高考英語復(fù)習(xí)之長難句分析練習(xí)題+講義

高考英語復(fù)習(xí)之長難句分析（練習(xí)題）長難句難在哪兒？（1）長---修飾成分多定語：修飾限定（定語從句/介詞短語/非謂語…）狀語：附加信息（形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句/非謂語/with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）同位語、插入語……（2）難---基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)雜詞匯基礎(chǔ)：搞不懂語義/分不清詞性語法基礎(chǔ)：特殊句式（倒裝句/強(qiáng)調(diào)句/省略句）、分不清各類定語和狀語解決方法：長變短！---拆、簡化之后再拆解難變易！---練、做練習(xí)熟能生巧破解方法：口訣---（1）標(biāo)連斷；（2）定主干；（3）理枝干標(biāo)點(diǎn)連詞先斷開——1、，；：——找準(zhǔn)謂語鎖命脈——2、that,which,where,what,if,though介短非謂和從句——3、找到介詞作分隔，到名詞（短語）結(jié)束定狀同位插入語——4、todo/doing/done5、找到連詞作分隔，到第二個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)束6、同位語*縷清邏輯依次排——7、插入語：Ithink,forexample,accordingto,tobehonest,asweknow…實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)及解析：Supportingthistheory,onestudyfrom2009foundthatchildrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark,comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofawell-kepturbanarea.ADHD:注意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥解析：Supportingthistheory,/onestudy(from2009)found/thatchildren/withattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterable/toconcentrate/followinga20-minutewalk/inthepark,/comparedtoa20-minutewalk/onthestreets/ofawell-kepturbanarea.參考譯文:支持這一理論的是,2009年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與在整潔的城市區(qū)域街道上行走20分鐘相比,注意力缺陷多動(dòng)障礙(ADHD)的兒童在公園里行走20分鐘后,他們的注意力集中能力有所提高。Havingtravelledthroughthedifficultpathfor30years,Mr.Sivanhasgrownfondofthewildanimalsheencountersonhisdailywalks,goingsofarastosaythatthey'veallbecomehisfriends.解析：Havingtravelled/throughthedifficultpath/for30years,/Mr.Sivanhasgrownfondofthewildanimals（heencounters/）onhisdailywalks,/goingsofarastosay/thatthey'veallbecomehisfriends.）參考譯文：經(jīng)過30年的艱難旅程，Sivan先生已經(jīng)喜歡上了他每天散步時(shí)遇到的野生動(dòng)物，甚至說這些動(dòng)物都成了他的朋友。Ithinktherearealotoffixedimagesplacedonthoseexperiencingpoorlifethatdonotactuallycomefromthepeopleexperiencingit.解析：Ithink/（therearealotoffixedimages/（placedonthoseexperiencingpoorlife/thatdonotactuallycomefromthepeopleexperiencingit.）參考譯文：我認(rèn)為，對(duì)于那些生活困苦的人，有很多固定的印象實(shí)際上并不是來自于他們自己的經(jīng)歷。TheopenletterontheofficialwebsiteoftheFutureofLifeInstitute,co-signedbyexpertssuchasSpaceXCEOElonMuskandcomputerscientistStuartRussellandcallingforsuspendingtrainingartificialintelligencesystemsmorepowerfulthanGPT4,isstillcausingdebate.解析：Theopenletter/（ontheofficialwebsite/oftheFutureofLifeInstitute/,co-signedbyexpertssuchasSpaceXCEOElonMusk/andcomputerscientistStuartRussell/andcallingforsuspendingtrainingartificialintelligencesystemsmorepowerful/thanGPT4/）,isstillcausingdebate.參考譯文：未來生命研究所官方網(wǎng)站上的公開信,由包括SpaceX首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家斯圖爾特·羅素等專家聯(lián)名簽署,呼吁暫停訓(xùn)練比GPT-4更強(qiáng)大的人工智能系統(tǒng),這一呼吁仍在引發(fā)辯論。TheyfoundthatthereweresimilarassociationsbetweenstickingtoMediterraneandiet(地中海飲食)anddementia(癡呆癥)riskinindividualswithhigherandlowergeneticriskforhiscondition,whichmayindicatethatevenforthosewithahighergeneticrisk,havingabetterdietcouldreducethelikelihoodofdevelopingthecondition.解析：Theyfound/（thatthereweresimilarassociations/betweenstickingtoMediterraneandiet(地中海飲食)anddementia(癡呆癥)risk/inindividualswithhigherandlowergeneticrisk/forhiscondition）,/whichmayindicate/thatevenforthosewithahighergeneticrisk/,havingabetterdietcouldreducethelikelihoodofdevelopingthecondition.）參考譯文：他們發(fā)現(xiàn),無論是遺傳風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高或低的個(gè)體,堅(jiān)持地中海飲食與癡呆癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間都存在類似的關(guān)聯(lián),這可能表明即使對(duì)于遺傳風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高的人來說,保持更好的飲食習(xí)慣也能降低患病的可能性。Studentswhospendtimeteachingwhatthey'velearnedshowbetterunderstandingandabilitytorememberknowledgethanstudentswhosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.