專題07防汛抗旱 -備戰(zhàn)2022年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題模擬練

07防汛抗旱Passage1Anewcapsule(航天倉(cāng))hotelopensnearTokyoNaritaAirport.Itisforthetravelerswithanearlymorningflight(航班).Eachcapsuleisverysmallbutmuchcheaperthantherealhotelroom.Californiameetstheworstdrought(干早)inalmost40years.Toletpeoplesavewater,Californiadecidestofineanyone$500adayiftheyarefoundwastingwater.TheChineseartist,YangYong-chun,showstheworld'sbiggestartworkinNanjing,China.Itisthelongest3Dstreetpainting,andYangnamesit"RhythmofYouth".AnewAppnamedSpring,helpsmakepeopleinthepicturelooktaller.Itcangiveanyonesupermodellegswithasimpletouchofabutton.1．Wecanreadthefourshortpassagesin________.A．a(chǎn)storybook B．a(chǎn)newspaper C．a(chǎn)guidebook D．a(chǎn)letter2．Californiawillfineanyone$500adayiftheydon't________.A．usewater B．wastewater C．savewater D．findwater3．Fromthepassages,weknowthat________.A．thenewcapsulehotelnearTokyoNaritaAirportisthefirstcapsulehotelintheworldB．CaliforniaoftenmeetsdroughtsinsummerC．"RhythmofYouth"isthelongest3DstreetpaintingD．thenewAppwhichcanmakeyoulooktalleriscalled"supermodel"Passage2Inancienttimes,thephoenix(鳳凰）wasasmallbird.Itsfeathers(羽毛）wereverycommonbutitwasveryhard-working,unlikeotherbirdsflyingaroundforfunwhentheywerefull.Itkeptworking,pickingfruitsandstoringtheminacave(洞穴）.Otherbirdslookeddownonwhatthephoenixdidbecausetheybelievedtherewasenoughfoodintheforest.Theythoughtitstupidtomakeeffortstocollectfoodeveryday.Thephoenixdidn'tcarewhatothersthought.Itwentonworkingharddayandnight.Oneyear,aseriousdrought(旱災(zāi)）happened.Allthegrassandwoodsdriedupanddied.Therewerenofruitsleftonthetrees.Birdsflewaroundforfoodbutcouldfindnothing.Asthebirdsweredyingofhunger,thephoenixhurriedthereandledthemtothecave.Itsharedthedryfruitswithalltheotherbirds,helpingthemgothroughthedrought.Allofthemwerehappyandmoved.Afterthedrought,tothankthephoenix,alltheotherbirdspulledtheirmostbeautifulfeathersandmadeshiningclothesforit.Theyallmadeitthekingofthebirds.Fromthenon,thephoenixhadthemostbeautifulfeathersintheworld,andthebirdsflewtogethertocelebrateitsbirthday.Theyflewaroundthephoenix,singinganddancing,makingthebestwishesforit.ThisisthestoryofAHundredBirdsPayingHomage(致敬）tothePhoenix.4．Thephoenixwas_______whileotherbirdswereflyingaroundforfun.A．havingaparty B．storingfeathers C．pickingfruits D．makingclothes5．Otherbirdsdidn't_______thephoenixatfirst.A．understand B．know C．notice D．doubt6．Whenthedroughthappened,thephoenix__________.A．flewaroundforfood B．wasdyingofhungerC．washappyandmoved D．sharedfoodwithothers7．Onthephoenix'sbirthday,thebirds_________whilemakingthebestwishesforit.A．broughtpresents B．a(chǎn)tedeliciousfoodC．sanganddanced D．madeshiningclothes8．Thestorytellsuspeoplewillpayhomagetothepersonwhois___________.A．smart,patientandbeautiful B．common,healthyandstrongC．wise,kindandhard-working D．polite,happyandsuccessfulPassage3OnedayPengXianzhelearnedhewouldgototheMashanSchoolinGuizhou.The16-year-oldboytriedtoimaginehowseriousthedroughtwasforthestudentsatthatschool.However,herealizeditwasmoreseriousthanhehadimaginedwhenhesawthesign＂DON’Twashclotheswithwater,oryouwillbepunished（懲罰）.