《水處理技術(shù)（雙語）》課件-四種水處理常見絮凝藥劑

Fourcommonflocculationagentsforwatertreatment四種水處理常見絮凝藥劑一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride聚合氯化鋁是一種無機高分子混凝劑。主要通過壓縮雙層、吸附電中和、吸附架橋、沉淀物網(wǎng)捕等機理作用，使水中細微懸浮粒子和膠體離子脫穩(wěn)，聚集、絮凝、混凝、沉淀，達到凈化處理效果。Polymericaluminiumchlorideisaninorganicpolymericcoagulant.Mainlythroughcompressionofthedoublelayer,adsorptionofelectricneutralization,adsorptionofbridging,precipitatesnetworkcaptureandothermechanisms,sothatfinesuspendedparticlesandcolloidalionsinwaterdestabilization,aggregation,flocculation,coagulation,precipitation,toachievepurificationtreatmenteffect.

應(yīng)用范圍廣，適應(yīng)水性廣泛。Widerangeofapplicationandwideadaptationtowater.易快速形成大的礬花，沉淀性能好。Easytoformlargealumflowersquicklyandgoodprecipitationperformance.適宜的PH值范圍較寬（5－9），且處理后水的PH值和堿度下降小。ThesuitablePHvaluerangeiswide(5-9),andthePHvalueandalkalinityoftreatedwaterdecreaselittle.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride1.主要特點MainFeatures一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride1.主要特點MainFeatures

水溫低時，仍可保持穩(wěn)定的沉淀效果。Whenthewatertemperatureislow,itcanstillmaintainstableprecipitationeffect.堿化度比其它鋁鹽、鐵鹽高，對設(shè)備侵蝕作用小。Thealkalinityishigherthanotheraluminumandironsalts,andithaslesserosiveeffectontheequipment.液體產(chǎn)品為無色、淡黃色、淡灰色或棕褐色透明或半透明液體，無沉淀。Theliquidproductisacolorless,lightyellow,lightgrayortantransparentortranslucentliquidwithoutprecipitation.固體產(chǎn)品是白色、淡灰色、淡黃色或棕褐色晶?；蚍勰?。Thesolidproductiswhite,lightgray,lightyelloworbrownishcrystalsorpowder.一、PACI.PolyaluminiumChloride一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride2.物化性質(zhì)Physicalandchemicalproperties與常溫水按1：3的重量比邊攪拌邊投加，至完全溶解后，再加水稀釋到所需要濃度，具體投加時，應(yīng)根據(jù)水質(zhì)情況選出最佳投加量而后投用。Mixwithroomtemperaturewaterataratioof1:3byweight,andthenaddwatertodilutetotherequiredconcentrationaftercompletedissolution.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride3.使用方法Methodofuse產(chǎn)品應(yīng)存放在室內(nèi)干燥，通風(fēng)、陰涼處，且勿受潮。

Theproductshouldbestoredindoorsinadry,ventilatedandcoolplace,andshouldnotbeexposedtomoisture.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride4.儲存Storage

PAC是水凈化領(lǐng)域的重要混凝劑，對低溫、低濁及高濁水具有高效凈化作用。PACisanimportantcoagulantinthefieldofwaterpurification.Itishighlyeffectiveinpurifyinglowtemperature,lowturbidityandhighturbiditywater,anditisimportanttoensureitspurityinwaterpurification由于其單體與有機物反應(yīng)會生成危害人體健康的物質(zhì)，所以保證其純度在水凈化中顯得很重要。

Becauseitsmonomerreactswithorganicmattertoproducesubstancesthatarehazardoustohumanhealth.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride5.主要應(yīng)用Mainapplications水處理劑聚合氯化鋁產(chǎn)品有腐蝕性，如不慎濺到皮膚上，要立即用水沖洗干凈。Watertreatmentagentpolymericaluminumchlorideproductsarecorrosive,ifinadvertentlysplashedontheskin,immediatelyflushwithwater.

