninthesecondparagraph?A.Push. B.Decrease. C.Pause. D.Change.10.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetoFDI?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.11.Whatdoesthewriteradvisetotacklethenewtasksposedbyadvancedtechnologies?A.Withdrawinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopment.B.Adoptingpoliciesthatencourageinnovationofcorporations.C.Establishingnewcompaniestoprotectintellectualproperties.D.Creatingpotentiallabormarketformorepossibleemployments:【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章闡述了現(xiàn)在很多國(guó)家面臨人口結(jié)構(gòu)失衡的現(xiàn)象，它們把解決問(wèn)題的方法投向了人工智能領(lǐng)域。作者呼吁各國(guó)政府要出臺(tái)相應(yīng)政策支持人工智能的開(kāi)發(fā)，同時(shí)也要關(guān)注它可能帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Toovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunities,especiallytoachievelong-termeconomicsustainability,economiesneedtoenhancepoliciespromotinginnovations.(為克服挑戰(zhàn)、抓住機(jī)遇，特別是實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)性，各經(jīng)濟(jì)體需要加強(qiáng)促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新的政策)”可知，我們應(yīng)該采取措施來(lái)克服人口變化帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“AsJapan’spercentageofelderlypopulationtothetotalpopulationincreased,itimpactedthecountry’seconomy”以及后文“indomesticdemandanddeclineinbothproductionandconsumption,andrestrictingthegrowthofeconomy”可知，隨著日本老齡人口比例的上升，國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)受到影響，國(guó)內(nèi)需求“減少”，從而導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力和消費(fèi)下降，經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)也受到約束，故劃線詞意思是“減少”。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“SomeinnovativecompanieshaveactivelyincreasedoutwardFDI(ForeignDirectInvestment),providingcostadvantagesfrominexpensiveoverseaslabortomaintaintheircostcompetitiveness.However,theglobaleconomyisfacingthechallengeofdecliningtradeowingtotheprotectionismpracticedbycertaincountries.Consequently,thechancesofboostinggrowththroughoutwardFDImaybelimited.(一些創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)積極增加對(duì)外直接投資（FDI），利用海外廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)保持成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。然而，由于某些國(guó)家實(shí)行保護(hù)主義，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)正面臨貿(mào)易下降的挑戰(zhàn)。因此，通過(guò)對(duì)外直接投資促進(jìn)增長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)可能有限)”可推知，作者分別提到了FDI的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，即對(duì)FDI的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therefore,itisnecessarytoemploycooperationpoliciestosupportcorporationsthatpromoteinnovationsbyincreasinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopment,facilitatingthegrowthofnewcompanies,andbuildingaperfectsystemtoprotectintellectualproperties.(因此，有必要通過(guò)加大研發(fā)投入、促進(jìn)新企業(yè)成長(zhǎng)、建立完善的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度等合作政策，支持推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新的企業(yè))”可知，作者建議采取鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新的政策來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)先進(jìn)技術(shù)帶來(lái)的新任務(wù)。故選B。DFiguringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.Scientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextract(提取)anyDNAtracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods

—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA測(cè)序).SimilartoCOVIDtests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNAbarcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船艦),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.12.What’stheauthor’spurposeofmentioningtheexampleinParagraph2?A.ToexplaintheprocessofqPCRanalysismethod.B.TointroducethedefinitionofenvironmentalDNA.C.Totellthedifferencebetweentwoanalysismethods.D.ToshowthesimilaritybetweenqPCRandCOVIDtests.13.What’stheadvantageofeDNAsampling?A.Itcandetectspeciesfromphotosandvideos.B.Itcanhelpscientistscaptureendangeredspecies.C.Itenablesscientiststoworkininvisibleenvironment.D.Itcanidentifyanylivingcreaturewithasampleofit.14.WhatcouldeDNAdatabeappliedtointhefuture?A.Studyingmicrobialcommunities. B.Analyzingdiversitychangesovertime.C.Collectingspeciesinnewenvironments. D.Offeringstatisticsforoceansupervision.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughinundersearesearch.B.Rarespecieshavebeendiscoveredwithtwoanalysismethods.C.Newbiodiversitymonitoringtechniquesarearoundthecorner.D.Traditionalsurveymethodsareabandonedfortheirshortcomings.【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。新的生物多樣性監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)——環(huán)境DNA(eDNA)技術(shù)即將問(wèn)世，文章對(duì)其進(jìn)行了介紹?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods

—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA

測(cè)序 ).SimilartoCOVIDtests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.

Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.(然后他們使用兩種分析方法中的一種——定量PCR(qPCR)或DNA測(cè)序(DNA測(cè)序)。與COVID測(cè)試類似，qPCR用于檢測(cè)樣品中是否存在特定物種的DNA。例如，研究人員測(cè)試了河水的eDNA，看看是否存在瀕危魚(yú)類X。當(dāng)它被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，他們沒(méi)有直接看到它就能確認(rèn)魚(yú)生活在那條河里。)”可知，作者在第二段提到這個(gè)例子的目的是說(shuō)明qPCR分析方法的過(guò)程。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.(雖然eDNA采樣不能識(shí)別新物種，或者那些只從照片和視頻中知道的物種，如果它們沒(méi)有被列入?yún)⒖紨?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，但它的真正力量在于它能夠捕獲范圍廣泛的生物。只需一個(gè)樣本，科學(xué)家就可以在幾乎任何有生命存在的環(huán)境中探測(cè)到各種生物，從細(xì)菌到鯨魚(yú)，包括深海和地下洞穴。)”可知，eDNA取樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它可以用它的樣本識(shí)別任何生物。故選D。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船艦),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.(想象一下，未來(lái)eDNA數(shù)據(jù)可以由自動(dòng)駕駛車輛從最偏遠(yuǎn)的海洋收集，由無(wú)人機(jī)或研究船上進(jìn)行分析，并與其他監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合，這樣海洋管理者和公眾就可以看到有關(guān)海洋狀況的近實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。)”可知，eDNA數(shù)據(jù)在未來(lái)可以應(yīng)用于為海洋監(jiān)管提供統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，弄清楚生物多樣性的模式，探測(cè)稀有或善于隱藏的物種，一直是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)和保護(hù)工作的挑戰(zhàn)。傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)查方法是勞動(dòng)密集型的，覆蓋范圍有限。現(xiàn)在，新興的環(huán)境DNA(eDNA)技術(shù)開(kāi)啟了新的可能性。)”可知，文章主要是講新的生物多樣性監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)即將問(wèn)世。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題,每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下列短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。It’snosurprisethatthere’salinkbetweenexerciseandmentalhealth.Butscientistshavenowmadeitofficial:researchhasfoundadirectconnectionbetweenmovementandmood.Whydoesexerciseholdsomanybenefitsforourmentalhealth?____16____.Whenourmusclestighten,chainsofaminoacids(氨基酸)calledmyokines(肌細(xì)胞因子)arereleasedintothebloodstream.____17____.Thiscommunicationincreasesadaptationtostress,reducessymptomsofanxietyandhasadirecteffectondepression.ArecentstudypublishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicineshowedthattreatmentfordepressioncanbemuchmoreeffectivewhenphysicalactivityisaddedtotheusualcare.____18____.“Whileexerciseisnotasubstituteforprofessionalmentalhealthtreatment,physicalactivitycancomplementandenhancetheeffectsofthetreatment,”saysleadresearcherBenSingh,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSouthAustralia.Hesaysregularexerciseinagroupsettingcanboostself-esteemanddecreasefeelingsofisolationandloneliness.Exercisehelpsbuildkeyconnectionsbetweenthenetworkswithinthebrain,too.____19____.Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivitystimulatescreativity,sharpensjudgementskillsandimprovesmentalenergy.Itcanalsohelptoslowage-relatedcognitivedecline,possiblyevenslowingthepaceofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.____20____.Inthiswayyou’llkeepgoingbacktothem.Expertssuggestthatyouaimforaminimumof10to30minutes,threetofivedayseachweek.Gettingsweatyisgoodforyourbodyandmind.A.ItcanimproveoverallcognitiveperformanceB.TheyhelpyourmusclesandorganscommunicateC.Theanswer,studiessay,liesinourbrainchemistryD.HerearethesuggestionsthatyouaresupposedtopayattentiontoE.ItisamazingtoconsiderhowmovingourbodiescanaffectourmindsF.Togetthebiggesthealthboost,thekeyistobeengagedinsportsyouenjoyG.Participantsfoundbenefitsafter12weeksofexercisingfor30to60minutesaday【答案】16.C17.B18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)心理健康有著積極作用，并闡述運(yùn)動(dòng)和情緒之間存在直接聯(lián)系的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whydoesexerciseholdsomanybenefitsforourmentalhealth?(為什么運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)我們的心理健康有這么多好處？)”可知，本句主要回答上文的問(wèn)題，結(jié)合后文“Whenourmusclestighten,chainsofaminoacids(氨基酸)calledmyokines(肌細(xì)胞因子)arereleasedintothebloodstream.