＂Becauseofdrought,theschoolhasbeenshortofwaterforalongtime.Eachstudenthasonlyonebottleofwatereverydayforwashinganddrinking.Thedroughthasmadethepoorstudentsmuchpoorer.PengisastudentfromBeijingChaoyangForeignLanguageSchool.Hetookpartintheschool’sRain&BowProjectfromApril2to10.TheprojectideacamefromPeng’sprincipal（負(fù)責(zé)人）.Oneday,sheheardasadstoryaboutLiGuoxian,apoorgirlintheMashanSchool,whostoppedgoingtoschoolbecauseofdrought.Theprincipalstartedthisprojecttohelptheschool.Inoneday,3,000studentsmadeover10,000donationsofwater,booksandclothes.PengandotherfourstudentswenttotheMashanSchoolandgavethedonationswithfiveteachers.Theyvisitedpoorfamilies,madesurveysandhadclassesattheschool.DingZhentao,16,wasworriedabouttheschool’spoorlearningenvironment.＂Theblackboardsandplaygroundaretooshabbytouse,＂Dingsaid.＂Besides,therereallyaren’tenoughteachers.AteacherhastoteachbothhistoryandEnglish,andeventhecookisaclassteacher.＂Althoughlifeisn’teasy,studentsattheschoolhaveapositiveattitude(積極的態(tài)度）towardslifeandtheyarequitewillingtolearn.That’swhatmoved16-year-oldChenShimost.＂Theysangtheirsongstogetherasusualbeforeclasseveryafternoon.Afterclass,thestudentsaskedustotellthemthingsaboutBeijingandourstudies,＂Chensaid.＂Youcanseethepassion（熱情）inthem.Ibelieveitwillmakeadifference.Theirfutureswillbebright.＂9．WhichschooldoesPengXianzhestudy?A．MashanSchool. B．BeijingChaoyangForeignLanguageSchool.C．ProjectSchool. D．TrainingSchool.10．Theunderlinedword＂shabby＂meansinChinese.A．黑乎乎的 B．光滑的 C．破舊不堪的 D．不平整11．Whostartedtheschool’sRain&BowProject?A．Theprincipaloftheforeignlanguageschool.B．PengXianzhe,a16-year-oldboy.C．ChenShi,astudentfromBeijing.D．LiGuoxian,apoorgirlinGuizhou.12．HowmanypeoplewenttotheMashanSchoolandgavethedonations?A．Four. B．Five. C．Nine. D．Ten.13．Thepassagemainlytellsusabout.A．thepoorlearningenvironmentoftheMashanSchoolB．thethingsthatBeijingstudentsdid,sawandheardattheMashanSchoolC．theMashanSchoolstudents’positiveattitudetowardsthedroughtD．a(chǎn)storyofapoorgirlwhostoppedgoingtoschoolbecauseofdroughtPassage4MarkTwainoncesaid,“everyonetalksabouttheweather,butnooneeverdoesanythingaboutit.”Thiswastrueinhisdays.Butitmaynotbethecaseintoday’sworld.Infact,humanshavefoundmanydifferentwaystocontroltheweather.Cloudseeding(云催化)isakindoftechnologythatcancontrolrain.Itisdonebyspreadingchemicalslikedryiceorsilveriodide(碘化銀)insideofclouds,eitherbyrocketorairplane.Thischangestheamountofwaterinsidetheclouds,whichhelpstocontroltheamountofrain,thetimewhenitrainsandevenwhereitrains.Thistechnologyhashelpedtosolvedrought.Ithasalsoplayedakeyroleduringimportantevents.Forexample,ChinausedcloudseedinginBeijingjustbeforethe2008OlympicGamesinordertostoprainfromfallingduringtheevent.However,scientistsarestilldebatinghowtousethistechnology.Ononehand,itisbelievedthatitmighthavesideeffects.Forexample,silveriodidemaybebadfortheenvironment.Ontheotherhand,notwocloudsarethesame,soeverynewexperimentintroducesnewconditions.Usinglasers(激光)tochangetheweatherhasbeentestedinalab,andithasbeenfairlysuccessfulonasmallscale.Scientistsarestilltryingtofigureouthowtouseitintherealworld,anditcouldbeanewwaytostopclimatechange.Inadditiontocontrollingrain,scientistshavealsotriedtofindwaystoweakenstormsandhurricanes(颶風(fēng)).ScientistsattheUSNationalHurricaneCentreHeadquartersthinkitmightbepossibletocontrolhurricanesbyusinglasers.Othersbelievethatburningpetroleum(石油)inahurricane’spathcouldslowthestormsdown.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將選定答案的字母標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。14．Cloudseedingworksbyspreadinginsideofclouds.A．storms B．drought C．chemicals D．water15．FromParagraph2,welearnthatcloudseeding.