使用本品的工作人員要穿工作服、戴口罩、手套、穿長筒膠靴。Staffusingthisproductshouldwearoveralls,masks,glovesandlongrubberboots.聚合氯化鋁產(chǎn)品無燃燒和爆炸危險。Thereisnodangerofcombustionandexplosionofpolymericaluminumchlorideproducts.一、PACPolyaluminiumChloride6.安全衛(wèi)生與防護Safety,hygieneandprotection

聚丙烯酰胺為水溶性高分子聚合物，不溶于大多數(shù)有機溶劑，具有良好的絮凝性，可以降低液體之間的磨擦阻力，按離子特性分可分為非離子、陰離子、陽離子和兩性型四種類型。

Polyacrylamideisawater-solublepolymer,insolubleinmostorganicsolvents,withgoodflocculation,canreducethefrictionresistancebetweenliquids,accordingtotheioniccharacteristicscanbedividedintofourtypesofnon-ionic,anionic,cationicandamphoteric.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide1.絮團的大?。盒鯃F太小會影響排水的速度，絮團太大會使絮團約束較多水而降低泥餅干度。經(jīng)過選擇聚丙烯酰胺的分子量能夠調(diào)整絮團的大小。Sizeoffloc:toosmallflocwillaffectthespeedofdrainage,toolargeflocwillmaketheflocboundmorewaterandreducethemudcookiedegree.Bychoosingthemolecularweightofpolyacrylamide,thesizeoffloccanbeadjusted.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（一）注意事項(i)Notes2.污泥特性。陽離子聚丙烯酰胺用于處置有機污泥，相對的陰離子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝劑用于無機污泥，堿性很強時用陽離子聚丙烯酰胺，而酸性很強時不宜用陰離子聚丙烯酰胺，含量高時污泥通常聚丙烯酰胺的用量也大。Sludgecharacteristics.Cationicpolyacrylamideisusedfordisposaloforganicsludge,relativeanionicpolyacrylamideflocculantisusedforinorganicsludge,cationicpolyacrylamideisusedwhenalkalineisverystrong,whileanionicpolyacrylamideisnotsuitablewhenacidisverystrong,andtheamountofsludgeusuallypolyacrylamideislargewhenthecontentishigh.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（一）注意事項(i)Notes3.聚丙烯酰胺的溶解：溶解良好才充沛發(fā)揮絮凝作用。Dissolutionofpolyacrylamide:dissolvewelltofullyplaytheroleofflocculation.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（一）注意事項(i)Notes1.絮凝性：PAM能使懸浮物質(zhì)通過電中和，架橋吸附作用，起絮凝作用。Flocculation:PAMcanmakethesuspendedmaterialflocculatebyelectricneutralizationandbridgeadsorption.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（二）產(chǎn)品使用特性(ii)productusecharacteristics2.粘合性：能通過機械的、物理的、化學(xué)的作用，起粘合作用。Adhesion:canactasabondthroughmechanical,physicalandchemicalaction.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（二）產(chǎn)品使用特性(ii)productusecharacteristics3.降阻性：PAM能有效地降低流體的摩擦阻力.Resistancereduction:PAMcaneffectivelyreducethefrictionalresistanceofthefluid.4.增稠性：PAM在中性和酸條件下均有增稠作用，當PH值在10以上PAM易水解。Thickening:PAMhasthickeningeffectinneutralandacidconditions,whenthePHvalueisabove10PAMiseasytohydrolyze.1.絮凝作用原理：PAM用于絮凝時，與被絮凝物種類表面性質(zhì)，特別是動電位，粘度、濁度及懸浮液的PH值有關(guān)，顆粒表面的動電位，是顆粒阻聚的原因加入表面電荷相反的PAM，能使動電位降低而凝聚。Flocculationprinciple:WhenPAMisusedforflocculation,itisrelatedtothesurfacepropertiesoftheflocculatedmaterial,especiallythekineticpotential,viscosity,turbidityandpHvalueofthesuspension.ThekineticpotentialonthesurfaceoftheparticlesisthereasonforparticlecoagulationbyaddingPAMwithoppositesurfacecharge,whichcanmakethekineticpotentialdecreaseandcoagulation.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（三）作用原理(iii)Principleofaction2.吸附架橋：PAM分子鏈固定在不同的顆粒表面上，各顆粒之間形成聚合物的橋，使顆粒形成聚集體而沉降。Adsorptionbridging:PAMmolecularchainsarefixedonthesurfaceofdifferentparticles,andbridgesofpolymersareformedbetweeneachparticle,sothattheparticlesformaggregatesandsettle.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（三）作用原理(iii)Principleofaction3.表面吸附：PAM分子上的極性基團顆粒的各種吸附。Surfaceadsorption:variousadsorptionofpolargroupparticlesonPAMmolecules.4.增強作用：PAM分子鏈與分散相通過種種機械、物理、化學(xué)等作用，將分散相牽連在一起，形成網(wǎng)狀。Enhancement:ThePAMmolecularchainandthedispersedphasearelinkedtogethertoformanetworkthroughvariousmechanical,physicalandchemicaleffects.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（三）作用原理(iii)Principleofaction1.重力投加：Gravitydosing利用重力將藥劑投加在水泵吸水管內(nèi)或者吸水井的吸水喇叭口處，利用水泵葉輪混合。Usinggravity,theagentisinjectedintothesuctionpipeofthepumporatthesuctionhornofthesuctionwellandmixedusingthepumpimpeller.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（四）藥劑加藥方式(iv)pharmaceuticaldosingmethod2.壓力投加：Pressuredosing利用水泵或者水射器將藥劑投加到原水管中，適用于將藥劑投加到壓力水管中，或者需要投加到標高較高、距離較遠的凈水構(gòu)筑物內(nèi)。Theuseofpumpsorwaterjetstoinjectpharmaceuticalsintotherawwaterpipeissuitableforinjectingpharmaceuticalsintothepressurewaterpipeorintowaterpurificationstructuresthatneedtobeinjectedatahigherelevationandatagreaterdistance.二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（四）藥劑加藥方式(iv)pharmaceuticaldosingmethod二、PAMIIPolyacrylamide（四）藥劑加藥方式(iv)pharmaceuticaldosingmethod3.水泵投加：Pumpdosing水泵投加是在溶液池中提升藥液到壓力管中，有直接采用計量泵和采用耐酸從而起增強作用。Waterpumpdosingistolifttheliquidinthesolutionpooltothepressurepipe,thereisadirectuseofmeteringpumpsandtheuseofacid-resistantsoastoenhancetherole.

