《水處理技術(shù)（雙語）》課件-污水處理用閥門概述

Overviewofvalvesforwastewatertreatment污水處理用閥門概述閥門是管道的附件，用來控制流體流量、壓力、流向。被控制的流體可以是液體、氣體、氣液混合體或固液混合體。Valvesareaccessoriesforpipelinestocontrolfluidflow,pressure,anddirectionofflow.Thefluidtobecontrolledcanbealiquid,gas,gas-liquidmixtureorsolid-liquidmixture.閥門的基本參數(shù)Basicparametersofthevalve對于配備于管道上的各類閥門，常用公稱壓力和公稱通徑作為基本參數(shù)Forthevarioustypesofvalvesequippedonthepipeline,nominalpressureandnominaldiameterarecommonlyusedasthebasicparameters.

閥門的基本參數(shù)包括工作壓力（PN）、工作溫度（T）和公稱通徑（DN）。

Thebasicparametersofthevalveincludeworkingpressure(PN),workingtemperature(T)andnominaldiameter(DN).閥門的基本參數(shù)Basicparametersofthevalve公稱通徑是指閥體與管道連接端部的名義內(nèi)徑，同一公稱直徑的閥門與管路以及管路附件均能相互連接，具有互換性。

Nominaldiameterreferstothenominalinnerdiameterofthevalvebodyandpipelineconnectionend,thesamenominaldiameterofthevalveandpipelineandpipelineaccessoriescanbeinterconnected,withinterchangeability.公稱壓力是指某種材料的閥門在規(guī)定的溫度下，所允許承受的最大工作壓力。

Nominalpressureisthemaximumworkingpressurethatavalveofacertainmaterialisallowedtowithstandataspecifiedtemperature.閥門分類Valveclassification

按閥門的作用不同，可分為：截斷閥、止回閥、安全閥、調(diào)節(jié)閥、分流閥。Accordingtothedifferentrolesofvalves,theycanbedividedinto:cut-offvalves,checkvalves,safetyvalves,regulatingvalves,divertervalves.（1）截斷閥：又稱閉路閥，其作用是接通或截斷管路中的介質(zhì)。Cut-offvalve:alsoknownasclosedcircuitvalve,itsroleistoconnectorcutoffthemediuminthepipeline.（2）止回閥：又稱單向閥或逆止閥，其作用是防止管路中介質(zhì)倒流。Checkvalve:alsoknownasone-wayvalveorcheckvalve,itsroleistopreventthebackflowofmediainthepipeline.（3）安全閥：其作用是防止管路或裝置中介質(zhì)壓力超過規(guī)定數(shù)值，以保護后續(xù)設(shè)備的安全運行。Safetyvalve:Itsfunctionistopreventthemediumpressureinthepipelineordevicefromexceedingthespecifiedvalueinordertoprotectthesafeoperationofsubsequentequipment.圖為安全閥Safetyvalves圖為止回閥Checkvalves圖為截斷閥Cut-offvalves圖為調(diào)節(jié)閥Regulatingvalves圖為分流閥Divertervalve（4）調(diào)節(jié)閥：其作用是調(diào)節(jié)介質(zhì)壓力、流量等參數(shù)，調(diào)節(jié)閥有不同的分類方法。按用途和作用可分為：主要用于關(guān)閉或接通介質(zhì)的兩位閥和主要用于調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)閥以及切斷閥。Controlvalve:itsroleistoadjustthemediumpressure,flowandotherparameters,controlvalveshavedifferentclassificationmethods.Accordingtotheuseandrolecanbedividedinto:twovalvesmainlyusedtocloseorconnectthemediumandmainlyusedtoregulatethesystemofregulatingvalvesandcut-offvalves.（5）分流閥：包括各種分配閥和疏水閥，其作用是分配、分離或混合管路中的介質(zhì)。

Divertervalves:Theseincludeavarietyofdistributionvalvesandtrapsthatservetodistribute,separate,ormixthemediainthepipeline.閥門分類Valveclassification按閥門驅(qū)動方式分為：自動閥、動力驅(qū)動閥、手動閥。Accordingtothevalvedrivemode:automaticvalve,power-drivenvalve,manualvalve.（1）自動閥：指不需外力驅(qū)動，而是依靠介質(zhì)自身的能量來使閥門動作的閥門。Automaticvalve:referstothevalvethatdoesnotrequireexternaldrive,butreliesonthemedium'sownenergytomakethevalveact.（2）動力驅(qū)動閥：可以利用各種動力源進行驅(qū)動。Power-drivenvalves:canbedrivenusingvariouspowersources.（3）手動閥：手動閥借助手輪、手柄、杠桿等部件，由人力來操縱閥門動作。Manualvalves:Manualvalvesareoperatedbyhumanpowerwiththehelpofhandwheels,handles,leversandothercomponentstomanipulatethevalveaction.圖為自動閥Automaticvalves圖為動力驅(qū)動閥Power-drivenvalves圖為手動閥Manualvalves閥門分類Valveclassification按連接方法可分為：螺紋連接閥門、法蘭連接閥門、焊接連接閥門、卡箍連接閥門、卡套連接閥門、對夾連接閥門。Accordingtotheconnectionmethodcanbedividedinto:threadconnectionvalve,flangeconnectionvalve,weldingconnectionvalve,clampconnectionvalve,ferruleconnectionvalve,buttconnectionvalve.圖為螺紋連接閥門Threadedconnectionvalves圖為法蘭連接閥門Flangeconnectionvalves圖為卡箍連接閥門Clampconnectionvalve圖為卡套連接閥門Tubeconnectionvalves圖為對夾連接閥門Clampconnectionvalves閥門分類Valveclassification

按閥體材料可分為：金屬材料閥門、非金屬材料閥門、金屬閥體襯里閥門。Accordingtothevalvebodymaterialcanbedividedinto.Metalmaterialvalves,non-metalmaterialvalves,metalbodylinedvalves.（1）金屬材料閥門：閥體等零件由金屬材料制成，如鑄鐵閥、碳鋼閥、合金鋼閥等。Metalmaterialvalves:valvebodyandotherpartsmadeofmetalmaterials,suchascastironvalves,carbonsteelvalves,alloysteelvalves,etc.（2）非金屬材料閥門：閥體等零件由非金屬材料制成，如塑料閥、陶閥、玻璃鋼閥等。Non-metalmaterialvalves:valvebodyandotherpartsmadeofnon-metalmaterials,suchasplasticvalves,ceramicvalves,glasssteelvalves,etc.（3）金屬閥體襯里閥門：閥體外形為金屬，內(nèi)部凡與介質(zhì)接觸的主要表面均為襯里，如襯膠閥、襯塑料閥。Metalbodylinedvalve:thevalvebodyshapeismetal,wherethemaininternalsurfacesincontactwiththemediaarelined,suchasrubber-linedvalves,plastic-linedvalves圖為非金屬材料閥門Non-metallicmaterialvalves圖為金屬材料閥門Metalmaterialvalves圖為金屬閥體襯里閥門Metalbodylinedvalves閥門分類Valveclassification污水處理用閥門Valvesforwastewatertreatment污水處理管道上主要使用的是通用閥門，一般公稱壓力在2.5MPa以下Mainlyusedonthesewagetreatmentpipelineisageneral-purposevalve,thegeneralnominalpressure