①helpsproducerain

②usesrocketsorairplanestowork③releaseschemicalsintotheair④cancontrolitssideeffectswellA．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④16．Theunderlinedphrase“sideeffects”means“”inChinese.A．副作用 B．好作用 C．沒作用 D．少作用17．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？A．Humanstodaycanchangetheweather.B．Newtechnologycanhelptosolvedrought.C．ChinahasonceusedcloudseedinginBeijing.D．Scientistsareabletocontrolhurricanesbyusinglasers.18．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．MarkTwainlikedtotalkabouttheweather.B．Allscientistshavewelcomedcloudseedingtechnology.C．Cloudseedingmaynotbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Cloudseedingcanbeusedtocontrolstorms.Passage5Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼蟲).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdroughtintheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(蝦)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStatewhereshadetemperaturesofover50℃areoftenrecorded.TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimeterlongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetertoalengthofabout1.5centimeters.Throughoutthetimewhentheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythe12thday,however,whentheyareabout3centimeterslong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthe13thdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake;inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryear,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.19．WhichofthefollowingisthemostdistinctivefeatureofMojaveshrimps?A．Theyliveabriefandtoughlife.B．Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.C．Theireggscansurviveyearsofdrought.D．Theylaytheireggsinthemud.20．Theword“dormant”(inPara4)mostprobablymeans________.A．inactive B．strong C．a(chǎn)lert D．soft21．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Appearanceandsizeareimportantfactorsforlifetosurviveinthedesert.B．Aspeciesmustbeabletomultiplyquicklyinordertosurviveinthedesert.C．Forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdrought.D．Somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinsevereconditions.22．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?A．TheeggsofMojaveshrimpsareassmallasthegrainsofseeds.B．Thewholecycleofgrowthoftheshrimpsisaraceagainsttime.C．Itisdifficulttobelievethattheseshrimpscansurvivedroughtsinthedesert.D．Theamountoftrainhasastrongimpactonthenumberoftheshrimps.23．Thepassagemainlydealswith________.A．thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimpsB．thesurvivalofdesertshrimpsC．thecreatureslivingintheMojavedesertD．theimportanceofwatertolifeinthedesertPassage6Vinegarmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevenuseittocleanyourwindows.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplantssurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanfoundthatgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate—themaincomponentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplants,beforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspecies,rapeseed,”Jong-MyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimalsotoldthemagazinehe’salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutfromcompaniesgrowingflowerstoamateurgardeners.Althoughatthispoint,keepingthirstyplantsaliveisn’taseasyasjustpouringvinegaroverthem,Kimsaysheandhisteamareworkingonmakingtheprocessassimpleaspossible.