(當(dāng)我們的肌肉收緊時(shí)，被稱為肌促因子的氨基酸鏈被釋放到血液中)”提到chainsofaminoacids氨基酸鏈的被釋放，體現(xiàn)了正是C選項(xiàng)中chemistry的體現(xiàn)。故C選項(xiàng)“研究表明，答案在于我們大腦中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenourmusclestighten,chainsofaminoacids(氨基酸)calledmyokines(肌細(xì)胞因子)arereleasedintothebloodstream.(當(dāng)我們的肌肉收緊時(shí)，被稱為肌促因子的氨基酸鏈被釋放到血液中)”以及后文“Thiscommunicationincreasesadaptationtostress,reducessymptomsofanxietyandhasadirecteffectondepression.(這種交流增加了對(duì)壓力的適應(yīng)，減少了焦慮的癥狀，并對(duì)抑郁有直接影響)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明氨基酸鏈的具體作用，B選項(xiàng)中they指代空格前chainsofaminoacids，和空格后Thiscommunication指選項(xiàng)yourmusclesandorganscommunicate。故B選項(xiàng)“它們幫助你的肌肉和器官交流”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ArecentstudypublishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicineshowedthattreatmentfordepressioncanbemuchmoreeffectivewhenphysicalactivityisaddedtotheusualcare.(最近發(fā)表在《英國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，如果在日常護(hù)理中加入體育活動(dòng)，抑郁癥的治療會(huì)更有效)”以及后文““Whileexerciseisnotasubstituteforprofessionalmentalhealthtreatment,physicalactivitycancomplementandenhancetheeffectsofthetreatment,”saysleadresearcherBenSingh,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSouthAustralia.Hesaysregularexerciseinagroupsettingcanboostself-esteemanddecreasefeelingsofisolationandloneliness.(南澳大利亞大學(xué)研究員、首席研究員本·辛格說(shuō):“雖然運(yùn)動(dòng)不能代替專業(yè)的心理健康治療，但體育活動(dòng)可以補(bǔ)充并增強(qiáng)治療效果?！彼f(shuō)，在團(tuán)體環(huán)境中定期鍛煉可以增強(qiáng)自尊，減少孤立感和孤獨(dú)感)”可知，本句主要就上文加入體育活動(dòng)展開(kāi)具體說(shuō)明，且此處涉及研究，推測(cè)本句與研究中的參與者有關(guān)。故G選項(xiàng)“參與者在12周后發(fā)現(xiàn)每天鍛煉30到60分鐘是有益的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Exercisehelpsbuildkeyconnectionsbetweenthenetworkswithinthebrain,too.(鍛煉也有助于建立大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的關(guān)鍵連接)”以及后文“Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivitystimulatescreativity,sharpensjudgementskillsandimprovesmentalenergy.Itcanalsohelptoslowage-relatedcognitivedecline,possiblyevenslowingthepaceofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.(研究表明，體育活動(dòng)可以激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，提高判斷能力，提高精神能量。它還可以幫助減緩與年齡相關(guān)的認(rèn)知衰退，甚至可能減緩阿爾茨海默病的發(fā)展速度)”可知，本句主要是在說(shuō)明體育活動(dòng)對(duì)人的大腦的具體好處，故A選項(xiàng)“它可以提高整體認(rèn)知能力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Inthiswayyou’llkeepgoingbacktothem.Expertssuggestthatyouaimforaminimumof10to30minutes,threetofivedayseachweek.Gettingsweatyisgoodforyourbodyandmind.(這樣你就會(huì)不斷回到他們身邊。專家建議，你的目標(biāo)是每周至少鍛煉3到5天，每次10到30分鐘。出汗對(duì)你的身心都有好處)”可知，該空位于文章末段，起到總結(jié)作用，另外空格后面Inthisway對(duì)應(yīng)F選項(xiàng)中tobeengagedinsportsyouenjoy，them指代sports。故F選項(xiàng)“為了最大程度地促進(jìn)健康，關(guān)鍵是要參加你喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。In2014,asophomorestudentattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtswentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo.Littledidheknowthatachance____21____attheaquarium(水族館)therewouldlightalifelongpassion.Fast-forwardtotoday,Xu,aBeijingnative,has____22____tothetropicalislandofSouthChina’sHainanprovince,whereheservesasacoral____23____foraSanya-basedtropicalbiologicallaboratoryattachedtotheChineseAcademyofSciences.Eachday,hespendsseveralhoursdivingdeepunderthewavestoobserveand____24____thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreaturesthat____25____himallthoseyearsago.Xu,whoisnicknamed“coralman”,is____26____engagedonsuchsocialmediaplatformsasSinaWeibo,whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals.Heaimsto____27____individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole.ForXu,whohadbeenstudyingPekingOperasincechildhood,becomingacoralconservationistwasan____28____turnofevents.Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium,hebeganto____29____thelocalmarkettolearnaboutcoral_____30_____frommerchantswhoselldecorativeplants,fishandcorals.Healso_____31_____informationonline.Beforelong,hehadsetupasmallfishtankathomeandstartedcultivatingacoral.