氫氧化鈣是一種白色粉末狀固體。又名消石灰。

Calciumhydroxideisawhitepowderedsolid.Alsoknownasslakedlime.三、氫氧化鈣III.Calciumhydroxide氫氧化鈣具有堿的通性，是一種強堿。氫氧化鈣的堿性比氫氧化鈉強（金屬活動性：鈣>鈉），但由于氫氧化鈣的溶解度比氫氧化鈉小得多，所以氫氧化鈣溶液的腐蝕性和堿性比氫氧化鈉小。

Calciumhydroxidehasthegeneralityofabaseandisastrongbase.Calciumhydroxideismorebasicthansodiumhydroxide(metalactivity:calcium>sodium),butbecausethesolubilityofcalciumhydroxideismuchsmallerthanthatofsodiumhydroxide,thesolutionofcalciumhydroxideislesscorrosiveandbasicthanthatofsodiumhydroxide.這些性質(zhì)決定了氫氧化鈣有廣泛的應(yīng)用。

Thesepropertiesdeterminethatcalciumhydroxidehasawiderangeofapplications.三、氫氧化鈣III.Calciumhydroxide

其粉塵或懸浮液滴對粘膜有刺激作用，能引起噴嚏和咳嗽，和堿一樣能使脂肪皂化，從皮膚吸收水分、溶解蛋白質(zhì)、刺激及腐蝕組織。

Itsdustorsuspendeddropletshaveanirritatingeffectonmucousmembranes,cancausesneezingandcoughing,andlikealkalicansaponifyfats,absorbwaterfromtheskin,dissolveproteins,irritateandcorrodetissues.三、氫氧化鈣III.Calciumhydroxide1.氫氧化鈣毒性防護Calciumhydroxidetoxicityprotection

吸入石灰粉塵可能引起肺炎。最高容許濃度為5mg/m3。吸入粉塵時，可吸入水蒸氣、可待因及猶奧寧，在胸廓處涂芥末膏；當落入眼內(nèi)時，可用流水盡快沖洗，再用5%氯化銨溶液或0.01%CaNa2-EDTA溶液沖洗，然后將0.5%地卡因溶液滴入。

Inhalationoflimedustmaycausepneumonia.Themaximumpermissibleconcentrationis5mg/m3.Wheninhalingdust,inhalewatervapor,codeineanduvain,andapplymustardcreamatthethorax;whenitfallsintotheeyes,rinsewithrunningwaterassoonaspossible,thenrinsewith5%ammoniumchloridesolutionor0.01%CaNa2-EDTAsolution,andthenput0.5%dicainesolutionintothedrops.三、氫氧化鈣III.Calciumhydroxide工作時應(yīng)注意保護呼吸器官，穿戴用防塵纖維制的工作服、手套、密閉防塵眼鏡，并涂含油脂的軟膏，以防止粉塵吸入。