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewithsomefarmers,andalsosomecompanies,tomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,”hesaid.Andforthoseofuswhoalwaysforgettoaskourneighborstowaterourplantswhenwegoaway,hopefullythismeanstheendofreturninghomefromatriptofindourfavoriteflowershavedied.24．Theresearchersfoundthat________.A．climatechangewouldaffecttheworld’ssupplyoffoodB．vinegarmadefoodlikesaladanddumplingstastebetterC．theArabidopsishadtheabilitytosurviveinthevinegarD．vinegarcouldhelptheplantslivelongerindryconditions25．“Thissimplemethodofsurvival”refersto________.A．stoppinggivingwatertoplants B．a(chǎn)ddingacetatetothesoilofplantsC．leavingplantsbeingdryfor14days D．doingexperimentsonthestaplefoods26．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowaboutKimandhisteam'sexperiment?A．Itwon’tcosttoomuch. B．Itwillaskmorepeopletojoinin.C．Itwon’tbedifficulttobefinished. D．Itwillhelppeoplehavehappiertrips.27．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Kim’sExperiment B．UseVinegarNow C．TheUsefulAcetate D．SavetheDryPlantsPassage7TheWorldWildlifeFundforNature-WWF-reportsthatnearly3billionanimalswerekilledorlosttheirhomesbecauseofAustralia’swildfiresin2019and2020.Thenumber,reportedinlateJuly,wasaboutthreetimeshigherthananearlierWWFestimate(估計(jì)).Ateamof10scientistsstudiedmorethan11millionhectaresofAustralia’scountrysidetogetthelatestestimate.“Itranks(排名)asoneoftheworstwildlifedisastersinmodernhistory,”saidWWF-AustraliaChiefExecutiveOfficerDermotO’Gorman.TheWWFsaidituseddifferentmethodstoestimatewildlifepopulations,includinginformationfromover100,000studies.Thescientistscreatedmodelstoestimatethenumberofcreaturesfoundinareasdestroyedbyfire.ProjectleaderLilyVanEedenfromtheUniversityofSydneysaidtheresearchwasthefirstcontinent-wideexaminationofanimalsaffectedbywildfires.“Wedon’tevenknowwhatwearelosing,”saidChrisDickman,aprofessorofecology(生態(tài)學(xué))attheUniversityofSydney.HespoketoReutersnewsagency.“Thesewerespeciesthatwerehereandnowtheyhavegone.It’salmosttoosadtothinkabout.”ThewildfiresstartedinSeptember2019andcontinuedthroughMarchofthisyear.Scientistssaythefireswerecausedbyhigherthannormaltemperaturesandyearsofdrought(干旱)intheAustralianbush.Thefirescaused34humandeathsanddestroyednearly3,000homes.TheWWFsaidthatoverthepastyear,ithadraisedmoneytothefrontlinesofthefirestohelpinjuredandhomelesswildlife.28．HowmanyanimalswerekilledorhomelessbecauseofAustralia’swildfiresin2019and2020?A．Nearly3billion. B．Around5billion.C．Morethan3billion. D．Lessthan1billion.29．Howdidtheresearchersgetthelatestestimateofwildlifepopulationafterthewildfire?A．Theyraisedmoneytostudytheanimals.B．Theystudiedtheanimalsaroundthecountry.C．Theystudiedover100,000animalsandgottheinformation.D．Theyestimatedthenumberofcreaturesfoundinareasdestroyedbyfire.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedworddisastersmean?A．Agreatprojectthatcostlotsofmoney. B．Anunexpectedeventcausesgreatlost.C．Animportantpersonwhoisveryfamous. D．Aninterestingactivitythatmanypeopletakepartin.31．Accordingtothepassage,whichisTUREaboutthewildfire?A．Thefireonlykilledanimals. B．TherewerewildfiresalloverAustralia.C．Thewildfireslastedmorethanhalfayear. D．