“Thecoralorganismisquitesensitivetoitsenvironmentandhasextremelyhigh_____32_____forwaterquality,”recallsXu.“WhenIstartedgrowingcoral,itsstatewasnot_____33_____.”ButasXugainedmore_____34_____aboutcoral,includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewatertemperatureandpHlevels,hiscoralgraduallystartedtoflourish.Healsolearnedthatcoralreefsareknownas“tropicalrainforests”and“underwatergardens”oftheocean,providinga_____35_____foraquarterofallseacreatures.21.A.accident B.encounter C.application D.performance22.A.moved B.driven C.appealed D.signaled23.A.educator B.ambassador C.artist D.conservationist24.A.approve B.increase C.document D.smooth25.A.separated B.relieved C.preserved D.fascinated26.A.actively B.finally C.universally D.skillfully27.A.teach B.arrange C.encourage D.force28.A.impractical B.unexpected C.unfortunate D.unacceptable29.A.frequent B.expand C.manage D.improve30.A.selling B.observing C.farming D.decorating31.A.answeredfor B.broughtin C.searchedfor D.gaveout32.A.requirements B.reputations C.periods D.priorities33.A.pure B.good C.confusing D.strict34.A.evidence B.care C.equipment D.knowledge35.A.map B.home C.platform D.container【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.D26.A27.C28.B29.A30.C31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了中國(guó)戲曲學(xué)院的學(xué)生徐一唐因一次在水族館內(nèi)邂逅珊瑚的經(jīng)歷而對(duì)珊瑚產(chǎn)生了終生的熱愛(ài)，他后來(lái)成了一名珊瑚保護(hù)主義者?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他不知道，在水族館的一次偶遇會(huì)點(diǎn)燃他一生的激情。A.accident事故；B.encounter相遇，邂逅；C.application申請(qǐng)；D.performance表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“wentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo”和下文中的“Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium”可知，他和朋友一起去北京動(dòng)物園慶生，并沒(méi)有特意計(jì)劃，他在這里第一次見(jiàn)到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族館遇到了珊瑚。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：快進(jìn)到今天，北京人徐已經(jīng)搬到了中國(guó)南部海南省的熱帶島嶼，在那里他是中國(guó)科學(xué)院附屬的三亞熱帶生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室的珊瑚保護(hù)主義者。A.moved移動(dòng)，搬遷；B.driven駕車；C.appealed呼吁；D.signaled發(fā)信號(hào)。根據(jù)空后的“tothetropicalislandofSouthChina’sHainanprovince,whereheservesasacoral____3____”可知，身為北京人的徐一唐搬到了海南的熱帶島嶼上工作。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.educator教育工作者；B.ambassador大使；C.artist藝術(shù)家；D.conservationist環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者。根據(jù)下文中的“Xu,whoisnicknamed‘coralman’”和“Heaimsto____7____individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole.”可知，他致力于保護(hù)珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保護(hù)主義者。下文中的“becomingacoralconservationist”也是提示。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每天，他都要花幾個(gè)小時(shí)深入海浪下，觀察和記錄這些年前讓他著迷的生物的生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展。A.approve同意；B.increase（使）增長(zhǎng)；C.document記錄；D.smooth使平滑，使光滑。根據(jù)空后的“thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreatures”可知，這里表示觀察和記錄珊瑚的生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.separated（使）分開(kāi)；B.relieved解除，減輕；C.preserved保護(hù)；D.fascinated深深吸引，迷住。根據(jù)上文中的“l(fā)ightalifelongpassion”可知，他對(duì)珊瑚深深迷戀。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：被戲稱為“珊瑚俠”的徐活躍在新浪微博等社交媒體平臺(tái)上，他經(jīng)常在那里分享珊瑚的驚人視覺(jué)照片和娛樂(lè)視頻。A.actively積極地；B.finally最終，最后；C.universally全體地；D.skillfully熟練地。根據(jù)句中的“whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals”可知，他經(jīng)常在社交媒體平臺(tái)上分享珊瑚的照片和視頻，所以他在這些媒體上很活躍。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他旨在鼓勵(lì)個(gè)人采取行動(dòng)，保護(hù)珊瑚礁和整個(gè)海洋。A.teach教；B.arrange安排；C.encourage鼓勵(lì)；D.force迫使。根據(jù)空后的“individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole”可知，他想通過(guò)這種方式鼓勵(lì)人們行動(dòng)起來(lái)，保護(hù)珊瑚礁和整個(gè)海洋。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于從小學(xué)習(xí)京劇的徐來(lái)說(shuō)，成為一名珊瑚保護(hù)主義者是一個(gè)意想不到的轉(zhuǎn)折。A.imp