Whenworking,attentionshouldbepaidtotheprotectionofrespiratoryorgans,wearingworkclothesmadeofdustprooffibers,gloves,airtightdustproofglasses,andointmentcontaininggreasetopreventdustinhalation.三、氫氧化鈣III.Calciumhydroxide

用內(nèi)襯聚乙烯塑料薄膜袋的塑料編織袋包裝，每袋凈重25kg。

Packedinplasticwovenbagslinedwithpolyethyleneplasticfilmbags,netweight25kgperbag.三、氫氧化鈣III.Calciumhydroxide2.包裝儲運Packaging,storageandtransportation應(yīng)貯存在干燥的庫房中,嚴防潮濕。

Itshouldbestoredinadrywarehousetopreventmoisture.

三、氫氧化鈣III.Calciumhydroxide2.包裝儲運Packaging,storageandtransportation避免與酸類物質(zhì)共貯混運。

Avoidstoringandtransportingtogetherwithacids.運輸時要防雨淋。

Protectfromrainwhentransporting.失火時，可用水，砂土或一般滅火器撲救。

Incaseoffire,itcanbeputoutwithwater,sandorgeneralfireextinguisher.

細膩的白色粉末。相對密度2.24。加熱至580℃脫水成氧化鈣，在空氣中吸收二氧化碳而成碳酸鈣。

Finewhitepowder.Relativedensity2.24.dehydratedintocalciumoxidewhenheatedto580℃,andcalciumcarbonatewhenabsorbingcarbondioxideintheair.三、氫氧化鈣III.Calciumhydroxide3.物化性質(zhì)Physicalandchemicalproperties溶于酸、銨鹽、甘油，微溶于水，不溶于醇，有強堿性，對皮膚、織物有腐蝕作用。

Solubleinacid,ammoniumsalt,glycerin,slightlysolubleinwater,insolubleinalcohol,stronglyalkaline,corrosivetoskinandfabric.氯化鈣，化學(xué)式CaCl2·2H20白色晶體或塊狀物。熔點782℃，沸點1600℃，密度2.15克/厘米3（25℃）。

Calciumchloride,chemicalformulaCaCl2-2H20whitecrystalorlump.Meltingpoint782℃,boilingpoint1600℃,density2.15g/cm3(25℃).四、氯化鈣IV.Calciumchloride

氯化鈣在水中的溶解度很大，0℃時100克水能溶解59.5克氯化鈣，100℃時溶解159克。

Thesolubilityofcalciumchlorideinwaterisverylarge,100gramsofwatercandissolve59.5gramsofcalciumchlorideat0°Cand159gramsat100°C.能形成含1、2、4、6個結(jié)晶水的水合物，無色立方結(jié)晶體，白色或灰白色，有粒狀、蜂窩塊狀、圓球狀、不規(guī)則顆粒狀、粉末狀。無毒、無臭、味微苦。

Canformhydratecontaining1,2,4,6crystallinewater,colorlesscubiccrystals,whiteoroff-white,granular,honeycombblock,spherical,irregulargranular,powder.Non-toxic,odorless,slightlybittertaste.四、氯化鈣IV.Calciumchloride侵入途徑：粉塵吸入，食入

Routesofinvasion:dustinhalation,ingestion．四、氯化鈣IV.Calciumchloride1.危險性概述HazardOverview健康危害：粉塵會灼燒、刺激鼻腔、口、喉，還可引起鼻出血和破壞鼻組織；

Healthhazards:dustcanburn,irritatethenose,mouthandthroat,andcanalsocausenasalbleedinganddestructionofnasaltissue;干粉會刺激皮膚，溶液會嚴重刺激甚至灼傷皮膚

Drypowdercanirritatetheskin,andthesolutioncanseriouslyirritateorevenburntheskin．

皮膚接觸：

脫去污染的衣著，用大量流動清水沖洗。

Skincontact:Removecontaminatedclothingandrinsewithplentyofrunningwater.四、氯化鈣IV.Calciumchloride1.危險性概述HazardOverview眼睛接觸：提起眼瞼，用流動清水或生理鹽水沖洗。就醫(yī)。

Eyecontact:Lifteyelidsandflushwithrunningwaterorsaline.Seekmedicalattention.

四、氯化鈣IV.Calciumchloride1.危險性概述HazardOverview吸入：脫離現(xiàn)場至空氣新鮮處。如呼吸困難，給輸氧。就醫(yī)。食入