SomebodyintheAustraliacausedthewildfire.32．Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthetext?A．Humansshouldn’toverestimatethebushfire.B．Weshouldraisemoneyforwildlifeprotection.C．Humansshouldn’ttakeupwherewildlifelive.D．Weshoulddevelopthemethodstopreventwildfires.Passage8“TheUKcouldfaceseriouswatershortages(短缺)inthenext20to25years,”JamesBevan,headoftheEnvironmentAgency,saidinMarch2019.Britonshavebeenworriedabouttheprobleminthepastfewmonths.Tworeasonsliebehindthefuturewatershortages.Thefirstoneispopulationgrowth.ItispredictedthatthepopulationoftheUKwillhaveincreasedto75millionby2050.Thiswillcertainlycausestressonresourcessuchaswaterandenergy.Onaverage,apersonuses150liters(升)ofwateraday.Muchofthisiswaterwastage.Itiscommontoseepeopleleavethetap(水龍頭)runningwhilebrushingtheirteeth.Theotherreasonisclimatechange.TheUKmightgethotteranddrierinthenearfuture.Thiscouldreducewatersupplies(供應(yīng))by10to15percentandthencausedrought(干旱)acrossthecountry.Charitiessaidthatwecouldallreduceourdailywaterusageto100literseveryday.Suggestionsincludetakingshortershowersandchoosingawell-usedflushtoilet(抽水馬桶).However,whatapersoncandoislimited.PerhapsmanyBritonshaveforgottenthedayswhenwaterwasscarce.“Irememberthe1976drought,”saysAdrianButler,aseniorteacheratImperialCollegeLondon.“Manypeople,thankfully,havenoideaofhavingtogetyourwaterfromastandpipe(豎管)inthestreet.Butonceyou’vebeenthroughthat,youwillrealizewaterisreallyvaluable.Itissomethingthatwehaveacollective(集體的)responsibilityfor.”Wecanalltakecaretoavoidwastingwater.33．WhenwilltheUKprobablyfaceseriouswatershortages?A．Inabout25years. B．Bytheyear2030. C．In100years. D．In2020.34．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Howthegrowthofpopulationwillaffectwatersupplies.B．HowclimatechangewillcausedroughtallovertheUK.C．WhyitisdifficultforBritonstosavewatereveryday.D．WhytheUKwillnothaveenoughwaterin25years.35．Theunderlinedword“scarce”probablymeans“________”inthelastparagraph.A．dirty B．clean C．valuable D．expensive36．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisRIGHTaboutsavingwater?A．Weneedn’ttakealongshower. B．Wecan’tbrushourteetheveryday.C．It’sboringtointroducestandpipesystems. D．It’sawasteofmoneytochooseflushtoilets.37．Wecaninfer________fromthepassage.A．BritonsarenotsatisfiedwiththestandpipesintheUKB．AdrianButlerclearlyremembersthe1976droughtintheUKC．JamesBevanisconfidentaboutsolvingthewatershortagesintheUKD．theBritishgovernmenthasn’tactedtodealwithwatershortagesintheUK【答案】1．B2．C3．C【分析】文章是四則新聞報(bào)道：東京成田機(jī)場(chǎng)附近新開了一家膠囊旅館；加州遭遇干旱，對(duì)浪費(fèi)水的人處以每天500美元的罰款；楊永春在中國(guó)南京展出了世界上最長(zhǎng)的3D街畫；應(yīng)用程序Spring可以讓照片中的人看起來(lái)更高。1．推理判斷題。文中是四則國(guó)內(nèi)外的新聞報(bào)道，可能在報(bào)紙上讀到。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Toletpeoplesavewater,Californiadecidestofineanyone$500adayiftheyarefoundwastingwater.”可知浪費(fèi)水（即不節(jié)約用水）的人會(huì)被處以每天500美元的罰款。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itisthelongest3Dstreetpainting,andYangnamesit‘RhythmofYouth’.”可知“青春的律動(dòng)”是最長(zhǎng)的3D街畫。故選C。4．C5．A6．D7．C8．C【分析】文章大意：本文主要講述的是百鳥朝鳳的故事。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itkeptworking,pickingfruitsandstoringtheminacave.”可知，當(dāng)其他的鳥兒在周圍飛來(lái)飛去時(shí)，鳳凰在采摘果子，故選C。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Otherbirdslookeddownonwhatthephoenixdid…Theythoughtitstupidtomakeeffortstocollectfoodeveryday.”