解析：Students/whospendtimeteaching/（whatthey'velearned）showbetterunderstandingandability/torememberknowledge/thanstudents/（whosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.）參考譯文：與僅僅花相同時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)的學(xué)生相比，花時(shí)間教授所學(xué)知識(shí)的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)出更好的理解力和記憶力。Whenrandomobjectswereplacedinboththevirtualandphysicalrooms,thevirtualpairsofparticipantsspentmoretimelookingdirectlyateachotherratherthanlettingtheirlookwanderabouttheroomandtakingintheentirescene.解析：（Whenrandomobjectswereplaced/inboththevirtualandphysicalrooms/,）thevirtualpairs/ofparticipantsspentmoretimelookingdirectly/（ateachother/）（ratherthanlettingtheirlookwander/abouttheroomandtaking/intheentirescene.）參考譯文:當(dāng)在虛擬和實(shí)體房間中都放置隨機(jī)物品時(shí),虛擬環(huán)境中成對(duì)的參與者會(huì)花更多的時(shí)間直接看著對(duì)方,而不是讓視線在房間中游移,觀察整個(gè)場景。Theauthorscautionthattheiranalysisislimitedtoindividualswhoself-reportedtheirethnicbackgroundaswhite,BritishorIrish,asgeneticdatawasonlyavailablebasedonEuropeancounties,andthatfurtherresearchisneededinarangeofpopulationstodeterminethepotentialbenefit.解析：Theauthorscaution/（thattheiranalysisislimited/toindividuals/（whoself-reportedtheirethnicbackgroundaswhite,BritishorIrish,/asgeneticdatawasonlyavailable/basedonEuropeancounties,/andthat/furtherresearchisneeded/inarangeofpopulations/todeterminethepotentialbenefit.參考譯文:作者提醒說,他們的分析僅限于那些自報(bào)其種族背景為白人、英國人或愛爾蘭人的個(gè)體,因?yàn)檫z傳數(shù)據(jù)僅基于歐洲國家可用,他們還指出需要在更多種族群體中進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究,以確定潛在的益處。Butalso,withmanypeoplechangingtheirexercisehabitsandsettinguphomegymsduringthepandemic,it'sbecomemuchmoreconvenienttoexerciseathome.Peopletookthisnewlyfreeduptimeasachancetoaddexercisetotheirday,withonlinefitnessprogramsandhealthappsreportinganincrease.Thephotoofapolarbearlyinglifelessonabeach-bloodmattingthefurofitsneck,withonehugepawfoldedunderitsbody-receivedimmediatecriticismglobally.解析：Thephoto（ofapolarbear/lyinglifelessonabeach/-bloodmattingthefurofitsneck,withonehugepawfoldedunderitsbody/-）receivedimmediatecriticism（globally.）參考譯文:一張北極熊躺在海灘上無生命跡象的照片——它的脖子上的血跡將毛發(fā)粘結(jié),一只巨大的爪子折疊在身體下——立即在全球引起了批評(píng)。Withcutting-edgetechnologyincreasinglyposingpotentialriskstohumansurvival,whileseekingtoequiphumansocietywithscienceandtechnology,weshouldbecarefultotheirreversiblerisksthatwouldresultfromtoomuchscientificandtechnologicalauthorization.解析：（Withcutting-edgetechnologyincreasinglyposingpotentialriskstohumansurvival,）（whileseekingtoequiphumansociety/withscienceandtechnology,）weshouldbecarefultotheirreversiblerisks/（thatwouldresultfromtoomuchscientificandtechnologicalauthorization.）參考譯文:隨著尖端技術(shù)日益可能對(duì)人類生存構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn),我們在致力于為人類社會(huì)裝備科學(xué)技術(shù)的同時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待過度授權(quán)科學(xué)技術(shù)可能帶來的不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。GeorgeTurner,48,ownerofPenuelBicyclesinInglewood,Caliornia,talkswithrespectabouthischildhoodBMXdirtbike.Theozonelayer,ablanketofgasthatexistsbetween10kmand50kmaboveEarth'ssurface,protectstheplanetfromthesun'spowerfulradiation.Buttherivernationalpark,asthenamesuggests,isbestexploredthroughleisurelyboatridesandcruisesthattakevisitorsthroughmanycanalsandancienttownsthatcomealongthewayoftheriver.解析：GeorgeTurner,48,ownerofPenuelBicyclesinInglewood,Caliornia,talks（withrespect）abouthischildhoodBMXdirtbike.參考譯文：喬治·特納,48歲,加利福尼亞州英格爾伍德市Penuel自行車店的老板,懷著敬意談?wù)撍陼r(shí)騎的BMX越野自行車。Theozonelayer,/（ablanketofgas/thatexistsbetween10kmand50kmaboveEarth'ssurface,）protectstheplanet（fromthesun'spowerfulradiation.）參考譯文：臭氧層是存在于地球表面上方10公里至50公里之間的一層氣體，它保護(hù)地球不受太陽強(qiáng)烈輻射的侵害。Buttherivernati