英語構(gòu)詞法完整版本

（二）構(gòu)詞法英語的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：派生法、合成法和轉(zhuǎn)換法。1．派生法在一個(gè)單詞上加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的新詞的方法叫派生法．

(l）前綴：前綴一般不改變單詞的詞類，只改變詞義，前綴中有相當(dāng)一部分構(gòu)成反義詞①表示否定的前綴：un一unhappyuntrueuncertainnon一nonstopnon一drinkernon一metaldis

一disappeardisagreedislikein一indirectinactiveinactionim

一impossibleimpoliteimprobableir

一irregularirrelative②表示“相反”、“取消”的前綴：

un一unlockuncloseuncoverdis

一disorderdisablediscover③表示“不好、壞、錯(cuò)”的前綴：

mis

一misdoingmisunderstandingmisjudge④表示其他意思的前綴：

a一abroadasleepen一enlargeenjoyre一returnrebuildpre一prepayprehistory(2）后綴：后綴往往改變單詞的詞類，詞義基本上和原來的詞根一致。

①名詞性后綴：一alarrivaltrialfestival一anphysicianEuropeanmusician一erteacherworkerwriter一icpoeticmusicclassic一oractorsailorvisitor一shipfriendshipleadershiprelationship

一tiontranslationcorrectioninvention一siondiscussiondecisionmission一mentmovementdevelopmentargument一istscientistphysicistpianist一ismrealismcriticismsocialism一nesshappinessbusinessillness②動(dòng)詞性后綴：一en，一ize

，一fy

quickenwiden

realizemodernizesimplifybeautify(3）形容詞性后綴：一alnationalnaturalphysical一fulbeautifulusefulgrateful一lesscarelessuselesshopeless

一lyfriendlylovelylively一iveactiveattractivedecisive一ousfamousdangerouspoisonous一ablesuitablemovableconsiderable一edretireddevelopedinterested一ingexcitinginterestingmoving(4）副詞性后綴：一lybeautifullyhopefullyreallyhappily一wardsonwardsupwardsforwards(5）數(shù)詞后綴：一teenfourteenthirteeneighteen一thninthtenthtwelfth一tysixtyfiftyforty2．合成法由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞結(jié)合成一個(gè)新詞的方法叫合成法，所構(gòu)成的新詞叫合成詞。合成詞詞例handwritinghighwayfootballbirthdaywhitewashtime-savingpeace-lovinghistory-makingfreedom-lovingjob-huntingnewspaperschoolyardfootprintfingerprintsunrisesunsetearthquakeheadacheglasshouseeverywheresightseeingwheneverplaygroundmaybeanyonemyselfoverthrowsnow-coveredman-madestate-ownedpasser-byworn-outup-to-datebusdriverwarm-heartedbusstopicecreamself-improvementcellphonepostofficewritingdeskhorseridingoilwellkeyboardteamworkbest-sellerseafoodsecond-handgood-lookingpaper-thinlife-longlife-or-deathwatergatedancehallgreenhouseblackboardmainlandsleeping-pilldining-carwaterfallcomrade-in-armshomesickmanlikesnow-whitelight-yellowlifeboatblueprintbodyguardthunderstormbedroombreakthroughblue-eyedreading-roomgrasslandfruittreeshorthandbookcasebookstorerailwayovercomeiron-heartediron-willedsleep-walkblacklistpolicemanreadinglamppasswordfirst-rateface-to-facedie-handsunbathinghard-workingfarseeingdownstairsnewcomerraincoatworkbookinlandrainfallbittersweetevergreenwell-preparedwell-writtenwell-knownfull-timepart-timeeasy-goingready-madehard-wonundergroundindoorgood-temperednoble-mindedsimple-minded3

．轉(zhuǎn)換法一個(gè)單詞不借助詞綴而由一種詞類直接轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種詞類的方法叫轉(zhuǎn)換法。轉(zhuǎn)換詞的詞形不變，讀音基本不變或稍有變化，詞義基本不變或稍有引申。1.n.v.(1)boatWecrossedtheriverinaboat.Wegoboatingonthelakeeveryweekend.1.n.v.(2)bookHeisreadingabookaboutShakespeare.I’dliketobookthreeseatsfortonight’sconcert.1.n.v.(3)headHefellandhithishead.Heheadedthegovernment.Heheadedstraightforthebar.2.v.n.(1)payWepaid50,000$forourhouse.Areyoupayingincashorbycheque?Hedoesn’tlikethejob,butthepayisgood.3.a.v.(1)rightYouareright.Turnright!Pleaserightthewrong!3.a.v.(2)dirtyThewhiteglovesaredirty.Don’tdirtyyournewdress!Itiseasytogetinbadeatinghabits.Youmayeatyourbreakfastinahurriedtogettoschoolontimeoryoumaynothavetimeforagoodlunch.ItmayseemeasyfinishyourSupperwithfishandchipsallthetimes.Butyouwillfindyoutiredinthesedaysyoucannotthinkquickly.Watchingthatyoueatwillhelpyourbodyhealthandstrong.Itisalsogoodtotakesomeexercise.Itwillhelpyoueatm