可推斷出，起初其他鳥兒并不理解鳳凰的做法。故選A。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itsharedthedryfruitswithalltheotherbirds,helpingthemgothroughthedrought.”可知，當(dāng)干旱發(fā)生時(shí)，鳳凰將自己收集的水果分享給其他鳥，故選D。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyflewaroundthephoenix,singinganddancing,makingthebestwishesforit.”可知，在鳳凰生日那天，其他鳥圍著鳳凰唱歌跳舞，送上祝福，故選C。8．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，風(fēng)凰之所以得到百鳥的尊重是因?yàn)樗羞h(yuǎn)見、勤勞，還能在其他動(dòng)物有難時(shí)伸出援助之手，很善良。因此這個(gè)故事告訴我們，人們會(huì)尊敬那些聰明、善良、勤勞的人，故選C。9．B10．C11．A12．D13．B【分析】本文主要是介紹北京朝陽(yáng)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校的學(xué)生在馬山中學(xué)的所做、所看、所聽。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句PengisastudentfromBeijingChaoyangForeignLanguageSchool.可知彭是朝陽(yáng)北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校的一名學(xué)生。所以該選B。10．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)原文Theblackboardsandplaygroundaretooshabbytouse以及前句theschool’spoorlearningenvironment可推知“shabby”的意思只可能是“破舊不堪的”，所以該選C。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句TheprojectideacamefromPeng’sprincipal可知這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)起人是彭所在學(xué)校的負(fù)責(zé)人，所以該選A。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句PengandotherfourstudentswenttotheMashanSchoolandgavethedonationswithfiveteachers.可知共去了五位學(xué)生和五位老師，所以該選D。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。細(xì)讀短文可知本文主要是介紹北京的學(xué)生在馬山中學(xué)的所做、所看、所聽，所以該選B。14．C15．B16．A17．D18．C【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章描述了當(dāng)今世界，人類發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多控制天氣的方法，其中主要介紹了云催化和使用激光的兩種方法。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itisdonebyspreadingchemicalslikedryiceorsilveriodide(碘化銀)insideofclouds...”可知，云催化是往云朵中撒干冰或者碘化銀等化學(xué)制品。故選C。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itisdonebyspreadingchemicalslikedryiceorsilveriodide(碘化銀)insideofclouds,eitherbyrocketorairplane.”，可知，云催化主要用火箭或飛機(jī)來(lái)釋放空氣/云層中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，選項(xiàng)②③符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。16．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Forexample,silveriodidemaybebadfortheenvironment.”可知，碘化銀可能對(duì)環(huán)境有害，所以推斷出sideeffect表示“副作用”。故選A。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段的“...itmightbepossibletocontrolhurricanesbyusinglasers.”可知，激光有可能可以控制颶風(fēng)，而非一定能，與D選項(xiàng)有出入，故選D。18．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ononehand,itisbelievedthatitmighthavesideeffects.Forexample,silveriodidemaybebadfortheenvironment.”可知，云催化可能對(duì)環(huán)境不友好。故選C。19．C20．A21．D22．A23．B【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了干旱的沙漠里的一些動(dòng)植物的生存方式，尤其講述了莫哈維沙漠蝦的生存繁衍方式。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdroughtintheform...recorded.”可知，莫哈維沙漠蝦能夠以非活性卵的形式在多年的干旱中生存下來(lái)。故選C。20．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.”可知，雨水足夠多的情況下，卵就會(huì)孵化，小蝦再一次快速地經(jīng)歷它們的生長(zhǎng)、成年、產(chǎn)卵和死亡周期；反之，如果雨水不足夠的話，這些卵就會(huì)進(jìn)入休眠期，也就是說(shuō)這些卵變得不活躍。故選A。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.”和“Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.”可知，一些物種發(fā)展出一種獨(dú)特的生活方式來(lái)在惡劣的環(huán)境中生存。故選D。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thee